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61	Legal Frameworks for Inclusive Digital Transformation	ABS-35
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR ONLINE FRAUD VICTIMS IN THE CONTEXT OF INCLUSIVE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN INDONESIA Eka Wahyu Ochtaviana Law Program, Faculty of Law, Social and Politic Science, Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia Abstract This study analyzes the legal protection framework for online fraud victims amidst the rapid digital transformation in Indonesia. Although digital development has fostered inclusive economic growth, it has also increased the public^s vulnerability to cybercrime. This research finds that the existing legal framework, namely the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE) and the Criminal Code (KUHP), remains partial and ineffective in ensuring the restoration of victims^ rights. The current regulations primarily focus on criminal aspects and sanctions for perpetrators, while the mechanism for restitution or compensation for victims is often unclear and difficult to access. This research employs a normative legal research method with a descriptive-analytical approach, applying both a statute approach and a conceptual approach. Primary and secondary legal materials were analyzed qualitatively to identify legal gaps and formulate an ideal protection model. The analysis results show that victims face significant challenges in accessing justice, such as difficulties in evidence collection and perpetrator tracing, the low capacity of law enforcement officials, and limited public digital literacy. To address these issues, this article proposes a multidimensional solution. First, regulatory reforms are needed to focus on victims^ rights and establish a more explicit duty of care for digital service providers. Second, enhancing the capacity of law enforcement in digital forensics and inter-agency collaboration is essential. Third, a stronger collaboration among the government, the private sector, and the public is required to build an integrated case reporting and handling system. Finally, inclusive digital transformation, supported by massive digital literacy campaigns, must serve as a fundamental foundation for creating a safe and equitable digital space for all citizens. Keywords: Online Fraud, Legal Protection, Cybercrime Victims, Inclusive Digital Transformation, Restitution, Legal Gap Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Eka Wahyu Ochtaviana)

62	Legal Frameworks for Inclusive Digital Transformation	ABS-36
Legal Protection for the LGBT Community in the Era of Inclusive Digital Transformation in Indonesia Arsita Nafa Bila Law Program, Faculty of Law, Social and Political Science, Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia Abstract This study aims to analyze the legal protection for the LGBT community in Indonesia amidst the era of inclusive digital transformation. Employing a normative legal research method, the study examines the existing legal framework, including the 1945 Constitution and Law No. 1 of 2024 on the Second Amendment to Law No. 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions (the ITE Law), as well as the challenges and loopholes in its implementation. The findings reveal that current legal protection is partial and ineffective, primarily due to the absence of regulations that explicitly include sexual orientation and gender identity as categories protected from discrimination. The phrasing of articles in the ITE Law is deemed overly general, and its application is often hindered by bias among law enforcement officials, which makes victims of cybercrimes such as cyberbullying and doxing particularly vulnerable. This research concludes that comprehensive measures are needed, ranging from revising the ITE Law and providing training for law enforcement, to collaborating with digital platforms and launching public education campaigns, in order to create a legal and social ecosystem that is truly inclusive and non-discriminatory. Keywords: Legal Protection, LGBT, Digital Transformation, Digital Inclusivity, Gender identity Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Arsita nafa Bila)

63	Legal Frameworks for Inclusive Digital Transformation	ABS-39
Juridical Analysis of Online Gambling as a Challenge to Realizing Inclusive Digital Transformation Fariz Hannan Rahmat Law program, Faculty of Law, Social and Political Science, Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia Abstract In the era of rapid digital transformation, digital inclusivity has become a crucial pillar of national development, ensuring equitable access to technology for all members of society. However, the widespread phenomenon of online gambling in Indonesia poses a serious challenge to achieving this goal. This study aims to juridically analyze online gambling practices as a structural barrier to realizing inclusive digital transformation. Using a normative legal research method with conceptual and statutory approaches, this study examines the weaknesses in the existing legal framework, particularly in the implementation of the ITE Law and the Criminal Code. It also evaluates law enforcement challenges in the context of transnational and anonymous cybercrimes. The analysis shows that overlapping regulations, limited international cooperation, insufficient monitoring technology, and low public digital literacy are the main obstacles in combating online gambling. Furthermore, the predominantly repressive legal approach is deemed inadequate to meet the need for a safe and inclusive digital transformation. Therefore, adaptive and collaborative regulatory reform is necessary, including strengthening digital literacy, establishing a protection system for vulnerable groups, and enhancing inter-agency and international cooperation. This study recommends a more holistic digital legal policy reform as a foundation for creating a digital ecosystem that is fair and free from the threat of online gambling. Keywords: Digital Transformation- Inclusivity- Online Gambling- Law Enforcement- Digital Literacy- Cyber Regulation- Transnational Crime Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fariz Hannan Rahmat)

