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151	Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development	ABS-193
Characteristics of Instant Corn Rice from Three Varieties of Corn Payung Layuk, Herlina Salamba, Meivie Lintang North Sulawesi Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology Abstract This study aimed to assess the process of corn kernels into instant corn rice. Corn kernels are ground into pregelatinized grits by churning for 25 minutes at a temperature of 85-93 0C with a ratio of grits and water (1: 4) and then dried to become instant corn rice. The results showed that pregelatinized had an effect on yield and product characteristics such as cooking time, density of kamba, porosity and level of development. Of the three varieties studied, namely Srikandi Kuning, Provit A and Manado Kuning, the highest yield of instant corn rice was Manado Kuning at 78%. Cooking time ranges from 7-10 minutes and the development rate is 110-130%. Keywords: Corn, Grits, Instant Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Payung Layuk)

152	Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development	ABS-196
The Effect of Encapsulant Type on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Anthocyanin Extract Powder from Red Dragon Fruit Hylocereus polyrhizus Zainal (a*), Amran Laga (b), Heriadi (c) a) Laboratory of Food Analysis Chemistry and Quality Control, Food Science and Technology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia *zainal[at]unhas.ac.id b) Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Food Science and Technology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia c) Master student of Food Science Technology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, South Sulawesi, Indonesia Abstract Anthocyanin pigment extract from red dragon fruit has the potential to be a natural dye for food and can be used as an alternative to synthetic dyes that are safer for health. Anthocyanins are unstable and easily degraded during processing and storage due to the influence of heat, pH, light, and oxygen. This problem can be overcome by making anthocyanin coloring powders with encapsulation techniques. This study aims to determine the effect of the type of encapsulant on the physical and chemical characteristics of anthocyanin extract powder from red dragon fruit. The encapsulation process of anthocyanin pigment extract uses the freeze-drying method with the addition of maltodextrin, gum arabic, and a combination of maltodextrin and gum arabic as an encapsulant. The parameters of the physical and chemical characteristics of the anthocyanin extract powder analyzed were water content, solubility, color intensity, total anthocyanin content, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the anthocyanin extract powder encapsulated using the freeze-drying method obtained the best results using maltodextrin encapsulants with the results of the test parameters water content of 5.96%, the solubility of 94.00%, the color intensity of 0.304, total anthocyanin content 31.17 mgCyE/g, and 84.60% antioxidant activity. Keywords: Anthocyanin- Encapsulant-Maltodextrin- Gum Arabic- Hylocereus polyrhizus Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Heriadi Heriadi)

153	Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development	ABS-208
Combination of Canvas Business Model and Blue Ocean Strategy in developing SMEs Pala Morella Juice Agung K. Henaulu1, Sony Ardian2, Achmad Jais Ely3 1,2 Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Darussalam Ambon, Ambon, 97128, Indonsesia 3 Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Maluku, Ambon, 97233, Indonesia Abstract Abstract. This study aims to formulate and determine business strategies in an effort to develop SMEs Pala Morella Juice. With the abundance of nutmeg plantations in Leihitu District, especially in Morella Village, it is a good business opportunity to operated. There have been several types of the same business using products with the main ingredient being nutmeg, making the Tomasiwa Village Unit Cooperative as the main manager of the Pala Morella Juice products need to prepare careful planning to maintain market conditions. Canvas Business Model (CBM) as a tool that can be applied to restructure business planning. While, the Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) is the right business strategy in mapping out competition. The results showed that Pala Morella Juice needed to plan back its business, among others- 1) making derivatives from nutmeg juice such as jam 35.7% of the respondents are very necessary, 50.1% of the statements really need to be made, and 37.5% of the respondents stated that it is very necessary to produce nutmeg syrup- 2) variations in the taste of nutmeg juice, there are 42.9% of respondents stated that it really needs to be produced- 3) Ease of sales information must be reviewed, there are 75% of respondents stated that managers must provide sales information services, do not expect consumers to notify other potential customers- 4) Discounts of 28.6% of respondents stated that it is very necessary if the mass sales process (in large quantities). 5) 43.3% of respondents stated that they needed to make other packages such as glass bottles- and 6) Reduce the use of natural preservatives as many as 34.8% of respondents said it is very necessary. Keywords: Blue Ocean Strategy, Canvas Business Model, Nutmeg Juice Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Agung K. Henaulu)

154	Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development	ABS-219
Utilization of gadung flour as a Basic Material for Making Instant Noodles with the Addition of Soybean Flour as a Source of Protein A.Khairun(a*), Abu Bakar Tawali(b), Meta Mahendratta(b), Nurpratiwi R.(c), M.Darmawan(d) (a)Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorontalo University *andikhairunmutia[at]gmail.com (b)Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University (c)Departement of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ichsan Gorontalo University (d)Department Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ichsan Gorontalo University Abstract Indonesia is a country that has a high level of consumption of wheat flour-based food products, but does not yet have the ability to produce national wheat flour to meet total demand so that the government relies heavily on wheat from abroad. One of the products made from flour wheat flour is instant noodles. Dependence on wheat flour can be reduced by utilizing local foodstuffs that come from Indonesia. One of the local ingredients that can be used as a substitute for wheat flour is the gadung tuber. Gadung tuber is one of the tubers that are widely available and grows wild in Gorontalo Province. This tuber also has no season for its growing period. This study aims to produce food products in the form of instant noodles which have high nutritional content and are accepted by consumers. Formulas made with adding several other sources of nutrition to obtain instant noodle products with value high nutrition. This study was designed using a completely randomized design with the treatment of gadung tubers, namely A1 = 240 gr of gadung tuber flour + 10 gr of soybean flour, A2 = 230 gr of gadung tuber flour + 20 gr of soybean flour, A3 = 220 gr of gadung tuber flour + 30 gr. soy flour and A4 = 210 gr gadung tuber flour + 40 gr soybean flour, each treatment was repeated 3 times. The results showed that instant noodles with A4 treatment with 210 grams of gadung tuber flour and 40 grams of soybean flour had the best characteristics with water content of 10.54%, protein content of 9.14%, ash content of 0.37%, carbohydrate content of 68, 15% and HCn at 7.6 ppm. Keywords: gadung flour, instan noodle, soybean flour, HCn Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (KHAIRUN MUTIA)

