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31	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-286
POLICY ANALYSIS OF THE ADAPTATION OF MAKASSAR CITY ^S GOVERNMENT FOR CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING Wardiman Dg. Sipato (a), Elsa Damayanti (a), Kahar Mustari (b), Kaimuddin (b) 1. Management of Environment, Postgraduate, Hasanuddin University 2. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Abstract POLICY ANALYSIS OF THE ADAPTATION OF MAKASSAR CITY ^S GOVERNMENT FOR CLIMATE CHANGE AND GLOBAL WARMING Wardiman Dg. Sipato 1 , Elsa Damayanti Darlin 2 , Kahar Mustari 3, Kaimuddin 4 1,2Management of Environment, Postgraduate, Hasanuddin University 3,4 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University ABSTRACT: Government plays important role in adapting, planning, and implementing to work and Program succeeded with the right target depend on central government, regional government, and national institutions, also international institution involvement. The research aims to analyze Makassar regional government to adapt to climate-changing by seeing programs include adaptation, funding pattern, and knowledge of regional government about climate changing and global warming issues. Research implementing in Makassar in August-October and continued by doing a comparative study in Semarang to complete the data. Sampling uses non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling approach. Data analysis using descriptive, qualitative, and comparative. The result has shown Makassar regional Government has been responding to climate changing. This is shown by policy and adaptation strategy in document RAD-API. But, the government has a barrier in coordinating and funding their implementation. This makes the adaptation could not work effectively. Further, the lack of government knowledge about climate changing and global warming issues also contributes to preventing integration of policy process to regional development planning. Keywords: adaptation, climate-changing, policy, government, RAD-API Keywords: adaptation, climate-changing, policy, government, RAD-API Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Wardiman Dg Sipato)

32	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-35
Screening and Identification Cellulolytic Fungi at Rhizosfer of Safira Taro Plant Eka Wisdawati (a*,b), Tutik Kuswinanti (c), Ade Rosmana (c), Andi Nasruddin (c) a. The Agricultural Science, Graduate School, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia b. Plantation Department, Pangkep State Polytechnic of Agriculture, Indonesia c. Departement of Plant Pest and Disease,Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia *ekawisdawati[at]gmail.com Abstract Agriculture waste and pathogen cell wall of plant contain a lot of cellulose which are very difficult to degrade. One of the ways to hydrolyze them is through utilizing cellulase, an enzyme produced from secondary metabolite of cellulolytic fungi. This research was aimed at isolating fungi from rhizosphere of safira taro plant and testing the isolate capability to produce cellulase enzyme to be able to act as decomposer and biocontrol of the plant. The research methods are isolating rhizosphere fungi, testing isolate capability in producing cellulase enzyme and identifying potential isolate producing cellulolytic fungi. It obtained 10 fungi isolates, 4 were negative and 6 positive in producing cellulase enzyme with cellulolytic index 1.16 - 1.66. The highest index was RTB14 isolate which belongs to Aspergillus flavus. Keywords: Rhizosphere, Cellulase, Cellulolytic, Fungi Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Eka Wisdawati)

33	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-291
Application of Humic Subtances and Bottom Ash Compounds in Improving Soil Quality in Lime Stone Post-Mining Land Musfira M, M Jayadi, A Ahmad universitas hasanuddin Abstract The mining sector in Maros Regency in the past five years shows a significant growth rate, one of which is PT. Bosowa which has a limestone mine site with an area of 749.14 Ha mining license. Limestone mining leaves the ex-mine land with poor soil chemical quality, which requires efforts to improve soil quality. One way that can be used is by applying humic subtances and coal ash (Bottom ash). Humic subtances can be used as fertilizer to increase the availability of macro nutrients in the soil and improve pH and the application of coal ash can improve the chemical, physical and biological properties of the soil because it has a pH value, high organic C content, available P, and basic cations such as K, Na, Ca, and Mg. This research aims to determine the effect and interaction of the application of humic subtances and bottom ash interaction with different doses to improve the quality of soil after limestone quarry. This research uses a randomized block design in a factorial pattern. This experiment consisted of humic subtances factor (H) with 4 levels namely H0, H1 (0.09%), H2 (0.12%), and H3 (0.15%) and bottom ash factor (B) with three levels : B0, B1 (400 grams), B2 (600 grams) totally 12 treatment combinations then the number of experimental units is 36 experimental units. Humic subtances at H2 concentration (0.15%) significantly increased C-organic, K, P-available, Mg-dd and increased plant height, whereas the treatment of bottom ash at a dose of B2 (600 grams) significantly affected the increase in C-organic , P-available, and Mg-dd. The treatment of humic subtances with concentrations of H3 (0.15%) and bottom ash at a dose of 600 grams is the best interaction characterized by an increase in soil pH, CEC, Ca-dd, K, and Na. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the aplication of humic subtances with a concentration of H3 (0.15%) or 1500 ppm and the provision of bottom ash with a dose of B2 (600 grams) or 120 tons / ha have a significant effec Keywords: post-mining soil, soil chemical properties, humic subtances, bottom ash Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Musfira M)

