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361	Psychology	ABS-291
Cyberbullying: Unmasking The Right Assesment Rayinda Faizah- Hermahayu- Fadillah Sandy- Laili Qomariyah- Akhmad Liana Amrul Haq Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang Abstract This study aims to examine the literature related to the development of cyberbullying scales that are developing in the world today. The research method used is a literature study using the PRISMA technique. The research results show that the cyberbullying measurement scales that have been developed are the CBQ and CYB-AGS, where both scales have good psychometric results. The difference between the CBQ scale and the CYB-AGS scale is related to the basic concepts used in compiling measurement indicators in the scale and the age of the user. Keywords: Cyberbullying- CBQ- CYB-AGS Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rayinda Faizah)

362	Psychology	ABS-424
The Aspect of Spirituality in Teacher Performance as Viewed from Organizational Citizenship Behavior Imron, Subur Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang Abstract It is recognized that low teacher performance will result in low productivity of educational institutions (schools)- conversely, good teacher performance will make educational institutions more productive. Teacher performance issues are influenced by both direct and indirect factors. Spirituality and organizational citizenship behavior are considered as psychological aspects that influence performance. The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of spirituality on performance through organizational citizenship behavior. This study is a quantitative associative and correlational research. The research population is teachers in Public Junior High Schools in Magelang Regency, totaling 1400 people. The sampling technique used in this research is Probability Sampling. The sample size is 200 respondents. Data collection techniques in this study use (1) Measurement Scale- (2) Interviews- and (3) Questionnaires. The results of this study show that the path coefficient of spirituality on organizational citizenship behavior (X to Z) is 0.349, and the path coefficient of organizational citizenship behavior on performance (Z to Y) is 0.718, so the indirect effect of spirituality on performance through organizational citizenship behavior as an intervening variable (X to Z to Y) is 25 percent (0.349 X 0.718 equal 0.250). The coefficient of direct influence of spirituality on performance (X to Y) is 0.048, so 0.250 greater than 0.045. Therefore, the influence of spirituality on performance through organizational citizenship behavior of teachers is very significant. This indicates that organizational citizenship behavior is influenced by spirituality. In addition, organizational citizenship behavior also influences teacher performance. Teachers with good spirituality will have good organizational citizenship behavior, and ultimately, this will affect teacher performance. Keywords: Spirituality, Performance, Organizational Citizenship Behavior Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Imron .)

363	Religious Studies	ABS-383
The Effectiveness of Digital Books as a Learning Resource for Islamic Preachers Nono Heryana (a*), Iwan Hermawan (b), Oyoh Bariah (c), Rini Mayasari (d) a, d) Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang *nono[at]unsika.ac.id b,c) Faculty of Islamic Religion, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang Abstract Islamic preachers require extensive religious knowledge to deliver practical sermons. Digital books offer a convenient learning resource, but their effectiveness could be more precise. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of digital Islamic books for improving Islamic preachers^ religious knowledge acquisition. 50 Islamic preachers were randomly assigned to a control or intervention group (n=25 each). The intervention group received access to an Islamic digital book library for four weeks. Both groups completed pre- and post-knowledge tests and surveys on motivation and comprehension- mean differences were analyzed between and within groups. Mean gains in religious knowledge were significantly more significant for the digital book group (+14%) compared to the control (+2%, p=0.01). Motivation and comprehension also improved more in the intervention. Digital Islamic books are an effective learning tool to boost the religious knowledge, motivation, and comprehension of Islamic preachers compared to traditional study methods. Widespread adoption of digital Islamic books could improve sermon quality by equipping preachers with superior understanding and knowledge. Keywords: digital books, Islamic preachers, knowledge acquisition, sermon quality Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nono Heryana)