155	Genetically Modified Foods, Food Safety, and Product Development	ABS-241
The effect of the use of perkamen paper packaging on the shelf life estimation of bolu cukke using the Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) method Rindam Latief (a*) Esy Safitry (b) a) Lecture of Food Science and Technology, Hasanuddin University. Kompleks Perumahan Dosen UNHAS Blok AC Baru No.14B Tamalanrea, Makassar, 90245 *rindamias04[at]yahoo.com b) Graduates of Food Science and Technology, Hasanuddin University. BTP Blok AF No.34, Tamalanrea Makassar Abstract Abstract. Bolu Cukke(gouged cake)is one of the traditional Buginesse food which is easily found in several areas of Sulawesi, especially in South Sulawesi. Bolu Cukke is sweet in taste and soft in texture.However, due to the absence of its expiration date,the cake is considered lack in thefood safety level and quality assurance.This study aims to estimate the shelf life of palm sugar Bolu Cukke packaged in parchment paper using the Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) method.The critical water content parameters in Bolu Cukke are its aroma and its texture.The equilibrium moisture content was obtained from six types of saturated salt solution in the humidity chamber with 7-84% RH. Isothermal sorption curves are obtained by plotting Aw with equilibrium moisture content (Me) which would be tested using five isothermal sorption equation designs to obtain the Mean Relative Deviation (MRD) value. The lowest MRD value is 9.2 obtained from Hasley^s Isothermal equation design. All variables were then collected using the Labuza equation. The results of this study indicated that the estimation of shelf life of Bolu Cukke products in the parchment paper packaging at 30o C with 78% RH is approximately 7 days. Keywords: Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT), Cukke Cake, Parchment paper, Labuza Shelf Life. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ir. Rindam Latief, MS)

156	Geospatial Agriculture	ABS-5
Land suitability for maize on the land system of Baraja in the Karstic low land R J K Lau, R neswati and C Lopulisa Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Univeritas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km.10, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia. Abstract Mangarabombang district is the lowest maize producer in the Takalar Regency, which is located in the karstic low land. In addition to being used as forage, maize also can be used as fuel. This study aims to present data and information related to the evaluation of land suitability for maize and to find alternative solutions to the problem of limiting factors to increase and optimize maize production. The method used is a parametric approach by Khiddir method and a matching approach. In the parametric approach, each land characteristic will be given a rating (weight) according to the plant growth requirements, while in the limiting approach, the heaviest limiting level will be selected as a limiting factor. Keywords: maize, low land, land sutability Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rihul Jannah KL)

157	Geospatial Agriculture	ABS-12
Potential landslide-prone areas in the kelara sub watershed using the analytical hierarchy process method N Amin, S A Lias, and A Ahmad Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia Abstract Landslides are one of the geomorphological processes that are active in changing the shape of the earth^s surface. Landslides have an impact on life and the environment. This research will map the potential landslide-prone areas in the Kelara Sub Watershed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The method used in this research is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and the spatial analysis method. The potential for landslide-prone areas in the Kelara Sub Watershed has three potentials or levels of landslide vulnerability, namely low (2939,28 ha) (32,72%), medium (3082,78 ha) (34,32%), and high (2961,55 ha) (32,96%). Parameters that influence the occurrence of landslides in the Kelara Sub Watershed are slope parameters with a weight of 0,30 or a score of 30%. Keywords: Landslide, AHP, level of vulnerability Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nurul Amin)

158	Geospatial Agriculture	ABS-14
Mapping of landslide prone areas as a basis for mitigation in Mungkajang sub-district, Palopo city, South Sulawesi F H Priyono, Z Chairuddin, and S A Lias Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. Abstract Mitigation is an initial step to minimize landslides effect. The purpose of this study is landslide prone areas map and to identify factors that have a major influence on landslide events. The research was conducted with survey methods and quantitative descriptive analysis using landslide susceptibility methods with parameters: rainfall, slope, geology, soil depth, and management. The analysis used is an overlay of the parameters and weighting. The results showed areas with vulnerability classes- 1) not vulnerable at 7.29% 2) slightly vulnerable 0.04% 3) somewhat vulnerable 82.74%, 4) vulnerable 9.74% and 5) very vulnerable 0.18%. Parameters that have a big influence on the incidence of landslides in Palopo city are rainfall, slopes, land use and geology. Mitigation efforts that can be done are socialization of landslide-prone areas. Establishment of disaster resilient villages that are responsive and can minimize disaster risk. Keywords: Mitigation, Palopo, Landslide Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Firly Hamdan Priyono)