34	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-38
Composition and nutritional content of Honey Trigona sp in the Tikep forest management unit (KPH) North Moluccas Aqshan Shadikin Nurdin(a*), Emy Saelan (b), Iin Nurdiyanti Nurdin (c) Dustan (d) a)Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khairun,Ternate,North Moluccas, Indonesia b)Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khairun, Ternate, North Moluccas, Indonesia c)Department of Fisheries Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Muhammadiyah University of Kendari, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi d)Departemen of Biology Faculty of Sains and Technology Institut Teknologi dan Kesehatan Avicenna Kendari, South East Sulawesi Abstract Abstract. One of the products of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) among them is honey bees which have a high use and economic value. Honey is flower nectar that is absorbed by a honey bee into a honey bag inside its body. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition and nutrient content of Trigona sp. honey located in the Tikep forest management unit (KPH). The sampling method used in this study is using purposive sampling. Analysis of the sample through a proximate test includes analysis of water content, ash content, fat content, protein content, and carbohydrates. Based on the results of the study, the water content in both samples was very high. The test results show in the forest sample (37.22%) and cultivation (35.18%), the value exceeds the category determined by SNI No. 01-3545-2004 a maximum of 22%. The results of the ash content analysis in both samples ranged from 0.79 to 1.12%. According to SNI, the maximum content for honey ash content is 0.5%, which means that the sample of forest and cultivation honey has exceeded the maximum SNI limit. The analysis showed the highest levels of protein and fat in forest honey with a value of 1.72% and 10.76%. Unlike the carbohydrate content, the cultivation honey sample is greater than forest honey with a value of 23.26%. Keywords: composition, nutritional content, trigone honey, KPH Tikep Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aqshan Shadikin)

35	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-294
Dinamic of soil properties under an exotic pine (Pinus sp.) species growing in Bantaeng Regency Mukrimin Mukrimin1, Muh. Ichsan Ghifary1, Fathul Anshari1, Gusmiaty Gusmiaty1, and Muh. Restu1 1 Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Jln. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, 90245 Makassar, Indonesia Abstract One of conifer species that can thrive in Indonesia is Pinus mercussii. This pine is an endemic species on the island of Sumatra, particularly in Aceh, Tapanuli and Kerinci. In addition, there was another exotic species (Pinus sp.) growing on the island of Sulawesi. It has never been reported before. Therefore, this study aims to examine and describe the characteristics of the soil under the stand of Pinus Rombeng (Pinus sp.) stand in Bantaeng Regency in term of information on the soil nutrients under the Pinus sp. stand. The used method included sampling soil and collecting tree tissue. The results showed that the characteristics of soil properties varied. Both physical and chemical soil characteristics varied, particularly in soil texture class, organic matter content, C%, N%, C/N ratio, P2O5, and Mg. Keywords: Pinus sp., soil properties, soil nutrients, stand, Bantaeng regency Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (MUKRIMIN MUKRIMIN)

36	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-45
Characterization of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Blungko from Rembang, Central Java Intan Gilang Cempaka (a*), Afrizal Malik (b), Arif Susila (a) a) BPTP Jawa Tengah, Semarang, Indonesia * intangilangcempaka[at]gmail.com b) BPTP Jawa Timur, Malang, Indonesia Abstract Mango is one of the tropical fruits which is favored by mostly people in the world. Indonesia, including Central Java is the center and source of the various varieties of tropical fruit along with diversity. The study was conducted in October 2018 in the village of Kebloran, Kragan district, Rembang. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the morphology and and conservation methods of Mango Blungko. The research was directly forward evaluating the morphological characters of such mango from Rembang. In this study, the characterization of Mango Blungko was based on the description books of horticultural crops in 2017 published by the Directorate General of Horticulture. The results showed that Mango Blungko had a red yellowish flower, white petal (N 144 D), red crown (58 B) and red flower (59 A). It was also determined that Mango Blungko had oblong of fruit shape, red yellowish edible fruit (32 B), Sweet sour flavor and a pungent scent. Keywords: mango, characterization, Rembang Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Intan Gilang Cempaka)

37	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-55
Estimated Carbon Stock of Various Mangrove Zonation in Marsegu Island. West Seram. Maluku. Irwanto Irwanto(1,2), Samuel Arung Paembonan(3), Putu Oka Ngakan(3), Risma Illa Maulany(3) (1) Faculty of Agriculture. Pattimura University. Ambon. Indonesia. (2) Graduate School Student, Doctoral Program of Agricultural Science. Hasanuddin University, Makassar. Indonesia. (3) Faculty of Forestry. Hasanuddin University, Makassar. Indonesia. Abstract This study aimed to determine the amount of carbon storage of various mangrove zonation formed on Marsegu Island, West Seram, Maluku. Marsegu Island is a Raised Coral Island which has 46.75% mangrove vegetation (112.29 ha) with the area of each zonation is 32.12 ha (proximal zone), 39.00 ha (middle zone) and 41.17 ha (distal zone). The calculation of stored carbon stocks of various mangrove zonation in Marsegu island used SNI guidelines (Indonesian National Standard) 7724:2011. Field measurements for estimation of forest carbon stocks (ground-based forest carbon accounting). The estimations of above-ground carbon stored in the proximal zone, middle zone and distal zone are as follows: 52.11 t/ha, 70.50 t/ha, and 140.13 t/ha, Meanwhile, the below-ground (root) carbon storage is 10.62 t/ha, 13.48 t/ha, and 24.36 t/ha. The potential amount of carbon of above and below ground plus dead trees and dead-wood (necromass), with estimation soil carbon storage up to 20 cm depth, are: 234.07 t/ha for the proximal zone, 317.47 t/ha for middle zone, and 406.58 t/ha for the distal zone. The estimated total carbon stock in Mangrove Forest of Marsegu Island is 36,637.02 tonnes. Keywords: Carbon Stock, Mangrove Zonation, Marsegu Island Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Irwanto Irwanto)

38	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-57
Utilization of Liquid Organic Fertilizers From Banana Stems and Coconut husk to Increase Potassium (K) Nutrients in Alfisols and Corn R Riyandani, B Rasyid, and S Baja Universitas Hasanuddin Abstract The needs of plant potassium can be done by adding banana stem liquid organic fertilizer and coconut husk liquid organic fertilizer which contain a lot of K elements. To determine the increase in nutrient potassium and its effect on the growth of maize to Alfisols. This research was carried out in the form of a separate plot design consisting of the main plot P1 (banana stem liquid organic fertilizer), P2 (coconut husk liquid organic fertilizer) and tillers plots d0 (0 ml), d2 (75 ml), d1 (50 ml), d3 (100 ml) obtained 8 treatment combinations and repeated 3 times. Liquid organic fertilizer for banana stems and coconut husk can increase the availability of K in the soil. At a dose of 100 ml of coconut husk liquid organic fertilizer has a significant effect on the increase in organic C, Cation exchange capacity (CEC), Na and it also be able to increase the soil pH of K-available, Ca-dd and shows the highest average in increasing plant height and plant dry weight. The application of coconut husk liquid organic fertilizer has a significant effect on K content in plants, plant height. However, it has no effect on the dose given. Keywords: Potassium, liquid organic fertilizer, soil Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Risma Riyandani)