364	Religious Studies	ABS-421
Peak Experience: The Phenomenon of Spirituality in Religions and Psychological Problems (Islam, Buddhism, Catholicism) Dwi Estiningsih (1*), Wahyudi Setiawan (2), Afitria Rizkiana (3), Usaid Al Banna (4), Masitoh (5), Fiyanna Muahhadah (6) 1,2,3,4,5,6) Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo *dwiestiningsih[at]umpo.ac.id Abstract Every religion has guidelines for overcoming psychological problems, including by reaching the peak of spirituality (peak experience). Islam, Buddhism and Catholicism have different guidelines for achieving peak experience, Islam with the path of Sufism, Buddhism with Hasta Ariya Magha or the eight noble paths, and Catholicism with the Ekakristi (human union with God). Every religion is actually rich in discourse about psychological intervention which lies in the achievement of spirituality. This discourse can be explored more deeply using empirical research to prove the significance of these religious traditions. The science of psychology has now opened itself to the discourse of spirituality, this is an opportunity for scientists to develop religion-based psychology. Especially for Islam, as a universal religion, of course its knowledge covers all policies that exist in this universe. A golden opportunity for Muslim scientists to develop their knowledge while strengthening their belief in their religion. Keywords: Peak Experience- Islam- Buddhism- Catholicism Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dwi Estiningsih)

365	Waste Management and Recycling	ABS-3
Improving The Performance of a Gas Stove-Powered Thermoelectric Generator (GSPTG) By Adding a Fin Hot Side Heat Exchanger (F-HHX) Agus Jamaldi(a), Nugroho Tri Atmoko(a*), Hassan Khamis Hassan(b), Fariyono(c) a)Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Warga Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. *nugroho.ta[at]sttw.ac.id b)Zanzibar Water Authority - ZAWA, P.O.Box 460, Mabluu, Zanzibar, Tanzania. c)Department of Electrical Engineering, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Warga Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Abstract Utilizing waste heat into electrical energy from conventional gas stoves is possible by applying a thermoelectric generator (TEG). This research conducted a more in-depth study regarding the use of a Fin Hot Side Heat Exchanger (F-HHX) of a Gas Stove Powered Thermoelectric Generator (GSPTG) to improve the produced power output from TEG. The three model of F-HHX used in this research are short fin, long fin, and tilted fin. Four TEGs are connected in a series circuit and placed on the gas stove. Measurements were made on temperature and electrical output from TEG. The energy balance calculation was carried out to determine the efficiency of GSPTG. The research results show that using F-HHX will affect the energy balance and electrical output from GSPTG. The tilted fin type absorbs the most heat energy from a heat source at 94.112 J/s. The results of measuring the power output of the TEG module when the F-HHX tilted fin model is applied produce the highest power output at 3,369 Watts if compared with the other fin. Using the F-HHX tilted fin model indicates that it is more effective as a GPSTG hot side heat exchanger because it absorbs more heat and produces power output. Keywords: Waste heat- gas stove- heat exchanger- energy balance- power output. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nugroho Tri Atmoko)

366	Waste Management and Recycling	ABS-4
The Effect of 0.8% Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic Waste Substitution on the Flexural Strength on K-175 Concrete Gunaedy Utomo1, Andi Marini Indriani2, Dinda Indah Damayanti3 Civil Engineering, Civil Engineering and Planning, Universitas Balikpapan, Balikpapan, Indonesia Abstract The use of plastics in daily life continues to increase in a variety of uses. One of the most commonly used plastic that is difficult to decompose is Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic. In recent years, such as the construction industry, has been trying to reuse the waste as construction material. Therefore, this research aims to contribute by exploring the effect of PET plastic fiber substitution as fine aggregate on the flexural strength of concrete. PET plastic fibers were used at 0.8% as partial replacement of fine aggregates and then chopped to a size of 5 cm long, 1-3 mm wide. The test results indicate that concrete containing 0.8% PET plastic fiber as a substitution of fine aggregate has a higher flexural strength value of 4.32% which is better than normal concrete. Therefore, using recycled PET fiber in concrete is needed as an eco-friendly and sustainable construction material in the future in order to minimize PET plastic waste and replace it as a concrete constituent material. Keywords: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)- Flexural Strength- Fiber Concerete- Waste Management Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Andi Marini Indriani)