159	Geospatial Agriculture	ABS-16
Mapping of Landslide Prone Areas in the Lisu River Basin Barru Regency Based on Binary Logistic Regression IMAM GAZALI SUDARMAN and ASMITA AHMAD. DEPARTEMEN ILMU TANAH FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN Abstract Barru Regency Government once issued an emergency response status for floods and landslides on December 28, 2018. According data from the Barru Regency Regional Disaster Management Agency, from 2013 to 2019 there were always landslides in the Districts of Tanete Riaja, Pujananting, Tanete Rilau, and Barru. This area is included in the Lisu Watershed. This will produce a map of the distribution of landslide prone areas in the Lisu watershed. This study uses Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) and NDVI (Normalized difference vegetation index) analysis. The data used are landslide points, soil types, lithology, slopes, land use, rainfall, soil texture, and distance from the river. 137 landslide points were recorded that were successfully obtained through field surveys and NDVI image analysis. The research area has a type B climate according to the Schmidth-Ferguson classification system. The variables of rainfall, land use class, lithology type, and slope class have a significant effect on regression modeling with significance values of 0.042, 0.000, 0.003, and 0.000 respectively. Variables of rainfall, distance from the river, slope class, lithology type, and land use class have a significant effect on regression modeling. Landslides occur on slopes from a rather steep to very steep slopes. A total of 60 landslides occurred in the Camba Formation. A total of 93 landslides occurred in the scrub land use class. Landslide prone areas with a slightly hazardous class covering an area of 4386 hectares, 4031 hectares of prone, and 4275 hectares of very prone areas which are generally scattered in the southern region of the Lisu River Basin. Keywords: Landslide, Binary Logistic Regression, Lisu Watershed, Barru Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Imam Gazali Sudarman)

160	Geospatial Agriculture	ABS-273
The Potential of Sago As A Local Food Ingredient to Support Food Security in South Konawe Dewi Nurhayati Yusuf, Asniah, Muhidin and Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University. Abstract Southeast Sulawesi is one of Indonesia^s regions with several specific plants, including the sago plant. Sago is a portion of typical food for people in Southeast Sulawesi, especially in mainland areas such as Konawe, Konawe Selatan, Konawe Utara, Kolaka, and Kolaka Timur. In Southeast Sulawesi, the sago plantation area has decreased sharply from the original site of 13,706 hectares to around 5,912 hectares. The depreciation of the sago planting area is thought to have been caused by converting land use from sago to rice fields, settlements, and other benefits. Although sago has many uses and advantages and can support and support food security, it faces severe problems in its cultivation due to narrowing the sago planting area and decreasing its production potential. This study aims to identify the distribution of the potential regions for sago growth in Konawe Selatan Regency through spatial analysis techniques for land cover using Landsat-8 satellite imagery. From the results of spatial analysis, it was found that there is a potential sago plantation area to be developed in Konawe Selatan Regency, which reaches 5,873 ha. The largest site of sago is in North Moramo, Benua, Anggata, and Andolo Barat Districts. This area is the main center for sago processing in Konawe Selatan Regency. Keywords: Sago, spatial analysis, Konawe Selatan Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati)

161	Geospatial Agriculture	ABS-19
Modification of Land Requirements (Soil and Climate) for Specific Growth of Pepper (Piper nigrum L) In East Luwu Regency M S Rusmin, C Lopulisa, and Rismaneswati 1 Departement of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia. Abstract Keywords: land suitability criteria, land characteristics, pepper, specific location, East Luwu Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Meisi Sasmita Rusmin)

162	Geospatial Agriculture	ABS-22
Analysis of Land Productivity based on Soil Fertility in Cocoa Plantation Anni Nur Rafiqah, Burhanuddin Rasyid, Rismaneswati Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, UniversitasHasanuddin, Makasssar, 90245, Indonesia. Laboratory of Chemical and Soil Fertility, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makasssar, 90245, Indonesia. Abstract Abstract. Potential areas for the development of certain commodities can be determined by using the index value of land productivity. This study aims to analyze the land productivity of Campalagian District based on the level of soil fertility for the development of cocoa plants. The quantitative research method uses the Storie equation in determining the value of land productivity index. Determination of observation points based on purposive sampling method. Soil properties determined in the field and in the laboratory, including: slope, effective depth, texture, pH, C-Organic, N-Total, P2O5, CEC, and the number of interchangeable bases. The results of the analysis of the land productivity index of Campalagian Subdistrict are classified as bad to good, with land productivity index values ranging from 13.89 to 51.37, with limiting factors namely slope, effective depth, texture, C-Organic, and N-Total. Keywords: Keywords: land productivity index, cocoa, Campalagian District, Storie Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Anni Nur Rafiqah)

163	Geospatial Agriculture	ABS-283
Existence of paddy fields in Makassar city as a part of green open space: Ecological perspective on urban farming CWB Yanti12 , A Ala2, NE Dungga2, S Arif3 1Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia. 2Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia. 3Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia. Abstract Paddy fields are part of urban green open space which is now rarely found in big cities because it has been converted into built-up land. This study aims to study the existence of paddy fields in Makassar City in 2019 and to review their ecological function in CO2 absorption. Spatial analysis using the GIS method was used to map paddy fields that are still productive in 2019 in Makassar City. Analysis of CO2 uptake from the rice cultivation in this urban paddy fields was carried out using allometric equations. Mapping results show that recently, there are 1,461.47 hectares of paddy fields in Makassar City. These paddy fields are spread across seven districts, namely Tamalate, Rappocini, Tallo, Panakukkang, Manggala, Biringkanaya and Tamalanrea. Makassar City must provide a minimum of 5,273 ha of green open space. The existence of this paddy field contributes about 8.31% of the total minimum required green open space (30%) for Makassar City. The paddy fields in Makassar City, planted with rice as much as one to two times a year, will be able to absorb CO2 in the range of 5,766.38 to 10,154 tons per year. Thus, the existence of paddy fields in urban areas needs to be maintained to improve the quality of the urban environment Keywords: paddy fields, urban green open space, CO2 absorption Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Cri Wahyuni Brahmi Yanti)

