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151	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-22
Determining Critical Coupling Thresholds for Stable Synchronization in Heterogeneous 2D Cardiac Pacemaker Networks Netriani Veminsyah Ahda Bengkulu University Abstract The heart maintains its function through precise electrical coordination among pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial (SA) node, mediated by gap junction coupling. Disruption of cellular synchronization is a key precursor to arrhythmia- however, the minimum coupling threshold required to sustain stable rhythms in heterogeneous two-dimensional (2D) networks remains unclear. This study investigated pacemaker cell synchronization dynamics in the SA node using 2D heterogeneous network simulations based on the Morris-Lecar model, with the aim of identifying the critical coupling strength for rhythm stability. Cell-to-cell interactions were modelled as discrete diffusion coupling representing gap junction conductance, implemented using fourth-fifth order Runge-Kutta integration, with heterogeneous input currents applied to capture intrinsic variability. Synchronization was quantified using the Kuramoto order parameter (R) across a range of coupling conductance values (gcouple). The results showed that increasing coupling strength reduced membrane potential disparities and enhanced phase coherence, driving a transition from desynchronization to globally synchronized states. A critical transition was consistently observed at R &#8776- 0.9, indicating the emergence of stable rhythmic activity. These findings provide quantitative insight into the coupling-dependent mechanisms underlying rhythm stabilization in excitable cardiac tissue and may inform strategies for preventing arrhythmogenic behavior. Keywords: Cardiac pacemaker cells, Sinoatrial node, Gap junction coupling, Synchronization dynamics, Morris-Lecar model Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Netriani Veminsyah Ahda)

152	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-27
Perception and Adaptation of Medical Personnel to MRI Technology: An Organizational Communication Perspective in Central Papua Eunike Serfina Fajarini, Noprita Herari, Dewi Widowati, E. Nugrahaeni P., Habib Mohammad Ali, Kinkin Yuliaty Subarsa Putri Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia Green University, Bangladesh Abstract The implementation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technology in healthcare facilities, especially in regions with limited resources, presents a unique set of challenges for medical personnel, particularly in terms of perception and adaptation. This study aims to explore how medical personnel in a regional hospital in Central Papua perceive and adapt to the use of MRI technology, taking into account the cultural, organizational, and psychological factors that influence the adaptation process. Employing a qualitative research approach, data were collected through direct observations and in-depth interviews with key medical personnel, including radiologists and radiographers who are directly involved in operating the MRI equipment. The analysis of this study is grounded in the Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST) within the sociocultural tradition of communication, intersected with elements of the socio-psychological tradition to better understand the behavior, attitudes, and communication patterns that emerge during the adaptation process. Findings from the study reveal that successful adaptation to MRI technology in the hospital under study is not merely a matter of technical training or individual readiness. Rather, the process is deeply embedded in the organizational communication structures and cultural context of the institution. Specifically, in the Central Papua region, cultural dynamics play a pivotal role in shaping how new technologies are perceived and integrated. Unlike adaptation processes commonly observed in other organizational cultures (where direct training and top-down information dissemination may suffice) this study found that a more effective strategy involved two-step communication flows within small internal groups in the organization. These groups acted as mediators and trust agents, facilitating understanding, emotional assurance, and gradual behavioral changes among broader medical staff. Moreover, the study underscores the limitations of conventional one-size-fits-all digital transformation strategies in healthcare. In culturally distinct regions like Central Papua, adaptation requires a nuanced understanding of how communication and social interaction operate within the organizational ecosystem. It also highlights the importance of informal communication channels and peer learning in building technological competence and trust. From a theoretical standpoint, this research contributes to the discourse on communication and technology in healthcare by demonstrating how AST can be adapted to non-Western organizational settings. It also supports the socio-psychological notion that perceived usefulness and ease of use are not solely cognitive evaluations but are shaped through interpersonal interactions and collective meaning-making processes. Practically, the findings emphasize the urgent need for healthcare institutions (particularly those operating in underserved regions) to invest not only in technological infrastructure but also in culturally sensitive communication strategies. By fostering inclusive communication environments and leveraging local communication norms, healthcare organizations can enhance the readiness and resilience of medical personnel in facing the ongoing wave of digital transformation. In conclusion, this study confirms that effective organizational communication is a critical enabler of technological adaptation in healthcare. It calls for an integrated approach that bridges technology, culture, and human communication to support equitable and sustainable healthcare innovation, particularly in Indonesia^s diverse and resource-constrained regions. Keywords: communication transformation, cultural communication, health communication, MRI, SDG 3, technology adaptation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Noprita Herari)