64	Legal Frameworks for Inclusive Digital Transformation	ABS-45
PENGARUH IDENTIFIKASI PARTAI (PARTY-ID) TERHADAP SPLIT TICKET VOTING (STV) PADA PEMILU SERENTAK 2019 DI SUMATERA BARAT (1) Pangi Syarwi, S.IP., M.IP (2) Prof. A. Ramlan Surbakti, Drs., MA., Ph.D. (3) Dr. Muhammad Asfar, Drs., M.Si (1) Dosen Program Studi Ilmu Politik, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Bung Karno, Jakarta (2) Departemen Politik, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Airlangga Abstract PENGARUH IDENTIFIKASI PARTAI (PARTY-ID) TERHADAP SPLIT TICKET VOTING (STV) PADA PEMILU SERENTAK 2019 DI SUMATERA BARAT Pangi Syarwi, S.IP., M.IP, Dr. Muhammad Asfar, Drs., M.Si ABSTRAK Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh identifikasi partai (party identification/party-ID) terhadap perilaku split-ticket voting dalam Pemilu Serentak Presiden dan Legislatif 2019 di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Split ticket voting didefinisikan sebagai perilaku pemilih yang membagi pilihan politiknya antara partai dalam pemilu legislatif dan calon presiden dari koalisi partai lain dalam pemilu eksekutif. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif berbasis survei lapangan terhadap 800 responden, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa party-ID memiliki pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap split-ticket voting. Semakin kuat identifikasi pemilih terhadap partai politik tertentu, semakin kecil kemungkinan mereka membagi suara dalam pemilu serentak. Temuan ini sejalan dengan teori klasik The American Voter dan menegaskan pentingnya afiliasi politik sebagai variabel penentu dalam perilaku elektoral. Penelitian ini juga menyoroti konteks khusus sistem multipartai Indonesia, di mana kelemahan party-ID berkontribusi terhadap meningkatnya perilaku elektoral yang pragmatis dan personalistik. Kata kunci: identifikasi partai, split-ticket voting, perilaku memilih, Pemilu Serentak, party-ID, Sumatera Barat ABSTRACT This study examines the effect of party identification (party-ID) on split-ticket voting behavior in the 2019 Simultaneous Presidential and Legislative Elections in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Split-ticket voting refers to the behavior of voters who split their choices between a political party in the legislative election and a presidential candidate from a different coalition in the executive election. Using a quantitative approach based on a field survey of 800 respondents, the findings reveal a significant negative relationship between party-ID and split-ticket voting. The stronger the voter^s identification with a particular party, the lower the likelihood of engaging in vote-splitting. These results align with the classic theory proposed in The American Voter and underscore the role of partisan affiliation as a key determinant of voting behavior. The study also highlights the contextual dynamics of Indonesia^s multiparty system, where weak party-ID contributes to the rise of pragmatic and candidate-centered voting patterns. Keywords: party identification, split-ticket voting, voting behavior, simultaneous elections, party-ID, West Sumatra Keywords: party identification, split-ticket voting, voting behavior, simultaneous elections, party-ID, West Sumatra Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Pangi Syarwi)

65	Legal Frameworks for Inclusive Digital Transformation	ABS-63
Legal Framework for Inclusive Digital Transformation: Ombudsman Role in Ensuring Citizens Rights Eka Dewi Kartika Universitas Hasanuddin Abstract Digital transformation in public service delivery has become a central pillar of Indonesia^s national bureaucratic reform, promoting efficiency, transparency, and accountability. However, the acceleration of digitalization has not been adequately accompanied by legal instruments that explicitly uphold the principle of inclusivity, resulting in potential digital exclusion of vulnerable groups, including remote communities, the elderly, and persons with disabilities. This study identifies a legal vacuum regarding the absence of a clear, operational, and enforceable regulatory framework that mandates public service providers to guarantee digital accessibility and establish robust accountability mechanisms in the event of rights violations. Employing a normative juridical method, the research adopts statutory and conceptual approaches, and applies systematic and teleological interpretations of relevant legal norms-primarily Law No. 25/2009 on Public Services and Law No. 37/2008 on the Indonesian Ombudsman. The analysis reveals the strategic oversight function of the Ombudsman in protecting citizens^ rights within digital public service ecosystems through: (1) handling and investigating reports of maladministration involving electronic-based systems- (2) initiating investigations into discriminatory practices or restrictions on digital access- and (3) issuing corrective recommendations to public service providers utilizing technology in a manner that undermines the principle of equality. The study concludes with a call for the reformulation of a binding legal framework to ensure that digital transformation in public services is conducted fairly and inclusively. Furthermore, it underscores the need to strengthen the institutional capacity and mandate of the Ombudsman as an independent supervisory authority within the national digital governance architecture. Keywords: Legal Framework, Digital Transformation, Ombudsman, Protection of Citizens^ Rights Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Eka Dewi Kartika)

66	Legal Frameworks for Inclusive Digital Transformation	ABS-69
Urgency of National Digital Accessibility Standards for Inclusive Online Services Ni Komang Irma Adi Sukmaningsih Law and Social Science Faculty, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja, Bali Abstract This study investigated the absence of a clear and binding national standard on digital accessibility in Indonesia, which has created a significant legal gap and hindered equal access to online services for persons with disabilities. Although existing regulations, such as Law Number 8 of 2016 concerning Persons with Disabilities and Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions, uphold the principle of non-discrimination, they have not provided technical provisions aligned with international standards such as the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). This research was conducted using a normative juridical approach, supported by statutory analysis and comparative studies with global best practices. The proposed approach emphasized the integration of WCAG-based technical requirements into Indonesian legal frameworks, either through ministerial regulations or the development of a dedicated Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The findings revealed that the absence of such a legal framework leads to inconsistent implementation between government and private digital platforms, causing structural digital exclusion. The study concluded that regulatory reform is urgently needed to ensure inclusive and standardized digital environments. This reform would not only harmonize national practices with global norms but also strengthen Indonesia^s commitment to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), enhance social participation, and expand economic opportunities for persons with disabilities. Keywords: digital accessibility, disability rights, legal framework, WCAG Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ni Komang Irma Adi Sukmaningsih, M.H.)