164	Geospatial Agriculture	ABS-289
Low-Altitude Drone Based Imagery for Rice Productivity Estimation Daniel Useng (a*), Christaldo W (a), Salengke (a) a) Dept. od Agric. Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia *) daniel.useng[at]agri.unhas.ac.id Abstract As the staple food of many countries in the world, rice paddy have been grown in many regions with different climatic and environmental conditions. The major problem in rice growing in tropical regions is the productivity that considered low compared to the potential yiels expected. This problem is due to many regulating factors such as low input of fertilizers and pest and diseases infestations. Monitoring the crop conditions during the planting seasons can be used to estimate the potential yield expected at the end of the season. Crop imaging using the conventional camera (RGB) offer an important tools in precicting the crop conditions as well as the potetential yield of the crop. This research using the drone based imagery to monitor the ricecrop condition to predict the croop yield during the rainy season (August-November) in South Sulawesi - Indonesia. The crop yield is predicted using some vegetation indices (VI) developed based on the digital numbers of RGB images. The result shows that some Vegetation Indices such as RGBVI (Red Green Blue Vegetation Index) and ExG (Excess Green)and others shows good correlations with crop yields especially on the images acquired around the maximum growth of the crop, i.e at 75 days after planting. Keywords: Drone, Rice, Vegetation Index, RGB image Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Daniel Useng)

165	Geospatial Agriculture	ABS-295
Land Use Conflict of Lands in the National Strategic Area of Mamminasata Scope of the Region of Maros District A M Putra, Z Chairuddin, S Baja Department of Soil Science , Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia. Abstract The increase in population has resulted in struggles for the use of space or land in strategic areas, such as what happened in Maros Regency in the Makassar, Maros, Sungguminasa, and Takalar National Strategic Areas (KSN Mamminasata). This study aims to identify existing rice fields in Maros Regency based on spatial data, map existing rice fields in Maros Regency that have the potential to change functions, assess potential conflicts in rice fields use in Maros Regency. The rice field land use map which is the basis of this study is interpreted and overlaid with the spatial pattern map of the RTRW of Maros Regency and the spatial pattern map is overlapped with the zoning map of sustainable agricultural food land (LP2B) to get an overview of potential land use conflicts that can occur and find potential conflicts in the government regulatory sector. From these maps, a field review was conducted to determine the actual conditions of land use as well as interviews with farmers using a purposive sampling questionnaire method to determine land use preferences for the land they currently manage. Data from the results of questionnaires and field reviews are then tabulated in typology to describe the distribution of potential land use conflicts. The results showed that the existing rice fields in Maros Regency were spread over twelve sub-districts that were included in the Mamminasata KSN with an area of 23,736.39 ha. There are 207.26 ha of rice fields located in residential areas that are included in the LP2B and LCP2B zoning. Owners of paddy fields whose land is located in residential areas have different preferences for the use of their land, so that spatial pattern directions cannot be fully implemented. Keywords: Land use, Conflict, Mamminasata, Maros Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (andika mandala putra)

166	Geospatial Agriculture	ABS-183
STRATEGIC ACTIONS PLANNING TO ENHANCE SUSTAINABLE SHALLOT PRODUCTION BASED ON LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS AND SPECIFIC AGRONOMIC PRACTICES IN SAMOSIR REGENCY Delima Napitupulu, Sri Endah Nurzannah and Deddy Romulo Siagian Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of North Sumatera Abstract Samosir Regency is one of the highest regency of shallot producers in North Sumatera Province. Approximately 255 ha of its harvested area produces 1,976.8 ton or contributes 12.1% for provincial level. The increase of consumption and industrial demand force regencial government to raise shallot production. On the other side, the two critical information about land suitability and agronomic practices for shallot were limited. Thus, this study was arranged to determine some strategic actions planning based on land suitability analysis and some specific agronomic practices for developing sustainable shallot production. The field survey and soil analysis were conducted to gain the goals by supporting of Geographical Information System (GIS) and Evaluation System of Land Suitability tools. The results show that about 47,789 ha (38.65%) of Samosir Regency suitable for shallot which is grouped in S3 level (Low Suitable)- with some limiting factors such as nutrient retention, nutrient availability, and erosion hazard. While, about 75,839 ha (61.35%) of the rest area was grouped in N level (Not Suitable) means grouped as an unproductive area for shallot growth- with some limited factors such as root crop and erosion hazard. Some strategic actions to improve the land quality are giving organic and chemical fertilizer, applying agricultural lime to stabilize soil pH and increase Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), and doing conservation technique on the steep area by building terrace. Furthermore, information about the specific agronomic practices for shallot, starting from seedling treatment to harvesting process, is disseminated as well. These promising strategies can be used to achieve sustainable shallot production in Samosir Regency. Keywords: land suitability, gis, agronomic practices, shallot, samosir regency Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Deddy Romulo Siagian)

167	Geospatial Agriculture	ABS-187
Predicting the impact of land-use changes on soil erosion rates in three small sub-catchments of Larona Catchment Mahmud Achmad (a), Samsuar (a), Mahatma Lanuru (b), Husnul Mubarak (a) (a)Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Agriculture, UNHAS, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia (b) Department of Marine Science Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, UNHAS, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia Abstract This study aims to predict the amount of soil erosion in the three sub-catchments of Larona Catchment which are Larona, Balambano, and Karebbe sub-catchments. The USLE method is used to predict soil erosion rates in the year of 2009 and 2015 by using rainfall data of 13 rainfall stations, soil maps, DEM data for generating LS factors, Landsat 8 Images, and land use maps to create CP factors. Four thematic maps (R, K, LS, and CP) were overlaid and clustered using ArcGIS 10.4. The results show that soil erosion rates in the period of 6 years have change in the three sub-catchments. Erosion rate in Larona sub-catchment slightly increased from 43.092 tons in 2009 to 50.982 tons in 2015. In Balambano and Karebbe sub-catchments, the value of erosion rate increased dramatically during the period. Total erosion for both sub-catchments in 2015 become 5 to 7 times of the total erosion in the year of 2009. The increased sediment yields in the three cascade-reservoirs in Larona Catchment were caused by the change of land-use and land cover which are mostly the result of increasing agricultural activities and not only as a result of mining development. Keywords: land-use change, Larona Catchment, soil erosion, USLE Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mahmud Achmad)

