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241	Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering	ABS-121
FARMER^S DECISION DETERMINING FACTORS IN HARVEST TECHNOLOGY SELECTION IN RICE FARMING Zahara, Slameto, Asropi dan Erliana Novitasari Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Lampung Jl. ZA Pagar Alam No 1A Rajabasa Bandar Lampung Abstract Development of modern agricultural sector requires agricultural tools and machinery. Agricultural equipment and machinery technology is considered capable of increasing agricultural production and efficiency of time and labour. Furthermore, the decision on agricultural mechanisation usage by farmers is influenced by various factors, both internal and external. The recent study aims to determine the influencing factors toward farmer^s decision in harvest technology selection in rice farming. The research was conducted in Seputih Raman District, Central Lampung Regency in October - December 2016. The farmer^s decisions determining factors were analysed using binary logistic regression. As a results, the determining factors were the ease of operating rice harvester machine and land ownership status by farmers. However, requirements for new technology is easy to be adopted, one of which is the ease of testing. Therefore, technically harvester machine assembling is not complicated and easy to operate. Keywords: Decision, Harvest Technology, Rice Farming Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Zahara -)

242	Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering	ABS-163
Analysis of red chili drying kinetics affected by low temperature long time blanching Nunik Lestari and Samsuar Department of Agricultural Technology Education, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia Abstract The drying kinetics of red chilies in the effect of low temperature long time blanching were investigated. The blanching process was carried out at 70 oC for 10, 15, and 20 minutes. The drying process lasts for 32 to 35 hours to reduce the moisture content from 82.24% (wb) to 8.84% (wb). The experimental data were fitted to three mathematical models of thin layer drying, namely the Herderson and Pabis, Lewis, and Page models. The result shows that Page model is the most suitable model for predicting moisture ratio in chili drying with low temperature long time blanching treatment. This suitability is evidenced by the highest R2 value, which ranges from 0.9709 to 0.9786, and also the lowest RMSE and MBE values, which ranges from 0.0503 to 0.0579 and 0.0025 to 0.0034 respectively. Meanwhile, the effective moisture diffusivity varies from 5.6300 x 10-9 m2/s to 6.5662 x 10-9 m2/s for the treatments studied Keywords: Drying, mathematical modelling, chilie, solar dryer, pre-treatement Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Samsuar -)

243	Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering	ABS-190
The analysis of water loses in the secondary channels of Bissua irrigation Mahmud Achmad (a), Samsuar (a), Reski Maulidya (a) (a) Department of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Unhas Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10 Makassar 90245, Indonesia Abstract The purpose of this research is to analyze correlation between water efficiency, water loses and channel density in the secondary channels of Bissua irrigation and figure them spatially. Channel was sampled purposively for different dense of channel in the area based on irrigation channel map. The water inflow and outflow were measured in the selected segmented-channels. Discharges, evaporation and seepage data were used to determine water loses and their efficiencies. Spatial mapping was processed using ArgGIS 10.4 to figure the location of channels with their value of efficiencies and loses. The result shows that loses and efficiency range from 1.2 to 4.7 x10-4 m3/s/m and from 40 to 90%, respectively. With the variation of channel density from 0.03 to 0.25 km/km2, it was found that there was negative exponential correlation between water efficiency, water loses and channel density. In addition, water loses also have positive correlation to the width of channels. Keywords: channels density, irrigation, efficiency, and, water loses Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mahmud Achmad)

244	Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering	ABS-194
Husker Performance on Small Rice Milling Unit Iqbal, Diah Pramana Mulyawan, Ahmad Munir Agricultural Engineering Hasanuddin University Abstract The quality and quantity of rice is very much determined by the post-harvest process. Utilization of agricultural machinery in the form rice milling unit is one solution in maintaining rice quality. The most commonly used husker machine is a rubber roll type. This study aims to calculate the efficiency of huskers and the quality of rice. The parameters measured to analyze the efficiency of the milling machine and the quality of rice are the weight of unhulled rice to be milled, the weight of milled rice, and the time for milling the grain to become rice. The results showed that the husker efficiency at 1237 rpm rotation speed was 46.3%, at 1354 rpm was 46.7% and at 1395 rpm was 46.6%. The quality of rice produced at a rotation speed of 1237 rpm, 70.03% whole grains, 3.58% broken grains, 1.51% groats. For 1354 rpm rotation speed is 67.75%, broken grains 5.16% and groats 2.89%. While at the rotation speed of 1395 rpm the percentage of broken grains was 56.26%, broken grains 4.80%, groats 1.27%. Keywords: Rice milling unit, husker efficiency, rice quality Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Iqbal Iqbal)

245	Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering	ABS-195
Connection and Calibration of RTK-DGPS with Microcontroller STM32F401RE-Nucleo 32 Bit Abdul Azis, Radite PA, Setiawan Universitas Hasanuddin Abstract Precision Farming is a technology that is able to streamline the use of crop production inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides through the correct application of dosage, location and time. The web-based precision farming system requires GPS or RTK DGPS technology as a tool navigator when operating in the field, so that precise location applications can be achieved. The use of an 8-bit based microcontroller module for communication with GPS in precision farming systems has a deficiency in handling latitude and longitude data which has 11 characters. Therefore, the STM32F401RE-Nucleo microcontroller was chosen because it has the ability to handle data up to 32 bits. The method used is to communicate between the RTK-DGPS and the microcontroller module. The test is carried out using single precision and double precision formats. The test results showed that the reading of single precision format obtained a fairly large error ranging from 10% - 40% between the NMEA RTK-DGPS data and the data received by the microcontroller. While with double precision format, an error is obtained in the range of 1% - 8%, so that it can reduce the error significantly. Keywords: RTK-DGPS, 32 Bit Microcontroller, Precision farming Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Abdul Azis)