39	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-60
Agro-morphological variation of pigmented rice landraces from South Sulawesi grown in a temperate glasshouse of New Zealand Arini Putri Hanifa1,2, James Millner1, Craig McGill1, Rinaldi Sjahril3 1 School of Agriculture and Environment of Massey University, Palmerston North New Zealand 2 AIAT of South Sulawesi, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 17.5 Makassar, Indonesia 3 Laboratory of Plant Bioscience and Reproduction Biotechnology, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90245, Indonesia Abstract The present study is aimed to compare the agro-morphological traits of 15 pigmented rice landraces and two modern rice varieties grown in the same environment. The selected rice were cultivated in a greenhouse of Massey University, New Zealand using a randomised complete block design with five replications. Data collection included agro-morphological observation and measurement. Quantitative data were analysed with analysis of variance, followed with Tukey HSD. Result showed considerable variability in seedling vigour, lodging, plant height, panicle exsertion, panicle threshability, spikelet fertility, and maturity among the studied pigmented rice landraces. Panicle exsertion and spikelet fertility indicate plant cope toward environmental change, which was performed better by many landraces than modern varieties. Variability in morphological characteristics was also recorded among tested varieties. Utilisation of the trait diversity can be useful for future breeding programs, which can lead to this crops^ improvement, including pest and disease resistance and grain quality research Keywords: agro-morphology, pigmented rice, landrace, germplasm Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Arini Putri Hanifa)

40	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-61
The Daytime Indoor and Outdoor Temperatures of Subterranean Termite Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) Tunnel Arinana (a*), Ilmina Philippines (b), Yonny Koesmaryono (b), Sulaeha Sulaeha (c), Yani Maharani (d), Murni Indarwatmi (e) a) Forest Product Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental, IPB University, Bogor, 16880, West Java, Indonesia *arinanaiskandaria[at]gmail.com b) Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, 16880, West Java, Indonesia c) Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin. Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM.10 Tamalanrea. Makassar, South of Sulawesi, Indonesia d) Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran (UNPAD), Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, 21KM. Jatinangor, Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia e) Center for Isotope and Radiation Application, National Nuclear Energy Agency. Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya no 49 Lebak Bulus, Jakarta 12440, Indonesia Abstract Life cycle of termite is affected by weather condition, including temperature. To keep activities safe from any direct light, termite designs tunnels to hide. The objective of this research is to analyze the temperature of subterranean termite Coptotermes curvignathus tunnel inside and outside room. Tunnel temperature measurement using thermocouples tool. The research was conducted at Forest Products Research and Development Center, Gunung Batu, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The results showed that the temperature in the tunnel at indoor ranged between 25.8 to 34.1 degree celsius while temperature in the tunnel at outdoor ranged between 25.0 to 32.7 degree celsius. The tunnel at indoor temperature was 0.8 to 3.2 degree celsius warmer than the temperature of tunnel at outdoor temperature, while surrounding indoor temperature was 0.2 degree celsius warmer than surrounding outdoor temperature. Keywords: Arboretum- Subterranean termite- Thermocouples tool- Pine wood Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Arinana Arinana)

41	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-91
Molecular Marker for Thermoregulation of Pasundan Cattle in Different Ambient Temperature A. Mushawwir, J. Arifin, R. Permana and N. Suwarno Animal Science Faculty, University of Padjadjaran Abstract Global climate change directly affects the physiological behaviour of local livestock in Indonesia. One of Indonesia^s local livestock that is growing well in West Java is Pasundan Cattle. Changes in environmental temperature have forced these cattle to adapt to continue to survive and breed. This condition encourages changes in the expression of specific proteins in response to environmental changes. For this purpose, research was conducted in various locations in West Java to study molecular markers related to thermoregulation of Pasundan cattle. One hundred and fifty Pasundan cows, 2-3 years old, spread over three areas: 1) along the North Coast of West Java (37 to 410C), 2) Purwakarta and Pengandaran (29 to 350C), and 3) Sumedang (<250C). The blood collection was carried out each by fifty animals twice at each location. Blood was collected using a 5 mL syringe through the tail vein- the blood samples collected into a 5 mL EDTA tube. The spectrophotometer technique based on the Biolabo and Randox KIT protocols, was used to measure the cardiac and blood plasma marker molecule. In contrast, the thermoregulatory behaviours ware determined using a clinical thermometer and a stethoscope. The results showed that heart rate and respiration rate increased (P <0.05) at high ambient temperature (37 to 410C), as did High Sensitivity CRP activity, H-TFABP, Homocysteine, &#61543--Glutamyl Transpeptidase, sPLA2-IIA. Similarly, for blood plasma molecular markers (Creatinine, Creatine Kinase, Transferrin, and Soluble Transferrin Receptor (sTfR). In conclusion, specific proteins related to thermoregulation can be a marker of adaptation of Pasundan cattle to high ambient temperatures. Keywords: Thermoregulation, Cattle, Temperature Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Andi Mushawwir)