367	Waste Management and Recycling	ABS-260
Fuel Oil From Plastic Waste Using The Pyrolysis Method Eva Hertnacahyani Herraprastanti (a*), Muhammad Arif Ashraf (b), Retno Wahyusari (c), Helmi Gunawan (a), Daniswara Yoranza Alfreda (a), Yobelium Ryan Marcilo (a), Ahmad Nur Aziz (a) (a) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ronggolawe College of Technology, Jalan Kampus Ronggolawe Blok B No 1 Cepu-Blora 58315, Central Java, Indonesia *ev.hertna[at]gmail.com (b) School of Engineering and Technology, UNSW Australia. (c) Department of Informatics, Ronggolawe College of Technology, Jalan Kampus Ronggolawe Blok B No 1 Cepu-Blora 58315, Central Java, Indonesia Abstract Plastic waste accounts for 17% of the staggering 68.5 million tons of national waste, driven by the convenience-seeking lifestyle leading to increased single-use plastic consumption. Addressing this issue necessitates policies and exceptional efforts to manage plastic waste from its origins to disposal. One significant effort involves converting plastic waste into oil through pyrolysis, a high-temperature decomposition process without oxygen. This study focuses on Pondok Pesantren At. Tajdid, facing mounting plastic waste issues from resident students, that aim to convert plastic waste into oil using pyrolysis. Technical specifications describe a pyrolysis apparatus comprising a combustion furnace, pyrolysis tubes, a condenser, and related components. This innovation^s strengths lie in its ability to process PP, PET, plastics into fuel oil, providing an alternative energy source. Innovative pyrolysis equipment, utilizing electrical energy unlike its LPG-powered counterparts, was implemented at SMA At Tajdid Cepu. The process involves preparing plastic, feeding it into the reactor, running the pyrolysis apparatus at 500-700 Celcius for approximately 4 hours to yield oil. The apparatus accommodates a maximum of 500 grams of mineral water bottle plastic waste. Through experimentation, 350 grams of plastic produced 270 ml of fuel oil, translating to approximately Rp 11,565 per kilogram of plastic waste processed. The innovation showcases the potential to provide an alternative energy source while managing plastic waste sustainably. Keywords: Fuel Oil, Plastic Waste, Pyrolysis Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Eva Hertnacahyani Herraprastanti)

368	Waste Management and Recycling	ABS-7
Comparison Analysis of Eco-friendly and Non Eco-friendly Packaging in Meeting Market Demands for Home Industries to Support the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals in West Java Rana Ardila Rahma (a*), Fransisca Debora (a*), and Hani Fitria Rahmani (b*) a) Department of Industrial Engineering, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang, Indonesia b) Department of Accounting, Universitas Nasional Pasim Bandung, Indonesia Abstract In recent decades, the use of plastic packaging has increased significantly worldwide, including in Indonesia. The amount of waste produced in Indonesia, according to the National Waste Management Information System Data of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, reached 19.45 million tonnes by 2022, while the West Java Province itself produced about 1.07 million tonnes of garbage per month. One of the contributing activities of the waste is the use of plastic packaging by household industry enterprises. The more prevalent use of plastics is by household activity, which accounts for 39.63% of the total use of garbage. This is due to the function and quality of the packaging that are of concern to entrepreneurs and consumers, but the need for support for the implementation of green development can affect the effect of packaging being environmentally friendly. In this study, we will compare the quality of eco-friendly and non-ecologically friendly packaging using the House of Quality (HOQ) method. HOQ is a method that can provide knowledge of the expectations and wishes of customers for a product. Thus, through this comparison test, we get recommendations for packaging results according to customer expectations that can be applied to the household industry. It emerged that the first order of priority that needs to be considered is packaging that is not easily damaged/broken and the last priority for consumers in choosing packaging is the weight of packaging. The implementation of this research also results in an external target, which is an indexed international proceeding. The benefits of this research for researchers are insight and experience, as well as basic research material related to sustainable development goals, fund analysis, and market needs that can be applied to dedication and teaching. Keywords: Eco Packaging- Home Industry. Sustainable Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rana Ardila Rahma)