153	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-39
The Influence of CT-to-Electron Density Calibration Models on the Accuracy of Radiotherapy Dose Calculation Bayu Ahmad Fauzan(1), Akbar Azzi(2), Aloysius Mario Yudi Putranto(3), Dewa Ngurah Yudhi Prasada(4) (1,2) Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia (3) MRCCC Siloam Hospitals Semanggi (4) Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Udayana Abstract Radiotherapy requires accurate dose calculation in heterogeneous tissues, and the conversion from CT number to electron density remains an important source of uncertainty in treatment planning system (TPS) calculations. This study evaluated the influence of four CT-to-electron density (CT-ED) calibration models, namely the native Somatom curve, the stoichiometric Schneider model, the empirical Kumamoto model, and the Nakao three-parameter model, on TPS point-dose accuracy in a heterogeneous thorax phantom. Experimental measurements were performed using a 6 MV photon beam from a Varian Clinac iX linear accelerator and a Farmer-type ionization chamber in a CIRS thorax phantom. For the primary analysis, dose was calculated on a detector-free reference CT, while detector regions of interest were delineated on detector-insert CT images and registered to the reference CT for dose extraction. TPS-calculated mean doses were compared with measured doses at five audit points representing soft tissue, lung, and bone-equivalent regions. The relative deviations for the Somatom model were 0.57%, 0.58%, 0.82%, 0.80%, and 1.00% at Points 1, 3, 5, 9, and 10, respectively. The corresponding deviations were 0.47%, 1.08%, 1.37%, 1.90%, and 1.35% for Schneider- 0.17%, 0.28%, 0.52%, 0.35%, and 1.00% for Kumamoto- and 0.32%, 0.53%, 1.07%, 0.55%, and 1.45% for Nakao 3p. All evaluated models satisfied the IAEA TECDOC 1583 acceptance criteria. Kumamoto yielded the lowest overall mean deviation, followed by Somatom and Nakao 3p, while Schneider showed the largest deviation among the primary models. These findings indicate that TPS dose calculation remained robust against CT-ED calibration variation under thorax phantom audit conditions, although small model-dependent differences persisted in heterogeneous media. Keywords: CT-to-Electron Density, Calibration Models, Hounsfield Unit, Radiotherapy Dosimetry Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Bayu Ahmad Fauzan)

154	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-42
The effect of feminist-perspective reproductive biology education on body image and reproductive self-agency in women of reproductive age Mega Ayu Permatasari, Pasupaleti Visva Rao, Ratih Affandi, Noprita Herari, E. Nugrahaeni P.S, Kinkin Yuliaty Subarsa Putri, Dini Safitri 1,4,5,6,7 [Universitas Negeri Jakarta / Communication Science], [Jakarta], [Indonesia] 2 [Reva University / Biotechnology], [Karnataka], [India] 3 [Universitas Pasundan / Communication], [Bandung], [Indonesia] Abstract Contemporary cellular biology has overturned the characterisation of the oocyte as a passive recipient in fertilisation. Evidence demonstrates that the egg cell actively produces chemoattractant signals to select sperm, deploys polyspermy-blocking mechanisms, and contributes maternal determinants governing early embryogenesis. Despite this, mainstream reproductive biology education continues to frame the oocyte as inert - a narrative with potential psychosocial consequences for women^s self-perception. This study examines whether a feminist-perspective reproductive biology educational intervention produces measurable improvements in reproductive body image and reproductive self-agency among women of reproductive age. A pre-experimental one-group pre-post test design was employed with a purposive sample of women aged 18-45 years (n = 51-60). Participants completed 60 minutes sessions covering the oocyte^s active biological roles, feminist critiques of conventional reproductive narratives, and reflective exercises connecting scientific knowledge to bodily self-perception. Outcomes were assessed using two validated instruments: the Reproductive Body Image Scale (RBIS) and the Female Reproductive Self-Agency Scale (FRSAS). Pre- and post-intervention scores were compared using paired-sample t-tests. Results indicate statistically significant increases in both reproductive body image and self-agency following the intervention, suggesting that gender-equitable science framing positively influences women^s reproductive self-perception. Implications for science education curriculum design and gender-responsive health policy are discussed. Keywords: Feminist Perspective Biology- Body Image- Reproductive Self Agency- Women Reproductive Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mega Ayu Permatasari)