168	Geospatial Agriculture	ABS-213
The Use of Phenology Attributes Derived from PROBA-V 100m NDVI Imagery in Mapping of Peanut Crops Haerani haerani (a*), Armando Apan (b), Badri Basnet (b) a) Agricultural Engineering Department, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan km. 10, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia *Email: haerani[at]agri.unhas.ac.id b) School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, Australia Abstract Mapping of peanut crops will support the estimation of their production in securing the market stability of this commodity. Advances in recent development of satellite technologies provide many benefits for crop area estimation, especially in terms of capturing changes over time in a particular area, reducing cost, and increasing time effectiveness. PROBA-V satellite has a spatial resolution of 100m, which is an intermediary spatial resolution between high spatial resolution imagery (e.g. 30m resolution of Landsat) and low spatial resolution imagery (e.g. 250m resolution of MODIS). Each crop has its unique phenology which describes crop^s development stages over the growth period. Time-series data has the ability to capture this crop phenology, which is useful in discriminating crops with similar spectral behavior. With a study area in South Burnett, Queensland, Australia, the objective of this study was to examine the use of phenology attributes derived from PROBA-V 100m NDVI imagery in classifying peanut crops. The phenological parameters of PROBA-V NDVI time-series dataset was produced by employing TIMESAT program. The parameters were classified using Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC), Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), and Minimum Distance Classification (Min) algorithms. The study results show that MLC outperformed other algorithms, with overall accuracy of 79.53%. In general, MLC algorithm also gave good results of producer and user accuracies of each classified class, i.e. >70%, except for mungbean class which had a producer accuracy of 52%. In relation to peanut class, all classification algorithms provide good results of producer and user accuracies, i.e. >75%. The highest producer accuracy of peanut class was provided by MLC, i.e. 87.93%, while the highest user accuracy of peanut class was provided by SAM, i.e. 90.91%. This study has successfully mapped peanut crops by using phenology attributes derived from PROBA-V imagery. Keywords: PROBA-V, crop mapping, phenology, time-series, peanuts Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Haerani Haerani)

169	Geospatial Agriculture	ABS-217
Correlation image drone of palm oil distribution with the potential of CO2 uptake PT. Unggul Widya Teknologi Lestari Pasangkayu Regency, West Sulawesi Golindira Randa(a*), Laode Asrul (b), Rafiuddin (a) a) Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia b) Graduate School, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia Abstract The potential for CO2 uptake in oil palm which is supported by the presence of solar radiation reception space can support the photosynthesis process to take place properly. This study aims to show the correlation between the results of identifying the distribution of oil palm through aerial photographs, namely drones and the potential for CO2 absorption. The potential for CO2 uptake in oil palms for five samples of planting years is viewed from the aspect of canopy projection space density, cropping patterns and spacing. In general, the five samples of oil palm planting years apply a triangular cropping pattern with a spacing of 9 m x 9 m. The canopy projection for the 2017 planting year, it shows that oil palm plants are still at a distance from one another because the canopy is still short, in the 2011 planting year it shows the canopy projection that has touched each other but there is still room for receiving solar radiation that can occur evenly so that between the two planting years This CO2 potential uptake more dominant comes from the atmosphere. Oil palms in the planting years 2005, 2003 and 1997 show a mutually contrasting canopy projection between the oil palms so that even though the space for receiving solar radiation is small, the potential for CO2 uptake is greater because apart from being obtained from the atmosphere, it can also be obtained from understorey plants and organs decomposed plants. Based on this study concluded that the higher the density of the distribution of palm oil makes large the potential uptake of CO2 emissions. It is hoped that the identification of the potential for CO2 absorption in oil palm can use a multi-spectral drone as an aerial photo facility. Keywords: Oil palm, uptake of CO2, drones Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Golindira Randa)

170	Geospatial Agriculture	ABS-237
Arabica coffee land suitability with a parametric approach based on square root Nirmala Juita (a), Ifayanti Ridwan (b), Rihul Jannah KL(a), A Asri Mulyani Parahyanti (a) (a)* Department of soil science, faculty of agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin. Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan km.10, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia (b)* Department of Agronomy, faculty of agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin. Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan km.10, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia Abstract Arabica coffee is one of the most popular drinks by people in various countries. Coffee production is able to become a source of state income, especially Arabica coffee which has good export competitiveness. Therefore, an assessment of the suitability of land, especially Arabica coffee, needs to be carried out to estimate the extent to which land in Bantaeng Regency is suitable for Arabica coffee plants. The method used in this land suitability assessment is square root. Determination of the research location point is based on land use, especially coffee plants. The results showed that the land suitability class at all profile observation points was N1 (not suitable at this time) with the factors of soil depth, soil pH, calcium carbonate and salinity. The limiting factor for soil depth is difficult to repair, while the soil pH which is so high due to the presence of calcium carbonate which is also high enough for Arabica coffee can be repaired by providing sulfur. Salinity improvement efforts can be made by reclamation. Keywords: arabica, coffee, square root, bantaeng Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nirmala Juita)