369	Waste Management and Recycling	ABS-11
The Influence Of Cementation Solution On The Permeability Of Waste Sludge Stabilized With Bacteria As A Temporary Landfill Cover Andi Marini Indriani, Maslina, Gunaedy Utomo, and Alfian Rahmadi Department of Civil Engineering, Universitas Balikpapan, Indonesia Abstract Piles of rubbish can produce liquid waste called leachate. Leachate from landfills can have negative impacts on the environment and humans. To minimize the impact of leachate on the surrounding environment, the waste is covered with material that can isolate it from the surrounding environment. PDAM sludge waste is a by-product of drinking water system processing that originates from surface water. Therefore, this research was carried out in order to determine the effect of cementation solution on the permeability coefficient value of Temporary Landfill Cover using PDAM waste sludge material. This research uses PDAM sludge material reinforced with MICP (Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation). The research results revealed that the sample permeability met the criteria for temporary landfill cover, namely between 10-4 to 10-5 cm/s. Where the highest permeability was found in the 0,75M sample with a 7 day period, namely 4.07x10-4 cm/s and the lowest permeability obtained was 6.67x10-5 cm/s with a cementation solution concentration of 0,25M during the dormant period for 28 days. The test results show that strengthening soil stability by adding cementation solution using the MICP method can reduce permeability values, thereby reducing the possibility of environmental damage by leachate water. Keywords: MICP, Bacillus Subtilis, Sludge Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Andi Marini Indriani)

370	Waste Management and Recycling	ABS-42
Analysis of Differences in The Characteristics of Bio-pellets Based on Coconut Coir, Rice Husk, and Sawdust Waste Dino Rimantho, Nur Yulianti Hidayah, and Deviana Eka Putri Universitas Pancasila Abstract The increasing energy needs must be balanced with the availability of the right energy, namely by efforts to use new and renewable energy sources (NRE). Bio-pellet is one of the renewable alternative energy that has great potential in Indonesia. In this study, bio-pellets were made into two compositions with the raw materials used, namely coconut coir waste, rice husks, and sawdust. The composition of bio-pellet A was made in a ratio of 1:1:1 and the composition of bio-pellet B was made in a ratio of 1:0,5:0,5. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a significant difference between the calorific value of the two bio-pellet compositions and to determine the composition of the raw materials that can produce the best quality bio-pellet. The method used in this study is the hypothesis test of the difference between the two averages. The results of the hypothesis test indicated that there is a significant difference between the average calorific value of bio-pellet composition A and composition B. Thus, the difference in the ratio of the composition of the raw materials used has an influence on the calorific value of the resulting bio-pellet. The test results showed that the bio-pellets with the best quality are bio-pellet composition A with a density value of 1.51 g/cm3, water content of 9.9%, ash content of 13.65%, content of volatile matter 61.625%, fixed carbon content of 14,825%, total sulfur content of 0.05%, and calorific value of 3458.5 kcal/kg. Keywords: Bio-pellet, Coconut Coir, Rice Husk, Sawdust, Calorific Value Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dino Rimantho)