67	Legal Frameworks for Inclusive Digital Transformation	ABS-78
Digitalization Governance in Industrial Estates as a Poverty Alleviation Strategy in Central Halmahera Regency Inka Nusamuda Pratama, Yudhi Lestanata, Ilham Zitri, Iwan Tanjung Sutarna, Ayatullah Hadi, Hidayatullah Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram Abstract The rapid growth of the nickel industry in Central Halmahera Regency over the past decade has driven a significant increase in Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). However, this increase has not been accompanied by a substantial reduction in poverty, with the poverty rate remaining at around 12% in 2023. This condition indicates a gap between macroeconomic growth and the welfare of local communities, partly due to the low utilization of digital technology in supporting the village economy in industrial areas. This study analyzes digitalization governance in industrial areas as a poverty alleviation strategy, emphasizing technology integration in strengthening the local economy. The study was conducted using a qualitative approach implemented through in-depth interviews with the local government, MSMEs, and industry stakeholders, and an analysis of policy documents related to village digitalization. Qualitative data were managed and analyzed using NVivo 12 Plus. The results show that planned and integrated digitalization governance contributes positively to increasing community non-industrial income, particularly through developing e-commerce-based MSMEs, expanding access to digital public services, and utilizing online education platforms. However, obstacles were identified, including low digital literacy among the community, limited internet infrastructure in several buffer villages, and a lack of coordination between local governments and industry players in implementing the innovative village program. This study recommends establishing a digital governance model based on pentahelix collaboration, strengthening digital literacy capacity, and developing equitable technology infrastructure to support sustainable poverty alleviation in the Central Halmahera industrial area. Keywords: Digital governance- industrial areas- poverty alleviation- smart villages Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Inka Nusamuda Pratama)

68	Legal Frameworks for Inclusive Digital Transformation	ABS-79
Digital Pathways to Inclusive Development: Islamic Economic Perspectives on Structural and Epistemic Justice in Indonesia Anindya Aryu Inayati1, Andhita Risko Faristiana2, Agung Barok Pratama3 1UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan 2UIN Kiai Ageng Muhammad Besari Ponorogo 3UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan Abstract This study critically examines Indonesia^s socio-economic system through the lens of structural and epistemic injustice, highlighting the role of digital transformation as a pathway to inclusive development within the framework of the Islamic economic paradigm. Despite constitutional, ideological, and religious commitments to social justice, persistent inequalities remain in the distribution of resources, representation, and participation. Structural injustice is evident in policy frameworks that disproportionately benefit economic elites while marginalizing informal sectors, rural communities, and small-scale producers. Within the Islamic economic framework, these imbalances contradict core principles such as adl (justice), maslahah (public welfare), ta^awun (mutual cooperation), and the prohibition of exploitation and monopolization. Using a qualitative-descriptive method, this research analyzes secondary data, policy documents, and critical literature to explore how power relations, institutional biases, and digital innovations interact in shaping inclusive development outcomes. Epistemic injustice emerges in the systemic neglect of the knowledge, voices, and lived experiences of marginalized groups-such as indigenous peoples, women, and the urban poor-in both policy-making and public discourse. In the digital era, these injustices can either be perpetuated or reduced, depending on how technology is integrated into economic governance. Digital platforms for zakat distribution, waqf management, halal e-commerce, and inclusive fintech offer opportunities to address economic exclusion while amplifying marginalized voices in decision-making processes. The findings suggest that realizing inclusive development in Indonesia requires not only equitable economic redistribution-as emphasized in Islamic economic instruments-but also the digitally-enabled democratization of knowledge and public space, ensuring that diverse voices are acknowledged, valued, and empowered in shaping the nation^s future. Keywords: Digital transformation, Epistemic Injustice, Inclusive Development, Islamic Economic Paradigm, Structural Justice Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Andhita Risko Faristiana)

69	Legal Frameworks for Inclusive Digital Transformation	ABS-80
Digital Rights as Human Rights: Rethinking Constitutional Guarantees in the Digital Era Safi, Zilda Khilmatus Shokhikhah Faculty of Law, Trunojoyo Madura University Abstract Abstract The rapid pace of digital transformation has given rise to a new dimension of human rights, namely digital rights, encompassing the right to online privacy, freedom of expression in cyberspace, and equitable access to information technology. This article aims to reinterpret Indonesia^s constitutional guarantees, particularly Article 28 of the 1945 Constitution, in relation to the protection of digital rights. Using a normative juridical approach combined with the statute approach and comparative approach, this study examines national legislation and comparative practices from countries that explicitly recognize digital rights. The findings indicate that while the Indonesian Constitution guarantees several rights that can be extended to the digital sphere, there is no explicit normative formulation that recognizes and protects digital rights as an integral part of human rights. This underscores the urgency of establishing a legal framework that is adaptive to technological developments, including the possibility of constitutional amendments or the enactment of specific legislation on digital rights. The study^s implications highlight the need for synergy among policymakers, academics, and civil society to ensure that Indonesia^s digital transformation is inclusive, equitable, and firmly grounded in human rights protection. Keywords: digital rights, human rights, constitution, digital transformation, personal data protection. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (ZILDA KHILMATUS SHOKHIKHAH)

70	Legal Frameworks for Inclusive Digital Transformation	ABS-84
Digital Transformation or E-court on Advocate Practices Mardhatillah, M. Ilham Adepio University of Bengkulu Abstract The high number of legal cases in Indonesia has made it difficult for courts to conduct trials. Efforts to increase the number of judges and courtrooms each year have not been sufficient to cope with the surge in cases. As a solution, the Supreme Court has implemented the digitisation of legal services through electronic courts (e-courts), which aim to facilitate parties to proceedings, including advocates, in online trials. This study analyses the impact of the implementation of e-court on the principles of justice and its influence on legal practice. Using a normative approach, the research method focuses on the study of positive legal norms in force to produce arguments, theories, or prescriptions as solutions to legal problems faced. The results of the study indicate that digitalisation through e-court does not alter the essence of judicial values but rather facilitates the conduct of court proceedings and assists lawyers in fulfilling their professional responsibilities. E-court facilitates lawyers in preparing and managing cases more efficiently, as well as providing better representation for their clients. Additionally, e-court offers convenience to the public by saving time and costs when registering and undergoing court proceedings. Keywords: advocate, e-court, judicial Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (MARDHATILLAH Mardhatillah)