171	Integrated Pest and Disease Management	ABS-260
The Strength Of Xylosandrus Compactus (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae, Scolytinae), Attack Arabica Coffee Variety Side Grafting Robusta In The Dry Season Sulaeha Sulaeha (a*), Nurariaty Agus (a), Musdalifah (a), Syahruni Thamrin (b), and Melina Melina (a) a) Deptement Plant Pest and Desease, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM.10 Tamalanrea, Makassar, Indonesia. sulaeha_t[at]yahoo.com b) Pangkep State Polytechnic of Agriculture, Manddale, Pangkep, South of Sulawesi, Indonesia Abstract The black twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is one of the few ambrosia beetles that infest healthy plants is a serious pest of coffee. The objective of this study is to determine the intensity of X.compact attacks during the dry season. The results of the analysis of the intensity of the coffee branch borer (X.s compactus) attack on coffee plants in Bonto Tenga village, Sinjai Borong sub-district, Sinjai district were included in the mild category valued at 9.68%, however, the area of the pest attack was quite high at 41.67%. so that if this pest is not suppressed it can cause high yield loss and even the coffee plant cannot grow again due to serious attacks. The mean number of holes drilled per observation was 0.52 and the mean length was X. compact,0.91 cm. That pest attack intensity which is included in this mild category can be caused by several factors, namely humidity and rainfall, shade plants, differences in clones (genetic factors), and the application of side grafting technology. Keywords: Holes drilled, side grafting technology, The black twig borer, Xylosandrus compactus Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sulaeha Sulaeha)

172	Integrated Pest and Disease Management	ABS-262
Foliar application of biosilica fertilizer reduces fall armywarm damage and increased maize production Evawaty S. Ulina, Vina D. Manurung, Muainah Hasibuan, and Lely Z. Nasution North Sumatra Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology, IAARD, Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia Abstract The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, is a new main pest in Indonesian corn plantation. The considerable economic losses caused by this pest, farmers always using chemical insecticides to control them. Since chemical pesticide have several side effects, it is necessary to develop another alternative to FAW management. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of biosilica fertilizer against FAW incidence, damage in corn plants, and its effect on maize production. A factorial experiment was arranged in two factors, first factor was biosilica doses with varied doses of 1, 2, and 3 l/ha- second factor was number of application at 1, 2, and 3 times. The results demonstrated that application of biosilica fertilizer 2 - 3 l/ha as foliar spray three times starting from 10 days after growing reduced the fall armyworm infestation significantly as compared to control treatment. No significant differences were observed in the vegetative characteristics of corn plants, i.e height and number of leaves, in response to doses and application number of biosilica. Applicatio of biosilica 2 - 3 l/ha improved the yield attributing characters of corn plant and increased the production as compared to other treatments including control treatment. We conclude that biosilica fertilizer can used as an alternative for FAW management. Keywords: Spodoptera frugiperda, Zea mays, silicon Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Evawaty Sri Ulina)

173	Integrated Pest and Disease Management	ABS-263
The Response of Interest of Fruit Flies Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) to the Methanol Fraction of the Bioactive Compounds of the Cucurbit Plant. Sulaeha Sulaeha (a*), Arinana Arinana (b), Yani Maharani (c) and Murni Indarwatmi (d) a) Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis kemerdekaan KM. 10 Tamalanrea, Makassar, South of Sulawesi, Indonesia *) sulaeha_t[at]yahoo.com b) Faculty of Forestry and Enviromental, IPB University, Bogor, 16680,West Jawa, Indonesia c) Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjajaran (UNPAD) , jl-. Raya Bandung-Sumedang, 21 KM, Jatinangor, Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia d) Center for Isotope and Radiation Application, National Nuclear Energy Agency. Jl. Lebak Bulus Raya no 49 Lebak Bulus, Jakarta 12440, Indonesia Abstract Abstract Plant semiochemicals play an important role in the search process and host acceptance by insects. The presence of complex volatiles in plants may be used for the purpose of integrated pest management. The objective of this study was to detect the response of Zeugodacus cucurbitae fruit flies of different ages to the chemical compounds of host plants using methanol as a solvent. The results showed that the olfactometer test on the response of Z. cucurbitae fruit fly attraction to plant bioactive compounds through the Methanol fraction, the fastest and longest response was found in the methanol fraction of leaves and bitter melon fruit 23 minutes 2 seconds and the lowest was in the methanol fraction of cucumber leaves 14 minutes 24 seconds. The attraction response was based on the age of the females of the fruit fly aged 1-2 days, females aged 8-10 days after copulation, and females after egg-laying. The highest response of interest in the olfactometer was found in female fruit flies aged 8-10 days (post-copulation and pre-oviposition) on luffa, bitter guard and cucumber plants. Keywords: bioactive compound, Olfactometers, volatile, Zeugodacus cucurbitae Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sulaeha Sulaeha)

174	Integrated Pest and Disease Management	ABS-269
Arthropod Diversity and Population of Corn Stem Borer Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee in Maize Zea mays L. Endophytes I D Daud, Fatahuddin, Melina, A S Hadiwijaya, Ardianto Department of Plants Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90245, Indonesia Abstract Corn Zea mays L. is a strategic commodity that plays an important role in the development of agriculture and the Indonesian economy because corn has a multipurpose function that can be used for food and feed purposes. Obstacles in maize cultivation that cause low maize productivity include the attack of pests by plant pests. The use of entomopathogenic fungi as endophytes is an alternative to chemical insecticides but can also be used to increase or decrease the use of fertilizers. The research has been carried out at the Department of Food Crops and Horticulture Agriculture, Bontomarannu District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi, and the Laboratorium of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University. Observation of larvae population of O. furnacalis was started when the plant was 35 days after planting (DAP) by observing the presence of grinding marks on the leaves and stalks of corn. The larvae found in the field are reared in the laboratory. Arthropod exploration in the field used 4 methods, namely visual observation, pitfall traps, yellow traps and using nets.The results obtained in this study were the arthropods found in the land of endophytic maize using the pitfall trap method, found as many as 48 insects. Using a net, 150 insects were found. Using the yellow trap, 243 insects were found and with visual observation found as many as 95 insects. The number of larvae of O. furnacalis infected with the fungus B. bassiana in corn female parents was 20 with an infection percentage of 83.3% and 11 male parents with an infection percentage of 91.7%. Keywords: arthropods, maize, Ostrinia furnacalis, Beauveria bassiana Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Itji Daud)