371	Waste Management and Recycling	ABS-73
Modular Footwear Design as a Way to Optimize Industrial Raw Materials and Preserve the Environment Tiko Prabhata Perbawanto Putro, Yan-Yan Sunarya, Budi Yuwono, Ariani Rahman, Sangayu Ketut Laksemi Nilotama, Harozila Ramli, Wegig Murwonugroho (CA) 1. Magister of Product Design Study Program, Art and Design Faculty, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia 2. Craft Program Study, Art and Design Faculty, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia 3. Visual Commmunication Study Program, Sekolah Tinggi Seni Rupa dan Desain Visi Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 4. Product Design Program Study, Art and Design Faculty, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia 5. Interior Design Study Program, Art and Design Faculty, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia 6. Faculty of Art , Sustainabilty and Industry creative (Textile Craft and Art Education) Sultan Idris Education University (UPSI), Indonesia 7. Magister of Product Design Study Program, Art and Design Faculty, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract Environmental issues arising from footwear manufacturing waste have been a long-standing issue that has yet to be adequately addressed. The goal of this project is to create a modular footwear design that maximizes raw material utilization, is adaptable to current trends, and lowers the impact of fashion industry waste to the environment. The footwear design in this study was created utilizing Design Thinking, with the processes divided into three categories: pre-design, design, and post-design. A modular footwear design was successfully constructed using the Design Thinking process. The modular footwear design meets three eligibility conditions that are adjustable to the user^s specific choices, according to the aims and needs specified in the Emphatize step. This need is a prerequisite for the next two requirements, which are sustainability and near-zero waste production efficiency. The findings of user empirical testing show that this modular footwear design is compatible and ergonomic. According to the LCA test results, the life cycle of this modular design footwear is classed as ecologically friendly. The study^s findings have significance for art and design debate, as well as for future research to build design modification variants. Keywords: modular footwear, sustainable design, green design Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Tiko Prabhata Perbawanto Putro)

372	Waste Management and Recycling	ABS-81
Accumulation of Pb in Brassica juncea in Response to Sludge Paper Waste Application Rika Yayu Agustini, Winda Rianti, Devie Rienzani Supriadi, Muharam Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang Abstract Sludge is one of the wastes produced by the paper industry which has the potential to be used as an ameliorant material. However, the obstacle is that sludge is considered a toxic and dangerous material because of the presence of heavy metals in it, especially the heavy metal Pb. The aims of this study was to determine the amount of heavy metals accumulated in cocopeat and biochar planting media combined with sludge paper waste, roots and leaves of the Brassica juncea plant as accumulator plants. The pot experimental was set up in a Single Factor Randomized Group Design consisting of 6 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment used was a combination of planting media (cocopeat and biochar) with sludge paper waste consisting of treatments A (cocopeat), B (biochar), C (cocopeat + paper sludge organic fertilizer 3:1), D (biochar + fertilizer paper sludge organic fertilizer 3:1), E (cocopeat + paper sludge organic fertilizer 1:1), F (biochar + paper sludge organic fertilizer 1:1). The results showed that biochar media had a higher accumulation of heavy metal Pb in plant roots, while cocopeat media translocated more to leaves. The study showed that biochar and cocopeat media are effectiive media capable of accumulating and translocating the heavy metal Pb, both in the planting medium and into plant tissue However, the value of the Translocation Factor in each treatment was included in the low category, namely TF<1. Keywords: Accumulation, Brassica Juncea, Sludge, Pb, Waste Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rika Yayu Agustini)

373	Waste Management and Recycling	ABS-89
SUSTAINABLE FOOD WASTE RECYCLING IN INDONESIA TO SUPPORT A CIRCULAR ECONOMY: LITERATURE REVIEW AND VALORIZATION OPTIONS Elfira Febriani Harahap Universitas Trisakti Abstract Food waste management is an important environmental problem in many developing countries, including Indonesia. Recycling food waste in Indonesia is traditionally done for making compost, landfilling, and animal feed. Therefore, this paper aims to conduct a detailed literature review regarding food waste management and valorization options in Indonesia. The amount of food waste in Indonesia is quite high and needs to be recycled to encourage a circular economy. Some valorization methods are animal feed processing, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, fermentation, and incineration. The Global Warning Potential (GWP) of anaerobic digestion (AD) for food waste processing is lower than composting or landfilling. An integrated biorefinery approach (HTC, fermentation, and AD) in the FW valorization process leads to a circular economy. The biorefinery process reduces carbon due to reduced waste and replaces bio-based products with fossil-based products. Therefore, using biorefineries may have the greatest climate impact in achieving net zero emissions and carbon emissions. FW recycling is one way to contribute to the circular economy and is a sustainable approach to reducing FW waste. Keywords: food waste, recycling, FW valorization, circular economy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Elfira Febriani Harahap)