246	Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering	ABS-203
Groundwater and reservoirs Interaction in its Use for Irrigation, Case: Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia Suhardi(a*), Budi I. Setiawan (b), Ahmad Munir (a), Muh. Tahir Sapsal (a) a) Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia * suhardi[at]unhas.ac.id b) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia Abstract Use of ground water for irrigation in Wajo Regency has been going on since the 2000s. The use of groundwater has the potential to cause high production costs which can reduce farmers income. The Government of Wajo Regency provided a solution to this problem through the reservoir development program. However, the impact of construction of reservoirs to environmental conservation is not yet known. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research that aims to determine the effect of reservoirs to fulfill of plant water needs and their effects to environment. The study was conducted by direct measurement in the field of the observed variables. Some data are obtained interactively using sensors such as rainfall, groundwater level changes, surface water levels, and evaporation data. Data were analyzed using the water balance approach. The results showed that the construction of reservoirs to meet the water needs of plants can reduce the radius of the influence of groundwater extraction for irrigation which has so far reached 50-100 meters, as well as reducing the decrease in groundwater level during pumping which originally reached more than 5 m. Keywords: Groundwater- Reservoir- Irrigation- Water balance Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Suhardi Suhardi)

247	Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering	ABS-212
Algorithm estimation of suspended sediments concentration in Bili-Bili Reseservoir Sitti Nur Faridah, Mahmud Achmad, Samsuar, Fatimah R. Tantu. Agricultural Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia Abstract Bili-Bili dam is located in the middle of the Jeneberang watershed in South Sulawesi Province, which was built for flood control, irrigation, raw water supply and hydroelectric power plants. However, in the last condition, there has been a decrease in the utilization of the reservoir service function due to changes in the conditions of the reservoir catchment area by sediment. Prediction of sediment concentrations in bili-bili reservoirs was analyzed from data of spectrometer usage. Estimation of Total Suspended Sediment (TSS) using a spectrometer by testing the reflectance of chromaticity transformation of bands on various regression equations. The TSS concentration prediction algorithm based on spectrometer measurements provides a coefficient of determination (R2) 0.556 and RMS error of 0.147, is the 3rd order polynomial equation for chromasite blue, that is: TSS = 38.23(KB)3 + 12.74(KB)2 - 22.83(KB) + 4.965. Keywords: Bili-Bili Dam, Total Suspended Sediment, Algorithm Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Samsuar -)

248	Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering	ABS-223
The Effect of Soaking Sago Starch in Acetate Acids on the White Degree of Sago Flour Diyah Yumeina, Suciati Adil, Samsuar Universitas Hasanuddin Abstract Sago flour soaking is a method to improve white of a sago that tends to turn brown and reddish because of the phenolase enzyme activity in sago. This study aims to identify the characteristics of sago flour obtained from sago starch soaking in acetate solutions and to get the best of the sago flour. The method of this research uses Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors, namely variations of submersion time (2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours) and the acetic acid (CH3COOH) concentration (0%, 0,1%, 0,25%). The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% significance level. Sago flour soaking with acetic acid has a significant effect on the quality of sago flour, such as the degree of white, water content, and acid level. The longer it takes to submerge and the higher the concentration of acetic acid, the degree of white, water content, and degree of acid sago flour also increase. Results of this research met the quality requirements of sago flour according to sago flour quality standard Keywords: Sago flour, acetic acid (CH3COOH), the degree of white Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Diyah Yumeina Razak Datu)

249	Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering	ABS-230
Effect of Heat Moisture Treatment on Psychochemical Modification of Sago Starch Diyah Yumeina, Kasmira, Makkarennu Universitas Hasanuddin Abstract Sago is one of the potential local foodstuffs as an alternative raw material to support food diversification programs. However, wet sago produced in South Sulawesi has limited applications among others is the loss of viscosity in conditions low pH, high temperature or mechanical treatment. Heat-Moisture Treatment (HMT) is a hydrothermal treatment that modifies the physicochemical properties of starch, without destroying it^s granular structure. The objective of this research were: (1) Determine the effect of starch modification process using heat moisture treatment (HMT) on the physical characteristics of sago, including: changes in granule shape and size, starch crystal structure, gelatinization characteristics, swelling power and solubility of sago starch, (2) Determine the optimum heating temperature in the foraging process to obtain the best physicochemical characteristic of sago starch. Sago starch that HMT modified by 3 type of temperatures 90, 95 and 100C showed A type pasting profile. HTM modified starch with A type pasting profile showed influenced for amylose and amylopectin. Furthermore, HMT sago starch has larger granule size, higher degree of whiteness and higher starch content than those of native sago starch. Keywords: Heat modified treatment, sago starch Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Diyah Yumeina Razak Datu)