155	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-46
Radiotherapy Dose Distribution Prediction Based on Machine Learning Using Random Forest Model in Breast Cancer Cases Fany Zahra Hanifa, Dwi Seno Kuncoro Sihono, Amar Ma^ruf Irfan Muhamadi Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Indonesia Department of Radiotherapy, MRCCC Siloam Hospital Semanggi Abstract Breast cancer is one of the cancers with the highest prevalence in the world and has become a significant global health threat. Radiotherapy using the Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) technique is a widely used treatment modality- however, the Treatment Planning System (TPS) process requires considerable time and expertise, making the development of Machine Learning (ML)-based models highly relevant. This study aims to implement the Random Forest algorithm to predict radiotherapy dose-volume parameters in breast cancer cases based on radiomics features extracted from patient CT imaging data. A total of 284 DICOM radiotherapy planning datasets were obtained from MRCCC Siloam Hospitals Semanggi, South Jakarta. Radiomics shape features served as input variables, while dosiomics parameters covering dose and volume of the target (PTV) and organs-at-risk (OAR) were used as output variables, normalized to each patient^s prescribed dose and PTV volume. The model was developed using Python with a 70% training and 30% testing split, optimized using RandomizedSearchCV. Evaluation was performed using MSE, RMSE, R-squared, MAE, and paired t-test. The model showed strong performance for OAR volume parameters (R-squared 0.82-0.89 for heart and lungs). For the primary target (PTV 50Gy), key dose parameters were predicted with an error of 0.27%-1.75% relative to the prescribed dose, within the typical 2%-5% clinical tolerance. No significant difference was found between predicted and clinical results for 10 of 11 key parameters (p > 0.05), including the Homogeneity Index (p = 0.170) and Conformity Index (p = 0.614). The Random Forest model is expected to serve as an effective tool in supporting faster and more standardized radiotherapy planning. Keywords: Breast Cancer, Radiotherapy, Machine Learning, Random Forest, Dose Distribution Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fany Zahra Hanifa)

156	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-54
Modified Voxel-Based Multimodel Fitting for Kidney Dosimetry in Lu-177 DOTATATE Therapy M. Buchori Amin Kartani, Assyifa Rahman Hakim, Antonius Fajar Adinegoro and Deni Hardiansyah Faculty of Mathematics and science, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia Abstract This study proposes a modified voxel-based multimodel fitting framework (mVoMM) for voxel-level time-activity curve analysis by incorporating additional model-selection criteria, including the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and coefficient of variation (CV), to identify the optimal function for describing voxel-wise right and left kidney biokinetics. Four-time-point quantitative SPECT/CT datasets from the kidneys of a patient included in the SNMMI Dosimetry Challenge were analyzed. A set of sums-of-exponentials (SOE) functions with two (f2) and three (f3) parameters were individually fitted at the voxel level using four time-point data. Voxels with more than three valid time points were modeled using f3a, f3b, or f3c, while the biexponential model f2 was applied to 2-4 time points when it yielded a lower CV. In mVoMM, model selection was performed using BIC under the constraint of CV under 50% and R square more than equal 0.9, whereas VoMM only used R square more than equal 0.9. Time-integrated activity (TIA) was derived from the selected models and voxel absorbed doses were computed using the voxel S-value convolution method. Performance evaluation between mVoMM and VoMM used relative deviation (RD), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). For the right kidney, mVoMM showed a mean absorbed dose of 2.54 Gy and maximum dose of 6.83 Gy, whereas VoMM showed 2.63 Gy and 6.07 Gy. The comparison yielded RD of 2.89% +- 13.36%, RMSE of 13.67%, and MAPE of 13.36%. For the left kidney, mVoMM showed a mean absorbed dose of 2.78 Gy and maximum dose of 6.03 Gy, whereas VoMM showed 2.83 Gy and 9.10 Gy, with RD of -4.64% +- 26%, RMSE of 27.161%, and MAPE of 14.11%. This preliminary study demonstrates that mVoMM can provide a systematic framework for patient-specific voxel-level dosimetry. Keywords: Voxel-based dosimetry, BIC, Lu-177 DOTATATE Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Buchori Amin Kartani)