42	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-101
Diversity of Banana Germplasm Based on Morphological Characters in Gorontalo Province Aisyah Ahmad, Erwin Najamuddin, M. Fitrah Irawana Hannan, Nanang Buri, Patta Sija Assesment Institute of Agricultural Technology Gorontalo Abstract Banana is one of the most popular fruit that contains vitamins that the body needs and was available throughout the year. The purpose of this study was to determine the germplasm of banana in Gorontalo Province based on morphological characters. The research was conducted in August 2019 to February 2020 in Bone Bolango and Boalemo Regencies, which are the centers of sweet potato cultivation. The research was carried out through several stages which included initial information extraction, exploration, identification and characterization as well as collection. Initial information about the presence of local sweet potatoes was collected from the Agriculture Office at Provincial/District level, BPSB, agricultural extension officers, community leaders, and farmers. The results obtained 6 types of dominant banana^s accession, each of which has its own characteristic, ranging from small stone, unique shape, purple skin color, short tree and sweet taste with soft texture. The six banana accessions are abati, yakis, kapali, pinang, nangka and butota Keywords: accession, banana, Gorontalo Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aisyah Ahmad)

43	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-116
Qualitative Testing of Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Production in Fungi Isolated from Sugarcane Filter Cake Waste Rahmad1, Laode Asrul2, Tutik Kuswinanti2*, Yunus Musa2, Nurmiaty1 1 Departement of Estate Crops Cultivation, Pangkep State Polytechnic of Agriculture, South Sulawesi, Indonesia 2 Faculty of Agricultural Science, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia *Corresponding author: koeswinanti[at]yahoo.com Abstract Filter cake is a solid waste extracted from sugarcane roomie containing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The aim of this study is to examine the ability of fungal isolates found in filter cake waste to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes. Fungal isolates in filter cake samples are isolated, purified, and tested for their ability to produce cellulose and hemicellulase enzymes using Cpazek media (difco). Clear zone testing is carried out by giving iodine solution while ligninase enzyme testing is done using Malt Extract Agar (MEA) media. The isolation results 14 fungal isolates. The highest amount of isolates found includes 4 isolates of Trichoderma sp, 5 isolates of Aspergillus sp, 2 isolates of Penicillium sp, 2 isolates of Fusarium sp, and 1 isolate of Pleurotus sp. As many as 5 isolates produce cellulase enzymes, 5 isolates produce hemicellulase enzyme, and 3 isolates produce lingninase enzyme. Fungal isolates of Aspergillus sp7 produce the highest cellulase enzyme, fungal isolates of Aspergillus sp1 produce the highest hemicellulase enzyme, and fungal isolates of Pleurotus sp produce the highest ligninase enzyme. The results show that there are fungus isolates from filter cake waste that has the high ability to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes. Keywords: Filter cake sugarcane, isolation, qualitative, fungi, lignocellulolytic enzymes Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rahmad Rahmad)

44	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-141
Diversity and association of mycorrhizae arbuscular fungi (AMF) in landslide-impacted area Retno Prayudyaningsih (a*), Nursyamsi (a), C.Andriyani Prasetyawati (a), Heri Suryanto (a) a) Environment and Forestry Research and Development Institute of Makassar Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan km. 16, 5 Makassar 90243, Indonesia *rprayudyaningsih[at]gmail.com Abstract The lack of nutrient content, organic matter, infiltration capacity, water holding capacity, and the increasing of soil density are characteristics of landslide-impacted area. Utilization of potential soil microbes such as indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) should be used to rehabilitate the area. Therefore, diversity of AMF and its association with plant roots that colonize the land should be determined. The research location was in landslide-impacted area of Mount Bawakaraeng, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Soils and plant root samplings were carried out in 2 types of area, namely (1) upstream (Lengkese village) and (2) downstream (Spoilbank Parangloe). The results found 15 morphotypes of AMF spores including genus Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora and Glomus. The spore density of AMF was very low (1 - 13 per 100 g of soil). Most of pioneer plant that invaded the area were associated with AMF, indicated by infection rates of 19, 44 - 95, 48%. The low density of spores proves that the impact of landslides has resulted in decreased soil biological properties. Meanwhile, the AMF colonization in pioneer roots indicated the association of mycorrhizal fungi needed to help plant survival and improve the soil properties. Furthermore, landslide-impacted area can be restored and used as agriculture area Keywords: diversity, mycorrhizae, colonization, landslide, rehabilitation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Retno Prayudyaningsih)

45	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-152
Green House Gases emission of Livestock sector in East Kalimantan using Tier 1 2019 Refinement Muh Dimas Arifin (a*), Sionita Gloriana Gunawan (a), Muhammad Amin (a) a) East Kalimantan Assesment Institute for Agricultural Technology Jl PM Noor Samarinda 75119 Indonesia *muh.dimasarifin[at]outlook.com Abstract Livestock sector is one of the sectors that has significant contribution in Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG) emission especially methane CH4 and Nitrous oxide N2O. Each species has specific characteristic of of the emission. This research estimates the number of GHG emitted by livestock sector by using IPCC method and the projection of its increasing for the next 10 years. The GHG emission is calculated for each gas and its CO2 equivalent. The result shows the highest emission is contributed by Kutai Kartanegara Regency 24 % and Beef Cattle 155.14 Gg CO2e or 79%. The projection shows GHG emissions increasing to 340,4 Gg CO2-e in 2030, assuming no significant mitigation effort conducted. Keywords: Livestock, Greenhouse gas,emission, East Kalimantan Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muh Dimas Arifin)