250	Smart Farming and Agricultural Engineering	ABS-248
Impact of Land Clearance on sedimentation at Balambano Dam, East Luwu Samsuar1, M. Achmad1 H. Mubarak1 and M. Lanuru2 1 Agricultural Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia 2 Marine Science Study Program, Faculty of Marine Science and Fisheries, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia Abstract Land degradation in the Pongkeru watershed has resulted in increased sediment being captured in dams in the watershed area. There are three dams built in the Pongkeru river basin with a cascade system, namely the Larona, Balambano and Karebbe dams. The balambano dam has a water catchment area of 24,989 ha and receives water runoff from the Larona dam. Sedimentation analysis in the Balambano dam was carried out using the USLE modification method based on spatial data. The results of the study indicate that there has been a change in land use in Balambano sub watershed. The type of land use that has experienced changes is dry land forest which has decreased by 760 ha which has been converted into dry land agricultural areas and open land which is suspected to be illegal mining land. This condition resulted in an increase in the area of the area which was included in the category of Heavy and Medium Erosion Hazard (EH). The results of the spatial analysis show that the increase in EH values generally occurs in areas where community activity is quite high (settlement and agriculture area). The land area with medium category EH was increasing from 254 ha in 2009 to 2,026 ha in 2015, while the land with the high category EH increased from 383 ha in 2009 to 2,198 ha in 2015. The Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) 0.1865 was obtained, which means that there was an increase in the amount of sediment held in the dam from 36,736 tonnes / year in 2009 to 179,073 in 2015. Keywords: Dam, Land Degradation, USLE, Sediment Delivery Ratio Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Samsuar -)

251	Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development	ABS-1
Comparing Satisfaction Index on Traditional Pigmented Rice Plant Attributes between Upland and Lowland Farmers Arini Putri Hanifa(1,2), James Millner(1), Craig McGill(1), Rinaldi Sjahril(3) 1) School of Agriculture and Environment Massey University, Palmerston North New Zealand 2) AIAT of South Sulawesi, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 17.5 Makassar, Indonesia 3) Laboratory of Plant Bioscience and Reproduction Biotechnology, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90245, Indonesia Abstract This study is conducted to evaluate the satisfaction index of traditional pigmented rice plant attributes from farmer perspectives. Farmer respondents are selected from two regions of traditional pigmented rice producers in South Sulawesi: lowland of Jeneponto and upland of Toraja. Face to face data collection using questionnaires are used as a research instrument. Respondents were required to rate the importance and satisfaction of plant attributes based on five-point Likert scales. The answers are analysed using Customer Satisfaction Index formula. Result showed that satisfaction index in the lowland of Jeneponto is higher than in upland of Toraja, as much as 67.16 and 56 respectively. Similar agreement from both lowland and upland farmers was found in lower yield performance of traditional pigmented rice than expected. As the end-user of released varieties, farmers perspective on importance and satisfaction level on plant attributes are essential to be considered for guidance in breeding and varietal improvement. Keywords: satisfaction index, pigmented rice, perspective Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Arini Putri Hanifa)

252	Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development	ABS-266
Smallholder Livelihood Adaptation Capacity to The Risk of Climate Change Disasters in The Buffer Area of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park South Sulawesi Muhammad Dassir (a), Samuel A. Paembonan (b), Usman Arsyad (c), Andi Sadapotto (d), Sitti Nadirah (e) a) Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University Perintis Kemerdekaan No.KM.10, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan *mdassir[at]yahoo.com b) Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University Perintis Kemerdekaan No.KM.10, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan. c) Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University Perintis Kemerdekaan No.KM.10, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan. d) Faculty of Forestry, Hasanuddin University Perintis Kemerdekaan No.KM.10, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan. e) Faculty of Agriculture, Ichsan Gorontalo University Jl. Drs. Achmad Nadjamuddin No.10, Kota Tengah, Gorontalo. Abstract Smallholders around Indonesias forest areas are about 14,62 million households. This study aims to determine the adaptation strategy and livelihood adaptation capacity of smallholders in the buffer area of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, facing the risk of climate change disasters. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and FGDs in five sample villages, which are the buffer villages of Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park which were selected purposively. The data obtained were analyzed spatially (GIS) and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study describe the dominant form of adaptation carried out by respondent farmers to overcome and reduce the risk of drought. This includes adapting cropping patterns to plant rice in rice fields along with planting peanuts or vegetables in dryland agricultural areas following the rainy season and selecting drought-resistant crops, such as legumes (peanuts, soybeans, and green beans), and watermelon during the dry season. Whereas in villages that are predominantly rice fields and supported by water infrastructure (check dam), springs, and rivers, they can intensify and diversify crops during the dry or rainy season by planting rice, peanuts, and chilies in a commercial orientation and using water pump machines to deal with drought during the peak of the dry season. The highest adaptation capacity of farmers is in rice fields with sufficient water sources and a high potential for non-timber forest products (NTFP) because it is easy to access water sources, so that they can diversify crops in the dry season on rice fields and dry land. On the other hand, the villages with the lowest adaptation capacity are predominantly rain-fed rice fields and limited water potential and NTFPs that only carry out cultivation activities during the rainy season. Keywords: Climate Change, Adaptation Capacity, Smallholders Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Dassir)