71	Legal Frameworks for Inclusive Digital Transformation	ABS-87
Legal Dynamics in the Era of Digitalization and Globalization: Challenges for Legal Professional Institutions in the Future Rifki Alam University Terbuka Abstract The digitalization of legal institutions, along with technological developments, requires legal institutions to keep pace with current digital developments and to have the necessary technological or digital infrastructure to develop within their institutions. Legal development in Indonesia is crucial in the digital era, as technology continues to advance. Increasing the legal profession^s knowledge of technology will only make their work easier. In legal institutions, a significant amount of data must be kept confidential. Issues arise regarding the security of legal data, such as important files and legal documents, which must be properly stored and safeguarded. In today^s digital age, new crimes, such as hackers, are becoming increasingly widespread and rampant, as they easily breach computer security systems. This article is a normative legal research. Normative legal research is a research method used to conduct research on secondary sources. The results of this research suggest that legal institutions must be more vigilant in securing important documents within legal institutions to ensure the smooth running of law in Indonesia. Keywords: Digitalization, Globalization, Legal Profession Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (rifki alam)

72	Legal Frameworks for Inclusive Digital Transformation	ABS-88
Disruption of the Legal Profession: A Manifestation of the Ius Constituendum Principle in the Digital Era of Society 5.0 Yapiter Marpi University of Terbuka Abstract The legal profession is an honorable profession (officium nobile) that in carrying out its profession is under the protection of law, statutory regulations, and a code of ethics. Free and independent and not bound by a biocratic hierarchy. Given this reality, sometimes an advocate abuses his professional function, so that in society there is a perception that the legal profession defends the wrong and the work of the legal profession is not halal because the defense of the blind can reverse the state of the legal profession that will be associated with the digitalization era, where technological developments directly impact law firms, courts, police, prosecutors and other law enforcement agencies that will increasingly need many legal information engineers. It is evident in the presence of IT experts who also understand the law, which is expected to anticipate the potential negative impacts of electronic and internet use. Such expertise is also important for law enforcement institutions where they must be able to provide legal services that can help the public, the government and legislative bodies as regulators to see from a different perspective on developments in the world of law enforcement. Therefore, a joint effort is needed from all parties to seize opportunities and overcome these challenges. With strong collaboration and commitment, digital transformation can bring positive change to the legal world and improve the quality of legal services for the public. Disruption threatens the established legal profession, such as law firms, notaries, and courts. While previously the law seemed complicated for many laypeople, requiring legal counsel for those dealing with it, now artificial intelligence is available to solve various legal issues, eliminating the need for consultations with law firms. Keywords: Professional Disruption, Ius Constituendum, Society 5.0 Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yapiter Marpi)

73	Legal Frameworks for Inclusive Digital Transformation	ABS-89
JADA BAHRIN PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PATTERNS IN THE DIGITALIZATION ERA FROM A GOOD GOVERNANCE PERSPECTIVE Ndaru Satrio , Darman Saputra, dan M. Syaiful Anwar University of Bangka Belitung Abstract The implementation of good governance is a prerequisite for every government to realize the aspirations of the community, it is necessary to develop and implement an appropriate, clear and legitimate accountability system. The demand for governance to be carried out by involving the community in the administration of government is very large. Community aspirations are expected to be accommodated optimally based on the principles of good governance. In addition, obstacles that may be found in its implementation must also be carefully examined. This research is based on an empirical juridical method referring to the validity of legal norms contained in laws and court decisions in the community. Regarding community participation in village governance in the digitalization era in Jada Bahrin Village, Merawang District, Bangka Regency, from the perspective of good governance, it is not optimal. The less than optimal participation of the community in the administration of village governance is due to several obstacles. These obstacles include the following: (1) lack of interest from young people to fill important roles in government- (2) not many people have high school education or equivalent, thus affecting communication and thinking as well as community knowledge regarding technology- (3) main work that has taken up a lot of community time. Keywords: Public Participation, Digitalization, Good Governance Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ndaru Satrio)

74	Legal Frameworks for Inclusive Digital Transformation	ABS-92
E-Execution in Administrative Justice: Prospects and Challenges for Indonesia Legal System Nasrullah (a), Aqil Syahru Akram (b), Sonny Zulhuda (c), Muhammad Ajmal Qolfathriyuus (d), Muhammad Alim Kamil (e) (a) Faculty of Law Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (b,d) Faculty of Law Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta (c) Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyah of Law, International Islamic University Malaysia (e) Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Abstract The integration of digital technology into judicial processes has emerged as a strategic response to the demand for more efficient, transparent, and accessible justice systems. In Indonesia^s State Administrative Court (PTUN), the concept of electronic execution (e-execution) offers a potential solution to long-standing procedural inefficiencies in enforcing final court decisions. This article conceptualizes e-execution as a transformative legal innovation, outlining its functional framework and alignment with the principles of administrative justice. The discussion emphasizes potential benefits such as accelerated procedural timelines, reduced administrative costs, enhanced transparency through real-time monitoring, and improved access to justice, especially for remote communities. However, the study also identifies key challenges, including cybersecurity and data privacy risks, disparities in digital literacy, fragmented regulatory frameworks, infrastructural limitations, and institutional resistance to change. Using normative legal research, this study examines existing legal provisions, court regulations, and doctrinal perspectives to assess the readiness of Indonesia^s legal system for e-execution implementation. The findings underscore the need for a comprehensive and harmonized legal framework, supported by capacity-building programs and technological interoperability, to ensure that e-execution can be effectively integrated into Indonesia^s administrative justice system while safeguarding due process and public trust. Keywords: E-Execution, Administrative Justice, Digital Judiciary, Legal Reform Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aqil Syahru Akram)