46	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-161
Capturing community behavior towards fruit bats conservation in South Sulawesi Maulany R.I.(a*), Gautama R.D. (b), Dassir M.(a), Nasri, N.(a) a) Forest Conservation and Ecotourism Laboratory, Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin Jalan Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, Makassar (South Sulawesi) 90245 *risma.maulany[at]unhas.ac.id b) Postgraduate Program in Forestry Faculty, Universitas Hasanuddin Abstract Fruit bats have important roles in the ecosystem serving not only as pollinator agents for various high economic values plants but also acting as seed disperser for many plants in the forests. Ecosystem services provided by the bats are still overlooked while the animals also experienced intensive hunting. Lack of knowledge on the importance of the fruit bats in the ecological chain combined with poor public perception of the animals have contributed to the decline of . This research is aimed to study on knowledge, experiences, perceptions, and awareness of community on fruit bats and analyze the relationship of the four aspects towards the conservation behavior of community on fruit bats in three different regencies of South Sulawesi (Maros, Sinjai and Soppeng). In-depth interviews using questionnaire to community living nearby the roosting habitat of fruit bats were carried out to collect data on knowledge, experience, perception, awareness and conservation behavior. Correlation analysis of Spearman rank was employed to determine the relationships between variables measured with the conservation behavior of community towards fruit bats. The results showed that of 90 respondents interviewed in the three regencies have indicated differences on the level of knowledge, experience, perception, awareness, and behavior. It was found that Maros had the highest percentage related with conservation (78%) followed by Soppeng (76%) while Sinjai had the lowest (64%). Meanwhile, the analysis between all variables towards the conservation behavior had shown that there were differences between variables tested on conservation behavior occurred in the three regencies. Keywords: fruit bats- community perception- bat conservation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Risma Illa Maulany)

47	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-166
Ability of Rhizosphere Fungi Isolated from Swietenia mahagoni litter to produce organic matter-degradating Enzymes Mukrimin Mukrimin1, Gusmiaty Gusmiaty1, and Herlin Patandean1 1 Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Jln. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km. 10, 90245 Makassar, Indonesia Abstract In general, soil is inhabited by various microorganism species, including fungi, which greatly influence the plant growth. Fungi producing enzymes are very helpful in term of decomposition process. The composting process requires an activator in organic matter decompotion. To determine wheater fungi produce enzymes, it is necessary to evaluate the activity of the enzyme substrates in the fungi particularly producing cellulose, amylase, chitinase and pectinase enzymes. To assess enzyme production, those isolates were inoculated onto Czapek Dox Agar (CDA) media added with Coomasie brilliant blue (CBB) dye, as well as cellulose, starch, chitin and pectin substrates. The results of this study revealed that the genus Rhizopus and Fusarium were the most effective fungi producing cellulase, amylase, chitinase, and pectinase. This study is the first report on the fungal activities degrading organic matter isolated from S. mahagony. Keywords: Microorganisms, Fungi, Swietenia mahagoni, Decomposers, Enzymes Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (MUKRIMIN MUKRIMIN)

48	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-198
Ecological Study of Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu Rottb ver molat (Becc)) in the Natural Habitat at Malili District East Luwu South Sulawesi Hadijah Azis Karim Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Andi Djemma (UNANDA) Palopo, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia Abstract Sago palm (Metroxylon sago), a tropical plant which mostly grows naturally and distributed in Eastern Part of Indonesia (including Wallacea Zone), an ^alternative^ food source ^non rice^ which is important in the world, showing the challenges and opportunities in community. However, currently the existing of sago palm is facing threats for food security in the future due to land conversion into setllement area, dry agriculture land, and industrial area- Life cycle of sago palm is a long term periode (8 - 12 years). Moreover, sago palm adapt to fresh water swamp as a marginal land. The objective of this research were to: 1) Analyses of population structure of sago palm, 2) Regeneration potency of sago palm, 3) describe habitat characteristic of sago palm. The research was conducted in April to August 2017 at Wewangriu Village Malili District. The result of research showed that population of sago palm in natural habitat was dominated by sapling/sucker with 226 individuals, then followed by seedling was 177 individuals. The regeneration potency of sago palm was categorized Fair based on relatif density and relatif frequency. Related to habitat characteristic or microclimate conditions, the temperature was hot and dry with ranged form 28.5 oC to 30.5 oC. Hydorology parameters such as water pH was about 5.9 to 8.1. Especially soil propeties was dominated by silty clay and clay with acid condition (soil pH 6.1 - 6.4). Maintaining the existence of sago palm, it is necessary to protect and preserve it in the natural habitat. Keywords: population, regeneration potency, characteristic habitat, Malili District, sago palm. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hadijah Azis Karim)

49	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-214
Identification of Drought Level Using Normalized Difference Latent Heat Index in the South Coast of South Sulawesi Province Munajat Nursaputra(a*), Septian Perdana Putra Pahar(b), Chairil A (a) a. Laboratory of Forestry Planning and Information System, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar *munajatnursaputra[at]unhas.ac.id b. Forestry Vocational High School, Makassar Abstract One of the impacts of climate change is drought. Drought is a hydrological problem that affects survival on earth significantly. This study aims to identify drought through the approach of one of the indices related to water, namely Normalized Difference Latent Heat (NDLI). NDLI values were obtained through a multispectral Landsat OLI calculation process, namely band 3 - green, band 4 - red, and band 6 - SWIR. Each band interprets variables related to heat and water content. The coverage area of research is in the south coast of South Sulawesi Province which includes Takalar Regency, Jeneponto Regency, Bantaeng Regency, and Bulukumba Regency. The regency on the south coast of South Sulawesi Province is the region with the highest level of human activity starting from agricultural activities, ponds, industry and many other activities. NDLI values range from +1 to -1, where positive values indicate areas with good water content with latent heat and poor water content. In the south coast of South Sulawesi Province, NDLI values ranged from 0.05 to -0.71. Based Drought classification level, the level of drought on the south coast of South Sulawesi Province is near normal, moderately dry, and severely dry. Keywords: Drought, NDLI, South Coast of South Sulawesi Province Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Munajat Nursaputra)