253	Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development	ABS-277
Distribution and Potency of Semi Cultivated Sago Forest in South Sulawesi and its Contribution to Food Security and Rural Development Dorothea Agnes Rampisela( a,b), Sarip Hidayat (d,e), Darmawan Salman (a,c) and Mahyudin (a,c) a)Sago Research Group Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia b) Departement of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia c) Departement of Agriculture Social Economy , Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia d)Remote Sensing Technology and Data Center, Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional, LAPAN), Jakarta 13710, Indonesia e) Graduate School of Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia Abstract Land for food crop always compete with other land use and directly affecting the size of forest land. Local wisdom in growing sago in semi-cultivated method practicing in Sulawesi means producing food in parallel with increasing forest area. Land use change in Tana Luwu as sago center in South Sulawesi rapidly replaced sago forest into fishpond and other plantation and recently into housing area and remained 3300 ha of sago area. To ensure the sustainability, the local wisdom urgently to be re-introduced wisely and to ensure the better livelihood of local community, room for innovation need to be claimed. This paper introduced the distribution of existing sago area and role of local community in sago production. Less income for landowner effecting the decreasing of sago plant into another use. Strategy in involving the landowner in sago processing for better income is recommended. Keywords: Sago, Sulawesi, Food Security, Suboptimal Land, land use change Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dorothea Agnes Rampisela)

254	Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development	ABS-280
Utilization of sub-optimal land for the sustainability of upland rice farming in Minahasa Regency Jefny B. Markus Rawung1, Janne W. Rembang1, Rita Indrasti2, Abdul Gaffar3 1The Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of North Sulawesi. Manado. Indonesia 2Centre of The Assessment and Agricultural Technology Development. Bogor. West Java. Indonesia 3The Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology of Maluku. Ambon. Indonesia Abstract Increasing rice production is not only relied on from irrigated and rainfed rice fields, but also on dry land (upland rice). Development of upland rice on sub-optimal lands is one of the efforts to overcome the problem of vulnerability to rice availability, but until now its management is still not optimal. Minahasa Regency is one of the upland rice producing districts in North Sulawesi. This paper aims to identify matters related to sub-optimal land use for the sustainability of upland rice farming by farmers that can be developed in support of efforts to increase upland rice production in North Sulawesi, in addition to improving the existing technology used by farmers. This study was conducted in the Tombariri District, Minahasa Regency, using a survey method. Data collection was carried out through field observations, documentation, in-depth interviews with key informants, and literature studies. The data obtained were then analyzed descriptively. Based on field identification and the results of the study, it was found that the existing local farmers^ technology was still very simple, especially in the aspects of providing seeds, planting, and maintenance. Farmers are increasingly pursuing the development of organic farming. There are still many sub-optimal lands uses that can be optimized for upland rice cultivation accompanied by improvements to the existing limiting factors on each land. Keywords: Upland rice, Sustainability, Sub-optimal land, Minahasa Regency Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Jefny Bernedi Markus Rawung)

255	Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development	ABS-282
Base Flow Analysis in Tanralili Sub Watershed Using SWAT Model Suryansyah Surahman1 Hazairin Zubair2 Ahmad Munir2 Mahmud Achmad2 Agricultural Science, Postgraduate School, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia. Swat Model Research Group, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia. Email: suryansyahsurahman[at]yahoo.com Abstract The management of a watershed aims to realize optimal conditions of resource vegetation , soil and water this it was give maximum benefit to human welfare and sustainable. The study was aimed to identify the effect of land use change on the hydrological characteristics of the Tanralili Sub Watershed, and develop recommendations on the best land management of Tanralili Sub Watershed. There were some steps for running SWAT model, included: (1) delineate watershed- (2) create HRU^s- (3) HRU define- (4) input climate data- (5) write SWAT input files- (6) run SWAT model- (7) calibrate and validate data- and (8) simulate hydrological parameters to determine the best management practice. The study showed that the model has a good performance in predicting flow discharge with R2 and NSE values in calibration process by 0.92 and 0.70 respectively. Validation process in predicting flow discharge produced R2 and NSE values by 0.65 and 0.60 respectively. SWAT models was able to predict the effects of land use change on the base flow in Tanralili Sub Watershed . Base flow analysis of Tanralili Sub Wateshed in year of 2019 indicated 2.44 mm respectively. While the value of KRS and C was 52.60 (moderate) and 0.36 (good). Keywords: hydrology, land use, swat model, tanralili sub watershed Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Suryansyah Surahman)

256	Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development	ABS-32
Feasibility Study of Coconut Water as Natural Plant Growth Regulator (PGR) on Clove Seedling Production Ibrahim Erik Malia and J.B.M.Rawung Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology at North Sulawesi, Indonesia Abstract Abstract. Clove is a main crop cultivated by farmers in North Sulawesi Province, therefore, they are supported much by institution such as Government and NGO in development programs. Whereas, they face some problems, especially in providing seedlings. To provide a suitable and feasible technology on clove seedling, this research was conducted with aims to study an appropriate dosage of coconut water as natural PGR to promote clove seedling and the feasibility as in agribusiness approaches. The methods used were designed in Randomized Completely Block Design, 6 treatments 4 replications, namely, (A) Control- (B) 25% coconut water- (C) 50% coconut- (D) 75% coconut water- (E) 100% coconut water and (F) A commercial PGR product. It was also determined the agribusiness feasibility, by using B/C Ratio, BEP, Sensitivity analysis. The results showed that the most recommending is treatment C, 50% of coconut water to use as PGR in germination and growth of clove seedling. Conducting agribusiness in clove seedling is feasible showed by indicator financial analysis B/C Ratio value 2.5, sensitivity could be tolerated to accumulation of decrease in production and price up to 60%. Keywords: Feasibility, coconut water, PGR, clove, seedling Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ibrahim Erik Malia)