374	Waste Management and Recycling	ABS-96
Application of Coffee Skin Compost on the Growth of Early Robusta Coffee Seedlings in the Sanggabuana Mountains, Karawang Fawzy Muhammad Bayfurqon, Bastaman Syah, Yayu Sri Rahayu, Rommy Andhika Laksono Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang Abstract Application of the use of sanggabuana husk waste in an effort to preserve and develop sustainable agriculture in Karawang Regency, the use of coffee husk waste aimed to reduce agricultural waste where the sustainable agricultural system was to increase environmental damage, maintain productivity, increase farmers^ income and improve quality and productivity. quality of life of people in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the application of Sanggabuana coffee husk waste compost in the main nursery of Sanggabuana coffee. This study uses an experimental method with coffee husk waste compost as a treatment factor. The treatment factors for coffee skin waste consist of 5 levels, namely A. No Compost Waste (0g/polybag), B. 200 g/polybag of coffee husk compost, C. 400 g/polybag of coffee husk compost, D. 600 g/polybag coffee husk waste compost, E. 800 g/polybag coffee husk waste compost. The design used in this study was a Randomize Block Design (RBD) which consisted of 1 factor and 5 levels and was carried out 4 times so that there were 20 experimental units. The results obtained were that coffee husk compost had a significant effect on the initial seeding of Sanggabuana robusta coffee. Keywords: Coffee skins compost, Seedling Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fawzy Muhammad bayfurqon)

375	Waste Management and Recycling	ABS-97
Test Of Yield Power And Characteristics Of White Oyster Mushroom Mycelium With Proportion Substitution Of Organic Growing Media Agricultural Waste Karawang District Rommy Andhika Laksono- Gina Lova Sari- Tasya Safira-Fawzy Muhammad Bayfurqon *Anggun Pertiwi Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang *Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang Abstract The main problem with agriculture in Karawang is the difficulty of achieving a zero waste agriculture production system, so that agricultural waste such as rice farming waste in the form of rice husks or husks, and coconut fibers from coconut plantation waste have not been utilized and tend to disturb the environment. The aim of this research is to produce alternative nutrients from organic agricultural waste, and produce substitutes for the proportion of organic planting media from agricultural waste in the form of husks and coconut fiber which can reduce the use of sawdust. The experiment was carried out in Pinayungan Village, East Telukjambe District, Karawang Regency, West Java. The research method used was an experimental method with a single factor Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisting of 3 replications and 9 treatments so that there were 27 experimental units, each experimental unit consisting of 5 Baglogs. Data were analyzed using the F test at the 5% level. If it has a significantly different effect, then use the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a significance level of 5%. The research results showed that the substitution of 25% coconut fiber composition was able to provide the fastest average distribution of mycelium in baglog for 27.80 days, the average harvest intensity per week was 3.22 times, and the highest average fresh weight of oyster mushrooms per week was 103.01 grams per baglog. Keywords: Oyster mushrooms- rice husks- coconut fiber Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rommy Andhika Laksono)