50	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-216
Impact of Climate and Land Use Change on the Erosion of the Kelara Watershed Aril Limbong(a), Roland Barkey(a), Anwar Umar(a), Syamsu Rijal(a), Munajat Nursaputra(a), Chairil A(a) (a). Laboratory of Planning and Forestry Information System, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. Abstract South Sulawesi has been affected in recent years by natural disasters. One of the areas affected by the flood disaster is the Jeneponto District, which is included in the boundary of the Kelara Watershed ecosystem. Flood disasters are caused by extreme weather conditions that are part of the accumulation of climate change. Furthermore, the conditions of land use in the upper reaches of the Kelara watershed do not match its designation which causes an increase in the rate of erosion. Climate change analysis with projected precipitation from the CSIRO General Circulation Model Mk3.5 climate in the 2030s. The estimated land cover change in 2026 uses a combination of the Geographic Information System approach, remote sensing, and Markov Chain Cellular Automata method with Landsat images in 2006, 2011, and 2016. Prediction of erosion rates using the Universal Soil Loss Equation method. Annual rainfall of the 2030 has decreased due to a significant decrease in rainfall during the dry season (July, August, September, and October). However, there is an increase in rainfall during the rainy season, although the increase is not too great. This is a concern that the availability of water in the dry season will experience a growing deficit in the future. In 2006-2016, changes in land use were not significant. In the land-use projection for 2026, there will be significant changes in land use. The use of paddy fields has increased over a wider area, reaching 9% of the previous surface, while other land uses continue to follow the previous trend of reduction of the surface. The erosion prediction for 2016 is 299.13 tons/ha/year, while the erosion prediction for the year is 300.13 tons/ha/year. Even intense and very intense erosion classes will experience a reduction in the area of about 200 hectares in 2026. Based on this, the land is not a problem in the future, but an issue that must be prepared for its management is a drought when considering climate change conditions. Keywords: climate change- rainfall- land-use change- erosion. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Chairil A)

51	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-238
An Assessment of High Carbon Stock and High Conservation Value Approaches in Mining Area Siti Halimah Larekeng(a), Munajat Nursaputra(b*), Nasri(c), Andi Siady Hamzah(c), Andi Subhan Mustari(d), Aris Prio Ambodo(e), Yohan Lawang(e), Andri Ardiansyah(e) a). Laboratory of Biotechnology, Forestry Engginering Study Program, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia b). Laboratory of Forestry Planning and Information System, Forestry Science Study Program, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia *munajatnursaputra[at]unhas.ac.id c). Laboratory of Conservation of Forest Resources and Ecotourism, Forestry Science Study Program, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia d). Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Gowa, Indonesia e). Vale Indonesia, Sorowako, East Luwu, Indonesia Abstract The impact of forest degradation due to open-pit mining activities causes sustainable ecological damage. Mining activities that are not organized due to the mineral exploration process have resulted in many forest areas experiencing degradation. This degradation certainly reduces the level of carbon sequestration in the area, which impacts the sustainability of environmental functions around the mining area. The high carbon stock (HCS) approach is a way to help companies implement their ^no deforestation^ commitments. The high carbon stock approach will identify forests that must be protected and land that can be developed. Forests with high carbon stocks are maintained because they function as carbon stores, habitats for biodiversity, and provide the necessities of life for local communities. Therefore, this study aims to obtain data on the potential for carbon stocks and create a spatial model for the distribution of carbon content in the concession area of PT. Vale Indonesia can later be determined as high conservation value (HCV) areas using the high carbon stock approach. Measurement of carbon content in the study used an allometric equation that has been developed, then the distribution of carbon was made using the spatial vegetation index model obtained from Sentinel 2 imagery. The results showed an area of 30,526.49 (42.97%), which had high carbon stock with an average carbon stock of 106.09 ton/ha, which needed to be maintained as an area of high conservation value in the mining area of PT. Vale Indonesia. Keywords: high carbon stock, high conservation value, mining area Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Munajat Nursaputra)

52	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-239
Mapping of Energy Demand and Potential of Biofuel Development in Kelara Watershed Delwin Ipang Kartopa(a), Roland Barkey(a), Andang Suryana Soma(b), Syamsu Rijal(a), Munajat Nursaputra(a), Chairil A(a) a. Laboratory of Planning and Forestry Information System, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. b. Laboratory of Watershed Management, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. Abstract The increase in population on earth is increasing, this will stimulate the need for energy also to increase. The Indonesian Government is looking for alternative renewable energies such as Biofuels. Various types of biofuel plants have been developed, such as Nyamplung and Kemiri Sunan. These biofuel crops can also be used for land rehabilitation and reduce of carbon emissions in the Kelara watershed, which have been in critical condition. On this basis, a study on the mapping of energy needs and potential for the development of biofuel plants in the Kelara watershed. This study makes extensive use of the analysis of geographic information systems. The analysis begins with the zoning of the watershed morphology (upstream, middle, and downstream). Watershed morphology zoning in a watershed for energy demand data collection using the energy list recording method. This method represents energy use data, including the type and volume of energy use, the affordability of energy sources, the availability of energy stocks, and peoples purchasing power for energy. Also, spatial analysis of land suitability for Nyamplung and Kemiri Sunan plants as a function of biophysical conditions, as well as critical lands for biofuel energy development. Biophysical conditions include elevation factors, slope, annual precipitation, dry months, soil pH, and soil texture. Most of the people of the Kelara watershed work as farmers with the largest number of dependents of 3-5 persons/heads of households around 73.68%. The average energy needs of the community are around 396,437 kcal/day for LPG and firewood. The potential for biofuel development for the Nyamplung type is 10,130 hectares, with an area of 5,477 hectares in critical lands. The potential for the development of Kemiri Sunan biofuels 17,370 ha with an area of 3,479 ha. The future development of biofuel energy is a concept of sustainable development. Keywords: Energy Needs- Biofuels- Nyamplung- Kemiri Sunan. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Chairil A)