257	Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development	ABS-290
The dynamics of agricultural crop production development on land cover changes in Tinggimoncong District T Dariati1, K Mustari2, MS Solle3, F Ulfa2, and H Iswoyo2 1Agricultural Science, Graduate School of Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia. 2Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia. 3Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Hasanuddin, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan KM 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia. E-mail: tigindariati[at]unhas.ac.id Abstract Agricultural activities can lead to land cover changes in a watershed region such as in Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Regency that located in the upper stream of the Jeneberang watershed. Gradually, there has been a development in agricultural activities in the area, marked by an increase in agricultural area as well as agricultural production that led to a change in land cover in the region. A descriptive study was conducted with aim to determine the relationship between the development of agricultural activities and the increase in agricultural production with land cover changes in the upstream Jeneberang watershed. This understanding is expected to help create a more environmentally friendly agricultural environment so that it can be more sustainable. This research shows that the development of plantation crops had contributed to land cover change, due to expansion of human activities in agriculture into the forest area, thus the primary forest then turned into secondary forest. The development of agricultural activities was partly attributed to the higher selling price of agricultural products. It makes farmers excited to increase their production, including by expanding the area for planting crops that have high selling value. Keywords: Agriculture crop production, Land Cover, Landscape Change, Jeneberang Watershed Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Tigin Dariati)

258	Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development	ABS-37
Potential of Endophytic Bacteria in Promote Germination of Kamba Local Aromatic Rice Seeds of Central Sulawesi S Sudewi (1,2*) A Ala (3)- B Patandjengi (4)- M Farid BDR (3)- Ratnawati (2), Abdul Rahim Saleh (5) (1) Agriculture Study Program, Graduate School Hasanuddin University Makassar 90245 Indonesia (2) Department of Agrotechnology Faculty of Agriculture, Alkhairaat University Palu 94221 Indonesia (3) Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Makassar 90245 Indonesia (4) Department of Plant Pest and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Makassar 90245 Indonesia (5) Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sintuwu Maroso University Poso 94619 Indonesia Abstract Endophytic bacteria derived from plant roots have the potential as a trigger for germination and plant growth with the ability to produce phytohormone, nitrogen binding, as a phosphate solvent, and are able to produce various secondary metabolite compounds that play a role in increasing plant resistance to various disease disorders. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of endophytic bacteria in spurring aromatic local rice seed germination so that it is expected to provide information for relevant parties in efforts to support environmentally friendly sustainable agriculture. The test method carried out by immersing the seeds in a suspension of endophytic bacterial isolates with a bacterial density of 108 CFU ml-1 for 24 hours as a comparison (control) used seeds soaked in sterile aquadest. Endophytic bacterial isolates used were derived from the roots of aromatic local rice plants in Central Sulawesi that had been isolated and tested for their ability in previous studies. Ten isolates were found, namely RKBK1, RKBK4, RKBL6, RKBU1, RKBU5, RKGU6, RKGU11, RKLE3, RKLE6 and RKLE7. The results showed that all endophytic bacterial isolates had the potential to promote rice seed germination. The average percentage of normal sprouts produced is &#8805- 84%. RKGU 11 isolates gave the best results on observations of the percentage of normal sprouts of 97.33%, the length of the plumula at 7.67 cm and the length of the radicles at 9.80 cm. Keywords: Endophytic bacteria, local rice aromatic, Kamba, germination Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sri Sudewi)

259	Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development	ABS-43
Growth And Results Test Of Adaptive Superior Rice Varieties Through Integrated Components In The Rains Of Central Java Rain Arif Susila, Renie Oelviani, Endah Winarni, Wahyudi Haryanto Sodiq Jauhari Assessment Institute for Agricultural Central Java Abstract The study aims to find new varieties of rice that was adaptive with superior potential that was core out in three district in MT 2016. The land area of 2000 m2 each involving farmer cooperators. The assessment method uses the on farm research participant (OFCOR) approach in the demonstrations plot area. The superior varieties tested were Inpari 30, Inpari 10, Mekongga and Ciherang varieties as comparison. The parameters observed included the variability of plant growth and yields component pest, attack, and farmers response. The analytical method use anova to compare the mean of each tested variable using the BNT advanced test. The result show that the diversity of the new superior variety Inpari 30 by applying the integrated component provides the highest growth performance and yield compared to the Ciherang variety that is commonly planted by farmers with an increase of 1.9 t/ha (36.5%) GKG by the Mekongga 1.7 t/ha (32%) GKG. The lowest yields were obtained for the Inpari to variety of 5.1t/ha GKG and Ciherang. Mekongga and Inpari 30 had the same chance to be adapted more quickly by farmers because it provides increased yields and has the potential to be developed site spesific land. Keywords: Growth, Adaptation, PTT, Variety, Yield Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sodiq Jauhari)

260	Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development	ABS-56
Analysis of Farmers^ Perception of Intercropping Technology (Turiman) on Upland Agroecosystem Catur Indri Oktivian Hastuti, Rima Purnamayani Indonesian Center for Agricultural Technology Assessment and Developmen Abstract Intercropping Technology (Turiman) program has implemented to support the achievement of food self-sufficiency. Turiman technology is different from the intercropping that is commonly used by farmers before. The aim of this study were to analyze farmers^ perceptions of Turiman technology and to analyze the factors that affect the Turiman implementation. This study was conducted in 7 districts from April to October 2019. Data was collected through a survey method of 40 respondents. The data collected were farmers^ perceptions of increased production, land optimization, reduced production costs and increased income after the implementation of intercropping technology, and the desire of farmers to apply this technology independently and sustainably. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that 95% of respondents had the perception that Turiman technology was able to increase production, 87.5% of respondents had the perception that Turiman could optimize land, 62.5% had the perception that Turiman was able to save production costs, 90% of respondents had the perception that Turiman was able to increase income, so that 72.5% of respondents would like to implement intercropping technology independently. Factors that significantly influence farmers in implementing turiman are age, experience and perceptions of farmers. Keywords: intercropping, perception, upland, turiman Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rima Purnamayani)