376	Waste Management and Recycling	ABS-364
Dynamic System Modeling of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Cultivation for Circular Economy Support: An AHP-Based Implementation Strategy Miftahol Arifin, Alfin Hikmaturokhman, Nabila Noor Qisthani, Fikra Titan Syifa, Gita Fadila Fitriana Institut Teknologi Telkom Purwokerto Abstract The rising global demand for sustainable waste management solutions has spurred additional investigations into insect-based systems, particularly the Black Soldier Fly (BSF), as a potential solution within circular economy practices. Employing dynamic systems modeling, this study elucidates the intricate interactions within the BSF cultivation process and underscores the role of BSF in waste conversion and recycling. The integration of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) into the modeling framework aids in devising a comprehensive implementation strategy by considering factors that impact the success of BSF cultivation.The study^s results reveal that the models for each factor meet validity criteria, displaying values ranging from 0.049 to 0.059. While the pessimistic scenario does not indicate a significant risk difference, the moderate scenario indicates a risk value change of approximately 2.121 points by 2030 post-intervention. Conversely, the optimistic scenario demonstrates a notable shift in the risk value, totaling around 1721.8 points in 2030. This research advances sustainable waste management practices by offering a holistic approach to BSF cultivation through dynamic system modeling and AHP-guided decision-making. These insights are valuable for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners aiming to incorporate insect-based systems into circular economy frameworks, fostering more sustainable and robust waste management strategies. Keywords: Black Soldier Fly, Dynamics System, Maggot, Waste Management, Circular Economy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (MIFTAHOL ARIFIN)

377	Waste Management and Recycling	ABS-130
The Utilization of Non-Economic Plastic Waste as A Substitute for Paving Blocks to Enhance Reduction of Domestic Waste Gina Lova Sari (a*), Fatma Nurkhaerani (a), Fransisca Debora (a) a) Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang Jalan H. S. Ronggowaluyo, Karawang, Indonesia *ginalovasari[at]gmail.com Abstract Reducing inorganic waste, especially plastic has been widely carried out in Indonesia using community-based principles through waste banks. However, the reduction is only limited to economically valuable plastic waste such as plastic bottles but leaves behind large amounts of non-economical plastic waste such as multi-layered plastic packaging, plastic bags, mica, and styrofoam. This research aims to assess the potential of non-economic plastic waste to become paving blocks. The current research was conducted using multi-layered plastic (100%)- styrofoam (100%)- mica (100%)- multi-layered plastic: styrofoam: aggregate (60%:20%:20%, w/w/w)- and multi-layered plastic: mica: aggregate (60%:20%:20%, w/w). All experimental paving blocks were measured for compressive strength and water absorption ability following to Indonesian National Standard No. 03-0691-1996. The results showed that all experimental paving blocks do not meet the standard of Indonesian for compressive strength. Nevertheless, all of paving blocks were observed to have met the water absorption quality standards for grade D paving blocks with a potential of 1.471-4.879%. Based to the results, non-economic plastic waste has a potential to be used as substitute for paving blocks, although further research is still needed. Keywords: Indonesia- Non-economic waste- Paving block- Plastic waste- Water absorption Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Gina Lova Sari)

378	Waste Management and Recycling	ABS-163
Characterization of Diesel Engines Fueled by Dual Fuel Syngas Gasification Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) and Dexlite Sigit Mujiarto, Bambang Sudarmanta, Hamzah Fansuri, Arif Rahman Saleh, Nurmala Dyah Fajarningrum, Nur Hayati Universitas Tidar Abstract The increasing energy demand is accompanied by a decrease in fossil energy, it is necessary to develop alternative fuels. Refuse derived fuel (RDF) which is a processed product from urban solid waste (MSW) can be used as alternative energy using gasification technology. The application of the three-stage gasification technology made from RDF is able to produce syngas with a tar content below 100 mg/Nm3, so that it can be used in internal combustion engines with dual fuel diesel technology. This research was conducted experimentally with the aim of knowing the performance characteristics of a diesel engine using duel fuel syngas as a result of gasification of RDF and dexlite. The test was carried out with a constant rotation of the diesel engine at 2200 RPM with varying electrical loads starting from 500 Watts to 7000 Watts with 500 watt intervals. Blower is added to supply combustion air with mass flow rate variation: 0.0068 kg/s- 0.0073 kg/s- 0.0078 kg/s- 0.0083 kg/s and 0.0088 kg/s. The research data measured the amount of dexlite that can be substituted with syngas, the specific value of fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, and engine operating temperature. The test results obtained that the dual-fuel system can substitute the highest dexlite of 43.45%, The results of this study can be used as a reference for the development of the use of duel fuel engines. Keywords: Diesel, RDF, Syngas, Dexlite, AFR, Duel Fuel Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sigit Mujiarto)