53	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-247
Degradation Of Carbon Stock (C) In Calculation Analysis Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions In Cocoa Plantations In South Sulawesi K Mustari (a*) L Asrul (a) I F Sultan (b) a) Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University *kahar_mustari[at]yahoo.com b) Graduate School, Hasanuddin University Abstract Cocoa as one of the most developed plantation commodities in Indonesia has a strategic position in efforts to increase carbon absorption to reduce the rate of global warming. As a woody plant, cocoa can absorb CO2 from the air and store it in the form of carbon (C) in its body (biomass). The absorption process of CO2 also affects the rate of photosynthesis in plants as the main ingredient in the breakdown of carbon in the plant body, especially cocoa. This research was conducted in Gantarangkeke District, Bantaeng Regency, South Sulawesi. Sampling was carried out by purposive sampling method on the basis of consideration of the type, density and cropping system applied. The estimation of biomass used a non-destructive method by measuring the diameter at breast height (DBH 1.3 m) and the height of the cocoa. Carbon storage in cocoa is differentiated by several plant ages, namely 5 years and 10 years. The results showed that the carbon stock in Bantaeng Regency was 27.05 tons / Ha. Keywords: CO2 gas- Carbon sequestration- Carbon deposits- Cocoa- Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Prof. Dr. Ir. Kahar Mustari, MS)

54	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-250
Potential and Regeneration of Tree Species Used as Roosting Habitat by Sulawesi Fruit Bats Acerodon celebensis in Jenetaesa, Maros Regency Rusyda Khalida Ruslan(a), Risma Illa Maulany(a)*, Nasri Nasri(a), Putu Oka Ngakan(a) 1 Laboratory of Forest Conservation and Ecotourism, Forestry Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia 90245 *E-mail : risma.maulany[at]unhas.ac.id Abstract Sulawesi fruit bat (Acerodon celebensis) is one of bat species that is endemic to Sulawesi Island. Fruit bats have many roles in the ecosystem where they act as seed dispersing agents, natural pollinating agents of flowering plants, and assist in forest regeneration. The purpose of this research is to identify tree species used as roosting habitat and their potential regenerations as roosts for A. celebensis in Jenetaesa, Maros Regency. This research was conducted for 3 months (May-July) in 2018 by firstly identifying roosting tree species on the roosting site followed by surveying potential roost trees in 230 subplots. The results showed that in an area of 11.5 ha there were 234 individuals consisted of 56 trees, 11 bamboo clumps, 72 poles, 49 saplings, and 46 seedlings in a total of 15 subplots. Regeneration of A. celebensis roosting trees in an area of 11.5 ha is classified as low with a total of only two tree species were found on every growing stages. Keywords: Acerodon celebensis, Roosting Trees, Roosting tree potential, Tree Regeneration Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Risma Illa Maulany)

55	Biodiversity and Climate Change	ABS-252
Study of Climate and Land Use Change as Considerations for Sustainable Agricultural in the Saddang Watershed Syamsu Rijal(a), Munajat Nursaputra(a), Chairil A(a), Try Ardiansah(a), Anwar Umar(a), Delwin Ipang Kartopa(a) a. Laboratory of Planning and Forestry Information System, Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University, Makassar Abstract South Sulawesi is one of the regions in Indonesia as a food producer. South Sulawesi does not only have arable land and farming communities but also supported by the availability of water sourced from the watershed. Saddang Watershed is one of the watersheds in South Sulawesi, which supplies water for agricultural land. However, the current challenge is climate change and land-use change that affect the sustainability of agricultural land. As a response, analysis starting with climate change analysis with rainfall projection using CSIRO general circulation model Mk3-6-0. Landuse change analysis using remote sensing methods with Landsat Imagery in 2000 and 2020. Landuse calculated as land condition based on erosion rate with Universal Soil Loss Equation methods. Land conditions are a necessary consideration to formulate directions for sustainable agricultural land. The results of the rainfall projection in 2040 showed an increase in rainfall. The rainfall increase occurs during the rainy season (October to January), while the decrease in rainfall occurs during the dry season (July to September). Climate change was changed farmers cropping patterns, which usually started in October. As a response, it is necessary to increase the farmers adaptation, such as selecting plant types and mitigation activities by making reservoirs as a source of water and preparing to enter the dry season. Landuse change showed there had been a significant increase in agricultural lands, such as rice fields, agricultural and plantation land. The increase of agricultural land was converted from dry land to mixed agricultural brushwood. Most of the land conditions from dry land agricultural and dryland agricultural mixed brushwood have a high erosion level. To maintain sustainable agricultural land, vegetative techniques are carried out. Vegetative techniques are useful for reducing erosion rates in the form of agroforestry, alley planting, and planting along contours. Keywords: climate change- land-use change- erosion- sustainable agricultural land Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Chairil A)

56	Crop Production and Environment	ABS-256
Improvement of Nickel Mine Pure Soil Quality Using Micorizes and Palm Oil Compose Empty Bands on The Growth of Calopogonium mucunoides Boby Dirgantara Hanafie Putra, Rismaneswati and Muh Jayadi Department of Soil Science, Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia Abstract Indonesia has abundant natural resources, one of which is nickel. Nickel production reaches 190 thousand tons / year and has 8% of the world^s nickel reserves. Sulawesi is the region with the most advanced nickel production in Indonesia. Mining activities certainly cause a total change in an ecosystem. Damage to ecosystems has an impact on decreasing function, land productivity and life associations will be lost and difficult to replace even after replanting activities have been carried out. Various ways can be done to repair the damage caused by mining, namely by planting Legum Cover Crop (LCC), providing compost for oil palm empty bunches (TKKS) and adding mycorrhizae. The plant used for planting in ex-mining land reclamation, namely Calopogonium mucunoides, is useful for protecting soil from damage due to erosion. The research objective was to examine the effect of giving OPEFB compost and mycorrhizal to improve the quality of after-nickel mining soil at PT. Vale Indonesia, Sorowako. The purpose of this research is as a source of knowledge about the effect of giving OPEFB compost and mycorrhizal on post-mining soil. The method used in the study was a randomized block design with a 2-factor factorial (F2F). The first factor consists of the OPEFB compost factor as K with a level of K1 = 0.25%, K2 = 0.37% and K3 = 0.5% of soil weight. The second factor consists of the Mycorrhizal factor as M with a level of M1 = 5 gr/pot, M2 = 10 gr/pot and M3 = 15 gr/pot. The results obtained for the application of OPEFB compost and mycorrhizal had a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, and plant dry weight. For the best growth power is on K2M2 using 0.37% OPEFB compost and 10gr/pot mycorrhizal. Keywords: Compost, Mining, Mycorrhiza, Nickel Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Boby Dirgantara Hanafie Putra)