261	Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development	ABS-70
Effects of cogongrass (Imperata Cilyndirica L) root extract on Earthworms, arbuscular mycorrhiza spore, And Growth of Upland Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) for Local Kambowa Variety Laode Muhammad Harjoni Kilowasid, La Ode Junum Hasmar, La Ode Afa, Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati, Namriah, dan Tresjia Corina Rakian Agrotechnology Study Program, Agriculture Faculty, University of Halu Oleo Abstract Earthworms have the ability to create new conditions in the soil environment and modulate the growth of beneficial soil microbial populations. Imperata releases exudate which creates less suitable soil conditions for growing food crops and horticulture. This study aims to: (i) study the effect of the concentration of cogongrass root extract on the abundance of earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores- (ii) to determine the effect of the soil-extract mixture engineered using earthworms on the upland rice growth for local Kambowa variety. The first experiment, extracts of cogongrass roots were made into five concentration levels, namely 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. Each concentration was mixed with soil from cogongrass land in a different vermireactor. In reactor, earthworms were released that had emptied their stomach contents, and were allowed to manipulate the mixture until the vemicast covered part of the soil surface. As a result, the total earthworms in all reactors were relatively the same, and the total spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil treated with a concentration of 60% was the most. The second experiment, the upland rice seedlings were grown on engineered soils. The differences in height, number and area of leaves, number of tillers, wet weight, dry weight, panicle length, and total grain per panicle were significantly, except for the percentage of filled grain. In conclusion, earthworms as potential ecosystem engineers are utilized in ecological engineering of soil quality in land dominated by reeds vegetation for the development of upland rice cultivation areas, particularly the local varieties of Kambowa. Keywords: ecological engineering- ecosystem engineer, local varieties, soil quality, upland rice Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (LAODE MUHAMMAD HARJONI KILOWASID)

262	Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development	ABS-76
Forage Tree Legumes and Sustainable Upland Farming in Timor Island - Indonesia Yohanis Ngongo, Debora Kanahau, Noldy Kotta, Jacob Nulik Assessment Institute for Agriculture Technology East Nusa Tenggara (AIAT-ENT) Abstract Abstract. Upland farmers in semi-arid region of Timor Island have frequently facing low and uncertain food crops production and cronic forage shortage during long dry season limiting livestock (cattle) production. This study explores forage development, particularly Leucaena and the dynamics of upland farming management among farmer groups in, West Timor - Indonesia. The study mostly use forage data of ACIAR and AIAT-ENT collaboration research on Forage development, particularly Leucaena conducted in ENT. The data were mostly analysed descriptively. The study showed that adoption of forage legume innovation particularly Leucaena by upland farmers have solved forage shortage problem during long dry season in semi-arid region of Timor Island, it allow farmers to do cattle fattening/shortening fattening period and improving crops (maize) production. Drawing on information regarding traditional farming (mixed-cropping) practices for food crops production and traditional local agro-forestry (Mamar) for perennial crops production, the research suggested that incorporated forage tree legume of Leucaena into both traditional farming system can improve/sustain crops and cattle production as well as environment. Keywords: Upland, forage, Leucaena, cattle, semi-arid, Timor. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Noldy Kotta)

263	Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development	ABS-79
THE EFFECT OF INTEGRATED TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION FOR FATTENING BEEF CATTLE IN NORTH SULAWESI DESIGNATED BEEF CATTLE AREA Ratri Retno Ifada, Paulus C. Paat and Yusuf North Sulawesi Assessment Institute of Agriculture Technology Abstract The performance of cattle fattening in the area of beef cattle in the Minahasa Selatan (Minsel) District of North Sulawesi is still far lower than the results of research that reached a daily weight gain of at least 800 g/head. This on-farm study aims to increase beef cattle productivity through the utilization of integrated technology packages for local cattle fattening with a target of at least 800 g/head daily gain. This study was carried out in the beef cattle development area of Minsel District from August to October 2018. The integrated technology package for the fattening business pattern included: (1) complete feed, (2) intensive maintenance in multi-use cages, and (3) eradication of complete parasites. Complete feed is formulated in a balanced feed consisting of ammoniated rice straw and concentrated local ingredients. The amount of dry matter concentrate was given per head is 1.5% of body weight (50% total consumption) while the ammoniated straw was ad libitum. For multipurpose cages, the upper part is equipped with a multipurpose tower as a barn while simultaneously serving straw, ad libitum and continuous. Complete eradication of parasites using broad-spectrum anti-parasites to eradicate endoparasites that attack digestive organs and other internal organsand ectoparasites to control the skinworms and eyeworms, cattle grubs, mange mites, sucking lice, sand tampans, and ticks. This study used fifteen local PO bulls fattened with an initial body weight of an average of 278.4 kg (+-54.34) with an observation period of 12 weeks. The observations showed that the average daily gain was 1,158 g / head, feed consumption 8,358 kg DM / head / day, and feed conversion ratio of 7.56, while the results of the business feasibility analysis showed a BCR coefficient of 1.69. The results of statistical analysis showed that the average weight gain increased significantly (p <0.01) after utilizing integrated fattening technology (308.8vs278.4 kg). It was concluded that the Keywords: Integrated technology, Beef cattle fattening Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ratri Retno Ifada)