175	Integrated Pest and Disease Management	ABS-276
Entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative for Control of Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) and Rice Black Bug (Scotinophara coarctata) Sri Kurniawati, Pepi Nur Susilawati, Yati Astuti, Eka Yuli Susanti dan Yusup Sopian Hidayat BPTP Banten Abstract The limiting factors for rice production include the presence of brown plant hopper (BP) and Rice Black bug (RBB). The use of entomopathogen fungi such as Beauveria bassiana to control these pests has been reported to be quite effective and has other advantages, namely being friendly to the environment. This study aims to determine the potential of B. bassiana in controlling BP and RBB. The research was conducted in January-July 2018 in Pulo Kencana Village, Pontang District, Serang Regency, Banten Province on irrigated rice fields. The environmental design used is a split plot design with B. bassiana application treatment, chemical control based on pest populations with 50% active ingredient propoxur and farmer control technology (pesticide mixture intervals). Each treatment consisted of 2 varieties Mekongga and Inpari 33 varieties, repeated 6 replications. The test of farmers^ preferences for B. bassiana application technology was carried out on 30 respondents and then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the population of BP and RBB was generally lower in the existing chemical treatment of farmers. The pest preference was lower in Inpari 33 variety. Furthermore, the production in the B. bassiana application was 12.06-24.48% lower than the existing and controlled chemical control of farmers. Meanwhile, farmers^ preference for B. bassiana application is 31.93% and chemical control is 40.76%. Keywords: Beauveria bassiana, Brown Planthopper, Entomopathogen, Rice Black Bug Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sri Kurniawati)

176	Integrated Pest and Disease Management	ABS-27
Production of chitinase enzyme by Beauveria bassiana against Tribolium castaneum Muslimin Sepe12, Itji Diana Daud3, Ahdin Gassa3, Firdaus4 1Program of Agriculture, Graduate School, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia 2Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorontalo Ichsan University, Indonesia 3Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia 4Departement of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia Abstract Beauveria bassiana is one of the microorganisms that produce the enzyme chitinase. Chitinase has a high economic value which is widely used as a biocontrol agent because it can degrade chitin into an environmentally friendly product. The aims of this study was to investigate the production of chitinase by B. bassiana isolate in the presence of the cuticle of T. castaneum. In this study, the isolates of B. bassiana were cultured into potato dextrose agar. Further isolation, purification, and determination of the activity of chitinase. The results show that chitinase can be obtained from B. bassiana isolate derived from T. castaneum by using chitin colloidal substrate. The highest average specific activity of chitinase originates from isolated B. bassiana was 1 Unit/mg. Protein test using standard BSA solution and Lowry method obtained reading results with a spectrophotometer that was r = 0,9925. Keywords: Beuveria bassiana- Biocontrol agent- Enzyme Chitinase- Tribolium castaneum Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muslimin Sepe)

177	Integrated Pest and Disease Management	ABS-285
The Diversity of Arthropods in Two Rice Plantation System Legowo at Takalar Regency Rezky Surya (a) Fatahuddin (a) Itji Diana Daud (a) a) Department of Plant Pest and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia Abstract The research objective was to determine the diversity of arthropods in the Legowo 2: 1 and Legowo 4: 1 systems of rice cultivation. The research was carried out from May to August 2019 at farmers^ rice fields in Polombangkeng Utara District, Takalar Regency and the Pest Laboratory, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Hasanuddin University Faculty of Agriculture. The rice varieties used were Ciherang which was planted in two separate rice fields using the Legowo 2: 1 and Legowo 4: 1 system. Observations were made using the ubinan system starting at the age of 21 DAS to 84 DAS with an observation interval of 7 days. The samples were taken by using used vacuum pump. The observations obtained when the rice plants were 21 and 28 DAS, namely that there were no insect pests in the two cropping systems. The highest insect pest population in the Legowo 2: 1 system was found when rice plants were 70 DAS from for 13 tails which are from genus: Leptocorisa, Nephotettix, Valanga, Nymphula and Scirpophaga. The highest insect pest population (22 individuals) was found in the Legowo 4: 1 system when the rice was 84 DAS with the same genus as that found in Legowo 2: 1. The highest population of predatory arthropods was spiders and was found to be the highest at 56 DAS (13 tails) in the Legowo 2: 1 system. At the age of 56 DAS, the highest number of arthropods (22 individuals) was found in the 4:1 Legowo system rice plants. The highest parasitoid populations of genus Stenobracon and Xanthopimpla were found in the Legowo system 2:1 at 49 DAS (4 individuals). The highest population of genus parasitoids: Stenobracon, Temelucha, Brachymeria, Pedicia and Argyrophylax in the 4:1 Legowo system was found at 77 DAS (6 individuals). Yields on rice planting using the Legowo 2:1 system were higher (5.6 tons/ha) compared to Legowo 4:1 (5.1 tons/ha). Keywords: Rice, Legowo 2:1- Legowo 4:1- Predator- Parasitoid Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rezky Surya)