75	Legal Frameworks for Inclusive Digital Transformation	ABS-113
Inclusive Legal Framework for Digital Transformation in Industrial Dispute Resolution: A Normative Analysis of the Job Creation Law and Its Implications for Workers Human Rights Aisyah Nurul Fajri Law Program, Faculty of Law, Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia Abstract This study presents a normative legal analysis of Indonesia Job Creation Law (Law No. 6 of 2023) with specific reference to its role in enabling digital transformation within industrial dispute resolution mechanisms. While the law seeks to enhance procedural efficiency through digitalization, it fails to adequately integrate principles of inclusivity and the protection of workers human rights. Disparities in digital access, particularly among informal and vulnerable labor groups, pose significant risks to equitable justice. The research employs a statute and conceptual approach to evaluate the legal framework^s alignment with international human rights instruments and its implications for substantive justice in labor relations. Findings indicate that the regulatory emphasis on efficiency and economic reform often overlooks structural barriers such as digital illiteracy, unequal infrastructure, and insufficient data protection safeguards. The paper recommends legal reform grounded in human rights principles, including hybrid dispute resolution models, digital literacy programs, and continuous policy evaluation. These measures are essential to ensure that digital transformation in industrial dispute resolution not only modernizes legal processes but also safeguards the rights and dignity of all workers. Keywords: Job Creation Law, Digital transformation, Industrial dispute resolution, Human rights, Access to justice Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aisyah Nurul Fajri)

76	Legal Frameworks for Inclusive Digital Transformation	ABS-114
Legal Regulatory Analysis of the Implementation of Posyandu Service Digitalization to Support Inclusive Maternal and Child Health Asenda Hella Purwaninda Law Program, Faculty of Law, Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia. Abstract The digitalization of Posyandu (Integrated Health Service Posts) is a strategic initiative to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility of maternal and child health services in Indonesia. However, its implementation is not yet fully supported by a comprehensive and inclusive legal regulatory framework. This study employs a normative juridical approach to analyze relevant regulations, such as the Health Law, Personal Data Protection Law, and Ministry of Health regulations on telemedicine. The findings indicate that current legal provisions remain fragmented and do not explicitly regulate digital Posyandu, particularly in aspects concerning the protection of sensitive data, the legal status of Posyandu cadres, and guaranteed access for vulnerable groups. The absence of clear technical standards, infrastructure guidelines, and monitoring mechanisms further exacerbates implementation challenges, especially in remote areas. Therefore, an ideal regulatory model is needed-one that integrates the principles of inclusivity, data security, and cross-sector governance. Such regulation is expected to ensure that digital Posyandu becomes a tool for realizing the right to health in a fair, secure, and sustainable manner for all mothers and children across Indonesia. Keywords: Digitalization, Posyandu, legal regulation, data protection, inclusivity, maternal and child health services. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Asenda Hella Purwaninda)

77	Legal Frameworks for Inclusive Digital Transformation	ABS-124
HARMONISASI HUKUM PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL DAN PERATURAN HUKUM PIDANA DALAM PENANGANAN KEJAHATAN SIBER DI ERA EKONOMI DIGITAL Rivaldhy N. Muhammad, Andri Sutrisno, Abdul Mutalib Universitas Terbuka, Jakarta, Indonesia. Institute of Business Law and Management, Jakarta, Indonesia. Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ternate, Maluku Utara, Indonesia. Abstract Abstract The rapid development of digital economy has created new challenges in law enforcement, particularly in addressing cyber crimes that transcend national boundaries. This study examined the harmonization between international trade law and criminal law regulations in combating cyber crimes in the digital economy era. Using a normative legal research approach with comparative legal analysis, this research analyzed existing legal frameworks, identified gaps in current regulations, and proposed harmonization strategies. The study found significant disconnection between international trade law provisions and criminal law enforcement mechanisms, creating legal uncertainties for businesses and challenges for law enforcement agencies. Key findings revealed that current regulatory frameworks lack comprehensive coordination between commercial and criminal aspects of cyber crimes, resulting in ineffective prevention and prosecution mechanisms. The research identified three critical areas requiring immediate harmonization: jurisdictional clarity, evidence collection procedures, and cross-border enforcement cooperation. The study concluded that establishing integrated regulatory framework combining trade law principles with criminal law enforcement mechanisms is essential for effective cyber crime prevention in digital economy. The proposed harmonization model includes unified legal definitions, streamlined reporting mechanisms, and enhanced international cooperation protocols. These findings contribute to the development of more effective legal frameworks for digital economy governance and cyber security enforcement. Keywords: cyber crime, digital economy, harmonization, international trade law, regulatory framework. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rivaldhy N Muhammad)