264	Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development	ABS-84
Farmer Group Empowerment in Developing Joint Venture (Study case at Karya Jasa 3 Group in Kendal) Munir Eti Wulanjari, Intan Gilang Cempaka, Ratih Kurnia Jatuningtyas, and Indrie Ambarsari Assessment Institute of Agricultural Technology Central Java Abstract This study aimed to obtain an effective strategy to empower the farmer groups as a joint venture. The Karya Jasa 3 group in Kaliyoso-Kendal, as an object of the present study.Data were collected from March to June 2020. The data taken includes assets owned by farmer groups, group business, and group cash financial data. They were collecting data through interviews with farmer group leaders and direct observation in the field. The data obtained were analyzed in an explanative manner. The result showed that the empowerment carried out was to build a joint business, in the form of an economic business unit which included: 1)seed business,2) agricultural machine tool service unit, 3) marketing og agricultural product, 4) savings and loan business and 5)agricultural production supply store. The joint venture that has been built has been able to provide benefits for group members. Business profit was divided as follows: 70% for the group and 30% for members. It was found that the strategic approach of empowering farmer groups in joint ventures should not only focus on productive business but also on social activities. Therefore, it was a portion of the business profit used for recreation, religious events, or traditional occasions. Keywords: Empowerment, farmer group, a joint venture. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Munir Eti Wulanjari)

265	Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development	ABS-87
Integrating Clitoria ternatea and Corn in Dry Land Farming for Seed Production and High Quality Forage for Livestock in West Timor East Nusa Tenggara: Oebelo Village Farmer^s Experience Debora Kana Hau- Procula Matitaputty- Yanuar Achadri Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Nusa Tenggara Timur Abstract The existing farming in Oebelo Village was a mixed farming. Farmers grow corn once a year in the rainy season, with beans, cassava, onion and pumpkin. Livestock keeping varied between farmers, including cattle, goat, pig, and native chicken. The introduction of Clitoria ternatea opened a new horizon of farming and a new source of income and forage. By integrating Clitoria ternatea farmers were able to: (i) improve corn productivity performance, (ii) receive additional income from selling forage seed, and (iii) obtain a high quality forage source to feed livestock (goat, pig, and chicken). In 2019 farmers planted Clitoria on 0.25 ha after harvest of corn (in February) and sold 30 kg of clitoria seed at 30-35 thousand rupiahs/kg, and feeding forage as additional feed portion to chicken and pigs. In 2019/2020 farmers planted 3.13 ha, either in monoculture or in a relay, and sold 168 kg of Clitoria seed at 30 thousand rupiahs/kg. In early 2020 the farmers started to raise goats, and also keep on feeding the forage to chicken and pigs. Farmers noticed an improvement in the corn plant performance on the plot previously planted with Clitoria, and harvested more corn grain without even fertilized. Keywords: Oebelo village, Kupang, Clitoria ternatea, Livestock, Forage Seed, Corn Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Debora Kana Hau)

266	Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development	ABS-89
The Potential of Endophytic Fungi as Biodegradation of Chlorpyrifos in Shallots Ria Fauriah (a*), Nur Amin (a), Itji Diana Daud (a), Elisabeth Srihayu Harsanti (b) a) Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekan KM. 10 Tamalanrea, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90245, Indonesia. *riafauriah[at]gmail.com b) Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute, Jl. Raya Jakenan Jaken KM. 05, Jaken, Pati, Central Java 59182, Indonesia. Abstract Chlorpyrifos is one of the broad spectrum organophosphate insecticides in controlling plant pests. They can be absorbed into agricultural products and in the long term can have negative effects on human health. The use of endophytic fungi for biodegradation of chlorpyrifos is one of the technologies to support food safety. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine potential of the isolated endophytic fungi and identify it from shallot plantations as biodegradation of chlorpyrifos. The research is conducted in three stages- (1) isolation of endophytic fungi on shallot plantations in Bantaeng Regency, (2) macroscopic and microscopic identification, and (3) test of the degradation potential of chlorpyrifos by growing fungi on PDA medium containing chlorpyrifos with concentrations 600 ppm, 300 ppm, and 150 ppm. Furthermore, the results showed there are 47 fungal isolates from the roots, stems and tubers of shallots, and some were identified as Trichoderma sp. and Fusarium sp. Several isolates tested have the potential to degrade chlorpyrifos, where the percentage of growth inhibition below 50% is considered tolerant of chlorpyrifos. Considering the results, Trichoderma sp. and Fusarium sp. are potential of degrading residual insecticide chlorpyrifos. Keywords: Fusarium sp., food safety, organophosphate, Trichoderma sp. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ria Fauriah)