178	Integrated Pest and Disease Management	ABS-36
The Impact Of Maize Weevil Attacks On Corn Commodity And Its Danger Upon Food Safety And Health Ayyub Arrahman and M. Sudjak Saenong Indonesian Cereals Research Institute Company Abstract Maize Weevil had high ability in damaging corn kernels within storage process. Maize Weevil attack caused storage materials quality and quantity decrease, even the damage might reach 85% and quality decrease until 17%. The attack resulted in dirt on the corn since there were so many feces and webbing of such insects. Feces and webbing are dirt in form of feces (insects excrement) and webbing (pieces of dead insect body) which mixed with each other so that the quality of the corn would decrease, cause an unpleasant smell, and even destroyed the taste of the crops. In the end it would decrease corn market value. Dirt on food would cause microorganism to grow and risk the food safety and health, either for human or livestock health. There were many toxin poisoning cases due to microorganism (mycotoxin) which grew on the food and caused death- for example which happened in India 1974 with 397 victims, 108 of them were died- also the case in Kenya 1982 and Uganda. In Indonesia this similar case also occurred in Lampung 2011 and in Central Java 2009 which caused 3 people died and 6 people in critical condition after they consumed oncom or soy pulp, while in 2012 similar case also occurred in Cirebon District with 9 victims. Supported by the fact that Indonesia was in tropical and moist condition, temperature of 27-40C (80-104F) and relative humidity 85%, it was conducive for such dangerous mycotoxin to grow. There were many kinds of mycotoxin resulted by contamination of microorganism, such as aflatoxin, zearalenone, trichothecenes, ochratoxin, and patuiin which were produced by many kinds of fungus. Nevertheless, the most frequent poisonous fungus to human and livestock came from genus Aspergillus, Penicillium dan Fusarium. The most known for being dangerous was aflatoxin. It was secondary metabolite, bofuran, nonpolar, stable towards hot, and resistant to physical or chemical treatment. Keywords: Impact of Attack, Maize Weevil, Food Safety, Health Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ayyub Arrahman)

179	Integrated Pest and Disease Management	ABS-297
The Incidence and Severity of Major Diseases on Siamese Malangke Citrus (Citrus nobilis) in West Malangke District, North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi T Kuswinanti1*, B Patandjengi1, M Faried2 and S Laban3 1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universtas Hasanuddin, Makassar, 90245 2Department of Agronomy, Universtas Hasanuddin, Makassar, 90245 3Study Program of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture, Universtas Hasanuddin, Makassar, 90245 Abstract North Luwu Regency was once the center of Siamese citrus in Indonesia with an area of 21,615 ha. The production and productivity in 1999 respectively 86,732 tones or equivalent of 21.89 t/ha. However, the presence of Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration (CVPD) and root- and stem rot diseases, the productivity was decreased significantly, and finally in 2005 the Siamese citrus plantations in North Luwu was destroyed. Various technological innovations that were applied to restore the success of siem malangke citrus plantation i.e. indexing of main diseases in the citrus plantation, determining pilot gardens, production and application of biopesticides, biodecomposers and designing tree architecture. The observation showed that the intensity of CVPD was quite high in the two villages surveyed, namely 55.24% in Pengkajoang Village and 58.70% in Waelawi Village. Validation of the causal agent of CVPD was carried out by molecular analysis using specific primers OI and OI2c resulted an amplicon in size of 1160 bp. The analysis was carried out in the laboratory Molecular Biology of the Research and Development Center in Malang, East Java. Typical symptoms of CVPD disease are the leaves become yellow, bones of leaves dark green, the leaves become more rigid and thicker than the healthy leaves and small. While the fruits becomes small and hard. Basal stem rot was only found in the citrus plantation of Waelawi village, with an incidence of up to 90%, while the severity varies between 45% and 58%. The plants infected with Botryodiplodia theobromae became dry, accompanied by the release of gummosis in the form of a golden yellow liquid on the stems, branches or twigs of citrus plants. While root- and stem rot diseases caused by Phytophthora sp. were only found in Waelawi village with a low incidence ranging from 11.45% to 21.62%, but the intensity reached 60.15%. Phytophthora causes a slow decline of the tree, especially in new plantings. The leaves turn light green or yellow and may Keywords: Citrus, CVPD, Phytophthora citrophthora, Botryodiplodia theobromae Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Tutik Kuswinanti)

180	Integrated Pest and Disease Management	ABS-46
The important role of using resistant varieties in handling powder beetle pests M.Sudjak Saenong Maros Research Institute for Cereal Crops Abstract This paper attemps to discuss the important role of using resistant varieties in handling powder beetle pests. This paper discusses 1) the limitations of resistant varieties, resistance properties, and mechanisms of resistance to powder pests, 2) reviewing several types of research in the search for sources of resistance through assembling varieties, forming populations of resistant gene sources, improving genotypes through the formation of lines/families, screening lines against insect infestations, finding sources of resistance through assembling and screening varieties/lines. This paper is expected to provide useful information in the context of developing science and technology, especially in handling problems related to insect infestation of powdered beetle pests and technology for utilizing resistant varieties. Efford in the control of powder beetle pests have taken a long time but the results have not been satisfactory. Several components of control, such as the application of environmental sanitation, the use of chemicals (fumigation, fogging), the application of good cultivation technology, the application of physical and mechanical control techniques are proven not to significantly reduce the population. Therefore, more effective control techniques are needed to suppress powder pest populations, including using resistant varieties. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the varieties that are resistant to powder pests have the characteristics of perfect husk cover, corn kernels which contain a good outer maternal layer of the seeds, corn kernels with a perfect cotyledon structure, and corn kernels which contain a large portion of acid. The source of resistance from genetic factors has the opportunity to be transferred to superior varieties. A closed husk that is longer than the cob can reduce powder beetle infection while the seeds are still in the field. Keywords: Impact of Attack, Maize Weevil, Food Safety, Health Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (M.Sudjak Saenong)

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