78	Legal Frameworks for Inclusive Digital Transformation	ABS-130
Indonesia Agrarian Law: A Transformative Model of Legal Pluralism Daryono *(a)- Antarain Prasanthi Sigit (b) a. Daryono, Faculty of Law, Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia b. Antarin Prasanthi Sigit, Faculty of Law, University of Indonesia. Abstract The Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA) of 1960 was enacted to rectify pluralistic nature of colonial agrarian law by establishing a legal framework that based on customary law (adat law) and aims to unify the diverse legal identities across Indonesia. The integration of customary law (hukum adat) into Indonesian agrarian law has significantly influenced the national legal identity, reflecting a complex interplay between adat law and modern legal principles. This integration is not merely a legal necessity but also a cultural imperative that seeks to preserve and promote the unique social fabric of Indonesian society. However, these attempts seem to create long-lasting disputes in agrarian resource management and customary land dispossession due to increased economic development. The protection of customary (adat) land is essential, overlay restrictive policies could hinder foreign investment, which is crucial for development. In 2023, Indonesian government enacted a controversial law on Job Creation (Omnibus Law) attempted to accelerate foreign investment by introducing a number of new legal institutions including a land bank, a right of management over vast land to non-government institution including private company, more freedom for foreigner to own property in Indonesia, and long-term land rights and lease. These new legal provisions create a tension with the Basic Agrarian Law 1960. The article discusses the current contestation of new land policy. It was argued that there needs a transformative process to facilitate evolutionary changes to promote equitable agrarian resource management. Keywords: Transformative Legal Pluralism, Inclusive legal Transformation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Daryono Daryono)

79	Legal Frameworks for Inclusive Digital Transformation	ABS-134
Analyzing Digital Transformation in Public Service Delivery: A Case Study of INA-DIGITAL 2045 Rio Yusri Maulana, Arissy Jorgi Sutan*, Aditya Romadhon Department of Government Studies, Universitas Jambi Department of Political Science, Universitas Jambi Abstract This study analyzed the digital transformation of public service delivery in Indonesia by focusing on the INA-DIGITAL 2045 initiative. The research addressed the problem of how digital transformation could reshape governance and enhance citizen-centered services in a large and diverse country. The study was important because it examined Indonesia^s long-term aspiration to modernize governance and public administration in alignment with its centenary vision. A qualitative research method was employed to capture the complexity of institutional, cultural, and technological changes involved in the process. Data were collected from government documents, strategic plans, and secondary literature and were analyzed using NVivo 12 Plus to identify thematic patterns and conceptual linkages. The proposed approach emphasized three dimensions: digital transformation, public service delivery, and governance modernization. The findings showed that INA-DIGITAL prioritized organizational and technological readiness as a foundation, while also incorporating citizen-centric elements and service delivery improvements. The analysis highlighted that success depended on harmonizing regulations, strengthening institutional capacity, and ensuring inclusivity in digital access. It was concluded that INA-DIGITAL represented both a technological and governance reform project, with potential to significantly improve accessibility, efficiency, and accountability in public services by 2045. However, the results also suggested that greater emphasis on service innovation and citizen engagement would be necessary to achieve transformative impact. This study contributed to understanding how digital governance initiatives could shape the trajectory of emerging democracies in the Global South. Keywords: Digital Governance, Digital Transformation, Governance modernization, INA-DIGITAL, Public service delivery Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Arissy Jorgi Sutan)

80	Promoting Social Inclusion through Digital Taxation Initiatives	ABS-4
Digital Taxation for Social Justice: Bridging Equity, Inclusion, and Sustainable Development Eko Hariyadi, Wing-Keung Wong, Fang, Ming Sheng, Virginia Amelia Supranta, Sahilali Saiyed 1Department of Business Administration, Asia University, Taiwan, 2Department of Finance, Fintech and Blockchain Research Center, and Big Data Research Center, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, 3Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, 4Department of Economics and Finance, The Hang Seng University of Hong Kong, Siu Lek Yuen, Hong Kong, 5Research scholar, Department of Business Administration, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan Abstract Raising revenue with digital methods gives government the chance to shape society by improving inclusion and equity, not only fiscal matters. This study investigates ways digital tax systems work to ensure fairness, openness and equal availability of government aid, considering their effect on underrepresented groups. To do this, the study mixes reviewing medical literature, studying case studies and looking at policy frameworks used in both developed and developing nations. The study concludes that while digital tax systems improve compliance, reduce costs and create more openness, they also lead to problems with digital education, limited infrastructure and leave some groups out of the process. The findings suggest that making good use of proper tax design, public-private alliances and user-driven practices can unite, rather than separate, people from different socioeconomic groups. This paper clarifies how digital governance, tax policies and social inclusion link to sustainable development priorities. Keywords: Digital Taxation, Social Inclusion, Government Services, Tax Transparency, Underserved Populations Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Eko Hariyadi)

81	Promoting Social Inclusion through Digital Taxation Initiatives	ABS-41
Equitable Digital Taxation for Inclusive Revenue Mobilization Elvira(a), Susanto(b) a). Faculty of Law, Universitas Pamulang, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia Jl. Raya Puspitek, Buaran., Kec. Pamulang, Kota Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15310 b).Faculty of Law, Universitas Pamulang, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia Jl. Raya Puspitek, Buaran., Kec. Pamulang, Kota Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15310 Abstract The rapid expansion of the digital economy had outpaced the capacity of traditional tax systems, particularly in developing countries. Although digital platforms generated substantial income, their contributions to public finance remained limited due to jurisdictional and structural gaps in existing tax regimes. This study aimed to explore digital taxation not solely as a fiscal mechanism, but as a strategic policy tool to enhance social inclusion. A qualitative doctrinal and comparative legal method was employed to analyze global digital taxation trends and compare them with national practices in selected developing countries, with a focus on Indonesia. The study proposed a framework that integrated digital tax policy with inclusive development goals, grounded in the theories of fiscal justice and inclusive governance. The findings revealed that aligning tax policy with the digitalization of the economy could enhance equity and state capacity in delivering public services. The research concluded with a normative-analytical model that could assist policymakers in designing fair, socially responsive, and development-oriented digital tax systems in an increasingly digital global landscape. Keywords: digital economy, digital taxation, equitable revenue, fiscal justice, social inclusion Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Elvira Elvira)