57	Crop Production and Environment	ABS-257
The Bacterial Mixture Effect of Azotobacter and Azospirrilum on Nitrogen Content and Harvest Date of Upland Red Rice Cultivar Muhidin, Elkawakib Syamun, Kaimuddin, Yunus Musa, Gusti Ray Sadimantara, Sitti Leomo, Dewi Nurhayati Yusuf, and Tresjia Corina Rakian Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University Abstract The research aims were to analyses the effect of bacterial mixture of Azotobacter and Azospirrilum on the ^nitrogen content and harvest date of upland red rice. This research was conducted in Agriculture Farm of Agriculture Faculty in Halu Oleo University. The research arranges in a split plot design. The bacterial mixture dosage as main plot and different of cultivar as sub plot. The bacterial mixture dosage were b0 = without application bacterial mixture, b1 = Bacterial combination mixture of Azotobacter 2.5 L ha-1 + Azospirillum 2.5 L ha-1 and b2 = Bacterial combination mixture of Azotobacter 5.0 L ha-1 + Azospirillum 5.0 L ha-1. The cultivar tested were (v1) = Labandiri, (v2) = Jangkobembe, (v3) = Ranggohitam and (v4) = Paedara. This research showed that application of bacterial mixture had given the following results that has no significant effect on nitrogen leaf content, but has a significant effect on flowering time and harvesting. It found that flowering time tends to accelerate, but on harvesting-date parameters tends to be prolonged. Keywords: Azotobacter, Azospirrilum, Nitrogent Content, Upland Red Rice Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhidin Muhidin)

58	Crop Production and Environment	ABS-4
Soil Classification in Karstic Lowland of Baraja (BRA) Land System in Mangarabombang Subdistrict Takalar Regency N R Maricar1, C Lopulisa1, A Ahmad1 1 Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. Abstract Soil characteristics in Mangarabombang Subdistrict Takalar Regency, according to some expert opinions are classified as vertisols soil order but in the RePPPRot Land System Review Map it^s still classified as an inceptisols soil order, therefore more detailed research is needed regarding the soil order at that location. One of the most popular and most recent soil classification system methods used is the soil taxonomic classification system developed by the USDA 2014 which contains a variety of recent information including the addition of criteria to the sub-surface horizon of characteristics, sub orders, to the family level. This study aims to determine the types of soil at the great group level in the Baraja land system (BRA) in Mangarabombang District, Takalar Regency (According to the 2014 USDA Soil Taxonomy System). The method of determining the sample point is the transect method in Baraja land system (BRA) in Mangarabombang Subdistrict, Takalar Regency. Soil types formed in the Baraja land system (BRA) on the karstic lowland in Mangarabombang Subdistrict Takalar Regency has including in the vertisols soil order. Keywords: Soil, classification, baraja (BRA), land system Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nabilah Rizkiputri Maricar)

59	Crop Production and Environment	ABS-261
The Risk of Arabica Coffee Farming In Enrekang, South of Sulawesi Syahruni Thamrin (a*), Junaedi (a) and Sulaeha Sulaeha (b) a) Pangkep State Polytechnic of Agriculture, Manddale, Pangkep, South of Sulawesi, Indonesia. *syahruni_thamrin[at]polipangkep.ac.id b) Departement Plant Pest and Desease, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM.10 Tamalanrea, Makassar, Indonesia. Abstract Abstract This study aims to determine the risks faced by Arabica coffee farmers and the factors that influence them. The site selection was carried out by purposive sampling, and two villages were selected in Enrekang Regency, South Sulawesi. The sample size of the study was 100 farmers, taken by random sampling and using the interview method and field visits. The results of the study using the coefficient of variance showed that the average value variability in the risk of Arabica coffee production was 0.407 or 40.7%. Factors that influence production risk are estimated by the Least Square Method, and the results show that the production factors of Urea and SP36 fertilizers are risk inducing, while KCl fertilizer and manure are risk reducing. The price of urea fertilizer and the price of pesticides are risk inducing. Keywords: Arabica coffee farming, risk, coefficient of variance Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sulaeha Sulaeha)

60	Crop Production and Environment	ABS-6
Analysis of Soil Characteristics and Classification from Order Category to Family in Makale District Ainun Wulandari, Christianto Lopulisa, Asmita Ahmad Department of Soil Science Email: lopulisachristianto[at]gmail.com Abstract Makale with hilly and mountainous areas in Tana Toraja Regency provides high agricultural productivity so that soil as a medium for growing plants is one aspect that needs attention. Minerals influence the physical and chemical properties of the soil because they are the main constituent of the soil, so that the characteristics and types of soil will be vary. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of soil based on toposequences and catenasequences from order to family category in Makale district, Tana Toraja regency according to soil taxonomy in 2014. The method used was toposequences and catenasequences in one transect. Soil physical and chemical analysis including- soil color, texture, bulk density, C-organic, CEC, K, Na, Ca, and Mg. Analysis of soil minerals using the Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) method. The results showed that the soil types found in Makale district were Lithic Udorthents, Typic Udorthents, Typic Haplohumults, Oxic Dystrudepts, Typic Eutrudepts, and Dystric Eutrudepts. The dominant clay minerals are Monmorillonite in profiles 1 and 2, kaolinite in profiles 3 and 5, chlorite and quartz in profiles 4 and 6. Keywords: Makale, topography, clay mineral, parent material Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ainun Wulandari)

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