379	Waste Management and Recycling	ABS-237
Comparison of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) reduction in acid mine drainage (AMD) using alum and eco enzyme Christin Palit(a), Suliestyah(a), Reza Aryanto(a), Kevin Nathaniel(a), Bambang Cholis Suudi(b), Shahrul Nizam Ahmad(c) (a)Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Earth and Energy Technology, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia (b)Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia (c)School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Abstract Acid mine drainage (AMD) is liquid waste from mining activities that has a very low pH and contains very high total suspended solids (TSS). TSS reduction experiments were carried out using eco enzyme which are easy to make, cheap, and minimize the occurrence of sludge deposits. Eco enzyme were made from 50% papaya, 40% dragon fruit, and 10% orange peel. The fermentation process lasts for 3 months using a composition of water, fruit peel, and molasses of 10:3:1. Eco enzyme characterization includes pH, bacteria killing power, and amylase and cellulase enzyme activity. Optimization of operating conditions for treatment was carried out using variations in dose, time, pH, and shaker temperature, with an initial TSS level of 1200 ppm. The research results show that the optimal conditions for treatment using alum are a dose of 0.03 grams/200 mL, a contact time of 5 minutes, a solution pH of 7, and a shaker temperature of 25oC, resulting in a TSS reduction between 92-97%. The optimal conditions for treatment using eco enzyme are a dose of 10 mL eco enzyme/200 mL, a contact time of 5 minutes, a solution pH of 4.5, and a shaker temperature of 30oC, which produces a TSS reduction between 93-97%. The weight of the sediment that occurs after treatment using alum is 2-2.3 grams per 200 mL, while in treatment using enzymes, it is 0.2-0.6 grams per 200 mL of AMD. This shows that treatment using eco enzyme is more effective than using alum. Keywords: acid main drainage, total suspended solid, alum, eco enzyme, and enzymes activity Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Suliestyah Suliestyah)

380	Waste Management and Recycling	ABS-248
Improving Waste Tyre Oil Propesties Using Natural Zeolit Catalyst Sunaryo, Suyitno, Zainal Arifin, Muji Setiyo, Hermawan, and Akhmad Irfan 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sains AlQuran, Indonesia 2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia 3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, Indonesia 4. Department of Architecture, Universitas Sains AlQuran, Indonesia Abstract Tyre is a polymer material that is not biodegradable. If it is not treated in the right way, it will cause considerable problems. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with waste tyre processing. One of the methods to deal with tyre waste is pyrolysis. The pyrolysis process was conducted with and without a zeolite catalyst. This study aims to determine the characterisation of natural zeolite after activation and its effect on the pyrolysis of waste tyres. The characteristics of natural zeolite were carried out using BET and EDX tests. The amount of catalyst used in this pyrolysis process is 10 percent of the total weight of waste tyre which is 500 grams. Based on the results of the study, the activation process of zeolite affects the amount of surface area and Si and Al ratio of natural zeolite catalysts. The yield of liquid fuel with the catalyst tends to decrease. In the temperature range of 250 C until 350 C, the product liquid ranges from 30 until 33 wt percent, but has a lower flash point. Natural zeolite from Indonesia has proven to be a promising catalyst for catalyst applications. Keywords: Waste tyre, Pyrolysis, Catalyst, Natural zeolite Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sunaryo Sunaryo)

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