267	Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development	ABS-90
THE COMPETITIVENESS ANALYSIS OF NUTMEG FARMING IN TERNATE CITY, NORTH MOLUCCAS Muhammad Assagaf1, Ahmad Musyavak2 dan Abdul Wahab1 1)Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Maluku Utara 2) Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Kalimantan Barat Kompleks Pertanian Kusu No. 1, Oba Utara, Kota Tidore Kepulauan Email : assagaf_met[at]yahoo.com Abstract Today^s agricultural business is faced with various obstacles, and cannot be measured to what extent its competitiveness, while the conception of agricultural development that has competitiveness has not been described more operationally and implementably, so that there is a gap between the ideal conception and the actual field. This study activity aims to analyze the competitiveness of Nutmeg spice farming in terms of domestic resource use in Ternate City. Nutmeg farming in Ternate City has a competitive and comparative advantage, this is indicated by PCR and DRCR values that are smaller than 1 (one). The results of PAM analysis on nutmeg farming have no input transfers because they do not use foreign inputs. The NPCI value for all is below one (<1). The value of NPCI is smaller than one, meaning that domestic prices are lower than world prices, so there can be said to be a subsidy policy from the government. Whereas for nutmeg farming. The transfer value of factors for nutmeg is positive, this indicates that there is an implicit tax or transfer from the nutmeg farmer to domestic factor, so farmers have to pay more than the price of the shadow (social). Keywords: Competitiveness, nutmeg, comparative, Competitive Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Assagaf)

268	Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development	ABS-92
Optimation and Carrying Capacity of Planting Corn Harvest Cattle (TJPS) in The Village of Raknamo West Kupang Subdistrict of Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Procula Matitaputty- Debora Kana Hau- Jacob Nulik Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP) Nusa Tenggara Timur Abstract The aim of this study is to show community livelihood changes through the improvement of corn and cattle production by application of ^Planting Corn Harvest Cattle^ (TJPS). TJPS is not literally meant that planting corn will produce cattle, however it is a ^tagline^ to encourage farmers in NTT that by improving corn production will give extra cash to buy cattle. The method was a survey involving 50 farmers, collecting primary and secondary data. The productivity of corn in NTT in 2018 was 2.52 ton/ha, while at National level was 5.24 ton/ha. Survey indicated that before TJPS, farmers in Raknamo village produced only 27.9 ton/1 planting season, while at TJPS farmers produced 82.1 ton/1, almost tripled. For cattle ownership, Raknamo farmers started with no cattle and now owned 41 heads of cattle. The use of corn cobs mixing with leaf of Tarramba Leucaena gave DWG of 0.3 to 0.5 kg/hd/day. Thus it is concluded that TJPS would be an excellent entry door into a sustainable Integrated Farming System of Corn and Cattle in the Dry Land and Climate of NTT. Keywords: Optimation, Carrying Capacity, Corn, Cattle, By Product Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Debora Kana Hau)

269	Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development	ABS-95
Does Soybean Production in Indonesia Still Have Competitiveness Advantages? A Policy Analysis Matrix Approach Yovita Anggita Dewi and Astrina Yulianti Balai Besar Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Jl. Tentara Pelajar 10 Cimanggu, Bogor Jawa Barat, 16114, Indonesia Abstract The soybean production in Indonesia still faces several challenges causing production depended on import supplies. This paper aims to assess the competitiveness advantages of soybean production in the current phase. Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was used to examine its competitiveness using secondary data and deliberating results of previous studies. The results of the study in 2015 showed that domestic production still could afford private and social prices, which constituted 73,684 IDR/ha and 1,013,939 IDR/ha, respectively. Soybean production almost did not show competitiveness advantages reflected from the ratio of DRC by 0.90 and PCR by 0.994 respectively. Government interventions brought various impacts. NPCI was 0.733 indicating that farmers paid cheaper inputs by 26.67% whilst NPCO was 0.991 demonstrating inefficiency of government policy towards the output. EPC was 1.03 whilst PC is close to zero (0.06), which pointed out insufficient government policy to assure profit in the long term. SRP was minus 0.08 described that the government not all farmers received a benefit from the government policy. The sensitivity analysis resulted: (i) the combination of increasing soybean price + procurement price at 8,000 IDR/kg and (ii) the increasing import tariff by 5% + procurement price at 8,000 IDR/kg provided the most favourable impacts. Keywords: soybean production, policy analysis matrix, competitiveness, government intervension Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (yovita anggita dewi)

270	Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development	ABS-99
Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus Substrate Compost on The Chemical Properties of Acid Sulfate Soil Jumar (a), R. A. Saputra (a), N. N. Sari (a), A. Wahyudianur (a*) a) Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, 70714, Indonesia *ahmadwahyudi0911[at]gmail.com Abstract The common problem of acid sulfate soil is its acidity that very low which affect on the availability of nutrients. Due to of that, this study was conducted to identify the effect of Pleurotus ostreatus substrate compost on the chemical properties of acid sulfate soil. The greenhouse experiment was arranged in completely randomized design (CDR) with five treatments, i.e. 0 (b0), 5 (b1), 10 (b2), 15 (b3), and 20 (b4) ton.ha-1. The highest value of pH (5.05), available N (1.70 ppm and 2.13 ppm, ammonium and nitrate, respectively) and organic-C (3.45%) was found in the b4 treatment. Compared to control, the b4 treatment improved about 40.50%, 77.50%, and 40.82% for ammonium, nitrate, and organic-C, respectively. While, the highest available P (16.36 ppm) was found in the b3 treatment, it is improved about 166.88% compared to control (b0). Application of Pleurotus ostreatus substrate compost was able to ameliorate the chemical properties of acid sulfate soil. Keywords: Composting- Nutrients- Amelioration Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ahmad Wahyudianur)

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