82	Promoting Social Inclusion through Digital Taxation Initiatives	ABS-46
The Moderation Role of Tax Socialization on Tax Knowledge and Implementation of the E-Filling System on Taxpayer Compliance Nabilah Az-Zahra Zhafira (a), Mienati Somya Lasmana (a), Siti Nuraini (a*,b) a) Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, Indonesia Jl Airlangga 4-5 Surabaya *sitinuraini[at]feb.unair.ac.id b) Accounting Doctoral Program, Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University, Indonesia Jl Airlangga 4-5 Surabaya Abstract This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the influence of tax knowledge and the application of the e-Filing system on taxpayer compliance with moderation of tax socialization. In this study, samples were taken from individual taxpayers of KPP Pratama Surabaya Gubeng using the Purposive sampling method. The analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis and moderation regression analysis (MRA). The results of the study found that there was a positive influence between tax knowledge on taxpayer compliance. The implementation of the e-Filing system also has a positive effect on taxpayer compliance. In contrast to tax socialization which is unable to moderate the influence of tax knowledge and the application of the e-Filing system on the compliance of individual taxpayers of KPP Pratama Surabaya Gubeng. Keywords: Taxpayer compliance- Knowledge of Taxation- E-Filing system- Tax Socialization Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Siti Nuraini)

83	Promoting Social Inclusion through Digital Taxation Initiatives	ABS-95
Strategies for Overcoming Obstacles in Attending Lectures at Open Universities (Case study of learning procedures with the PJJ system in the S1 Taxation study program of the Open University) Muhammad Firman Karim, S.Sos, M.Si Universitas Terbuka Jakarta Abstract Abstract The Open University (UT) as an organizer of open and distance higher education provides wide access to education for the community, including in the S1 Taxation Study Program. However, the independent learning model implemented by UT poses various obstacles for students, such as difficulty understanding complex tax materials without direct guidance, limited academic interaction, and challenges in managing independent study time. This research aims to identify the main obstacles faced by UT Taxation S1 students and formulate strategies that can help them overcome them. The research method used is a case study with a qualitative approach through interviews, observations, and analysis of academic documents. The results of the study show that strategies such as optimizing the use of online tutorials, forming virtual study groups, increasing the role of tutors in academic assistance, and strengthening learning motivation through soft skills training are very effective in helping students overcome these obstacles. These findings are expected to be an input for UT in improving the quality of distance education services, especially in the field of taxation. Keywords: Keywords: Open University, S1 Taxation, distance learning, lecture barriers, independent learning strategies Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Firman Karim)

84	Promoting Social Inclusion through Digital Taxation Initiatives	ABS-104
Test 1 Test 2 Test Abstract Test Keywords: Test Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Husna Putri Pertiwi)

85	Social Community Dynamics in the Digital Age	ABS-5
Actor Network Interoperability For Non-Procedural PMI Prevention Through Early Detection Strategy Ida Irawati1, Mani Festati Broto2, Sadu Wasistiono3, Susanti4 1,2,3,4Universitas Terbuka, Jl. Jenderal Ahmad Yani No.43, RT.5/RW.4, Utan Kayu Sel., Kec. Matraman, Kota Jakarta Timur, Indonesia Abstract Abstract The imbalance of economic growth and job availability triggers labor migration, including non-procedural migration. Push factors such as poverty and political instability, as well as pull factors such as job opportunities abroad, are the main drivers of migration. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The selection of key informants was carried out purposively. Key informants were selected based on two main criteria. First, informants have direct involvement in the development and implementation of policies related to migrant workers, so they can provide in-depth insights into the effectiveness, challenges, and shortcomings in the implementation of non-procedural migration prevention policies. Second, the selected informants also have roles in diplomacy and regulation aspects, including in the implementation of immigration policies. Informants are usually determined using snowball and accidental techniques. The data analysis tool used in this qualitative study is NVivo 12. The results of this study found that prevention of non-procedural migrant workers requires a holistic approach. The effectiveness of prevention policies is still low due to weak coordination. Collaboration between actors is not optimal due to sectoral egos. Practical suggestions, namely the use of real-time reporting applications is important for transparency and early detection based on risk indicators. Suggestions for the government and policy makers (BP2MI, Ministry of Manpower, Regional Government), namely the government must determine non-procedural migration risk indicators for the classification and intervention of vulnerable villages. Keywords: Non-procedural PMI in Malaysia, Non-procedural PMI Prevention, Early Detection Strategy, Actor Network Interoperability. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ida Irawati)

86	Social Community Dynamics in the Digital Age	ABS-12
Social Media^s Impact Towards Social Dynamics of Joylada Indonesian Writers until 2024 Rahma Aulia Nugraha Universitas Terbuka, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia Abstract The reason why this study was important to do is that this study was rarely researched, to know the impact of social media on the social dynamic of Joylada Indonesian Writers (one of the creative writing communities that had ever existed until September 31, 2024 in Indonesia), to prevent the potential data loss that can be used for case study of online writing community because the platform had significant social dynamics that are good to be learned. Even though the platform has not been operated in Indonesia and Laos since September 31, 2024 but the platform had significant social dynamics that are good to be learned. The research methods were case study, participant observation, and document analysis. The proposed approach is a qualitative approach. The major findings are social media Instagram, Facebook, and X become the place for Joylada Indonesian Writers. in Joylada^s Indonesian Writer Community on Facebook, the communication pattern tends to be from Joylada with minimal interaction from the writers. Meanwhile from Joylada^s Indonesian Writer Community in X and Instagram had good social cohesion, a strong community identity, activism, and inclusive community. Keywords: online writing community, social media, social dynamics Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rahma Aulia Nugraha)

87	Social Community Dynamics in the Digital Age	ABS-17
Indigenous Social Control Preventing Drug Misuse Among Pampang Youth in Digital Era Ameylia Puspita Rosa Dyah Ayu Arinstyas, Pipit Afrianti, Ayu Dewi Mayasari Public Administration Study Program, Universitas Mulawarman Abstract This study investigated the role of indigenous social control in preventing drug misuse among youth in Pampang Village, an urban indigenous community of the Dayak Kenyah in Samarinda, Indonesia. The research was motivated by increasing concerns over the digital era influence particularly social media on youth behavior and moral disengagement. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were gathered through interviews with the village head and local officers from the National Narcotics Agency (BNN), as well as field observations within the community. The findings revealed that, despite the exposure of youth to online risks, the Pampang community has sustained a strong internal system of social regulation rooted in customary practices. Regular community gatherings in the Lamin (traditional longhouse), especially during year-end cultural rituals, provide a platform for elders to convey collective advice and reinforce social norms. Additionally, close coordination between traditional leaders and state actors namely the Bintara Pembina Desa (village-based military officer) and Bhayangkara Pembina Keamanan dan Ketertiban Masyarakat (community police officer) enhances early prevention of social deviance. These mechanisms, based on communal shame, moral reinforcement, and solidarity, have effectively safeguarded youth from involvement in drug-related issues. The study concludes that indigenous social control, when aligned with formal institutional support, can serve as a resilient cultural framework for preventing youth delinquency in the digital age. Keywords: customary law- digital influence- indigenous youth- preventive strategy- social control Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ameylia Puspita Rosa Dyah Ayu Arintyas)

88	Social Community Dynamics in the Digital Age	ABS-23
Digital human rights activism: A systematic literature review of practices and debates across nations Raidah Intizar Yusuf, Alimuddin Unde, Syamsuddin Aziz Universitas Hasanuddin Abstract This study explores the ongoing debate about human rights as both a concept of social movement and a legal, institutional entity requiring organizations. The rise of digital media creates opportunities for collaboration between various stakeholders, allowing them to focus on the ultimate goal of activism: social change. We analyze the debates and implementation of digital activism related to human rights issues through a systematic literature review of 38 articles. The literature presents an ongoing debate between two conceptualizations of human rights: one as a social movement and the other as institutionalized within formal structures. This debate has implications for understanding the dynamics between organizational repertoires of activism and grassroots digital movements, particularly regarding the role of online contention. A mapping of the period from 2006 to 2023 reveals that citizen and local community initiatives more often drive digital activism than formal organizational campaigns. However, as the boundaries between these forms of activism increasingly blur, transnational collaborations encompassing NGOs and grassroots movements (including indigenous, diaspora, and citizen-led initiatives) have gained strength in digital activism. These developments suggest that sustained cooperation between organizational actors and grassroots movements is essential for achieving meaningful social change. Keywords: digital activism- human rights- NGO- grassroots movement Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Raidah Intizar Yusuf)

89	Social Community Dynamics in the Digital Age	ABS-24
Digital Disruption and Social Cohesion: Challenges and Opportunities for Communities Triyono Adi Saputro, Awalia Rina Rahmawati Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Abstract Digital disruption has fundamentally changed social interactions, creating challenges and opportunities for social cohesion in communities. This research examines the complex interactions between technology and society, emphasizing that successful communities are those that are able to balance the use of technology for connectivity with authentic face to face interactions. Using normative legal research methods and a case study approach, this research analyzes legal literature such as Law Number 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions, as well as other relevant regulations. The results show the importance of digital literacy and social media ethics programs to equip individuals with the ability to think critically and interact responsibly in online spaces. Communities also need to consciously integrate online and offline interactions to ensure technology is a complement, not a substitute, for meaningful personal relationships, in order to create resilient, inclusive and adaptive communities in the future. Keywords: digital disruption, social cohesion, community Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Triyono Adi Saputro)

90	Social Community Dynamics in the Digital Age	ABS-26
ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND FINTECH ADOPTION IN FISHERMEN COOPERATIVES: A CASE STUDY ON KOSELA IN INDONESIA Kridawati Sadhana(a*), Eko Agus Susilo(b), Heri Nuryanto(c), Durratun Nashihah(d), Chandra Dinata(e) (a,d,e) Departement of Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Merdeka Malang (b) Departement of Business Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Merdeka Malang (c) Departement of Culinary Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Merdeka Malang Abstract The application of financial technology (Fintech) in fishing cooperatives is an important strategy for addressing the socio-economic problems faced by Indonesia^s coastal communities. This study uses bibliometric analysis to investigate recent research on Fintech adoption, community empowerment, and digital transformation in the fishing industry, with a focus on the KOSELA semi-digital cooperative model. This analysis examines key articles and themes to provide insights into the relationship between Fintech adoption, social dynamics, and sustainable economic development in coastal locations. KOSELA helps local fishermen and improves financial inclusion, encouraging innovation and local economic resilience. KOSELA offers a model for improving financial access and community cooperation by combining digital tools with conventional cooperative structures. These findings show that user education and tailoring fintech services to meet the unique needs of cooperative members are essential to ensuring efficient use and optimal impact. In addition, this study identifies research gaps and suggests further research to examine how fintech adoption impacts fishing cooperatives in the long term. This includes the potential for fintech to improve market access, strengthen business models, and enhance cooperative social interaction. This paper enhances the discussion on community-based models in the context of economic development and technology integration in Indonesia by demonstrating the transformative potential of fintech in empowering fishing cooperatives and providing guidance for future research, policy, and practice aimed at promoting sustainable development in coastal communities. Keywords: Financial Technology (Fintech), Community Development, Digital Transformation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Kridawati Sadhana, MS.)

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