157	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-75
Investigation of Gravitational Sag Effect on Dosimetric Leaf Gap (DLG) at Various Gantry Angles in Radiation Therapy Medical Accelerator Dasti Uli Florida Damanik, Akbar Azzi, Amar Ma^ruf Irfan Muhamadi, Aloysius Mario Yudi Putranto Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Indonesia Department of Radiotherapy, MRCCC Siloam Hospital Semanggi Abstract The accuracy of Multi-Leaf Collimator (MLC) modeling in commercial Treatment Planning Systems (TPS) is critical for high-precision radiotherapy techniques such as IMRT. The standard guidelines of the Dosimetric Leaf Gap (DLG) measurements was only at gantry angle 0 degree, yet gantry rotation during treatment induces gravitational sag effects that may alter effective leaf positions and compromise dosimetric accuracy. This study investigates DLG variations across gantry angles of 0, 90, 180, and 270 degree through direct experimental measurements on a Varian Clinac iX 6 MV linear accelerator with Millennium 120-leaf MLC at MRCCC Siloam Hospitals Semanggi. Measurements were performed using synchronous sweeping gap (gap widths: 5, 10, 20, 30 mm) and asynchronous sweeping gap methods (20 mm main gap, offset s = 0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 mm) at all four gantry angles using an IBA FC65-G ion chamber in a solid water phantom at 10 cm depth and 90 cm SSD. Ion chamber readings were corrected using kTP, kpol, and ks correction factors following the IAEA TRS-398 protocol. Synchronous sweeping gap results indicate DLG varied across gantry angles, with the highest value observed at G90 degree and the lowest at G270 degree. Asynchronous sweeping gap measurements demonstrate a a reduction of 8.5-9.8% in the corrected electrometer reading ratio relative to the open field reference across all gantry angles as leaf offset increases from s = 0 to 20 mm, confirming the tongue-and-groove effect of the Millennium 120-leaf MLC. These findings indicate that gravitational effects on the MLC mechanism influence DLG values and should be considered in clinical MLC calibration protocols to improve IMRT treatment planning accuracy. Keywords: Dosimetric Leaf Gap, Multi-Leaf Collimator, IMRT, Varian Clinac iX. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dasti Uli Florida Damanik)

158	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-126
Measurement of EEG-Based Neural Oscillation Frequency Bands During Emotional Regulation Tasks: A Signal Processing Approach Zarina Akbar (a*), Samet Celik (b), Mauna (c), Ernita Zakiah (c) a) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jalan Rawamangun Muka, East Jakarta, Jakarta, Postal Code 13220, Indonesia * zarina_akbar[at]unj.ac.id b) Department of Psychology, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey c) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract Emotional regulation is a psychological mechanism intricately linked to neural function and cognitive adjustment. Recent progress in neuroscience has shown that neural oscillations significantly influence emotional processing, attentional control, and adaptive behavioral responses. This research explores the connection between neural oscillatory activity and emotional regulation through a biopsychosocial lens by merging psychological theories of emotion with brainwave dynamics and neurophysiological processes. The study seeks to explore how neural synchronization patterns influence both adaptive and maladaptive emotional regulation in young adults. A quantitative explanatory method was utilized, involving university students between the ages of 18 and 25. Neural activity was evaluated through electroencephalography (EEG) recordings concentrating on alpha, beta, and theta wave oscillations during tasks that stimulated emotions. Psychological data were gathered through established emotional regulation and psychological well-being assessments. Data examination incorporated spectral frequency analysis. The results suggest that heightened alpha wave synchronization correlates with effective emotional regulation and improved psychological well-being, while excessive beta activity is strongly linked to emotional instability, anxiety, and cognitive strain. Theta oscillations were recognized for their role in emotional awareness and reflective processing during tasks involving emotional regulation. This research adds to cross-disciplinary dialogues among psychology, neuroscience, social, and biophysics by suggesting a cohesive model that connects neural oscillation dynamics to emotional regulation mechanisms. The results carry significant implications for mental health treatments, emotional training using neurofeedback, and the creation of psychology therapies based on neuroscience. Furthermore, the research enhances comprehension of emotional functioning by utilizing a biopsychosocial and computational neuroscience approach. Keywords: EEG- Neural Oscillation- Emotional Regulation- Neuroscience- Brainwave Dynamics Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Zarina Akbar)

159	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-160
Study on the Effect of Pharmacokinetic Model Structure on the Calculation of Time-Integrated Activity (TIA) in Prostate Cancer Treatment Using [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 Mohammad Sidik Cahyana (a*),Raden Ayu Nurfadhillah Rifqah (a), Bisma Barron Patrianesha (a), Deni Hardiansyah (a) Departemen of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia Abstract This study evaluated the effect of pharmacokinetic (PK) model structure on time-integrated activity (TIA) estimation and tumor volume prediction in [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 therapy using three PK models integrated with a pharmacodynamic (PD) framework. Biokinetic data from six patients treated with two cycles of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 therapy (3 GBq in the first cycle and 6 GBq in the second cycle, administered at 8-week intervals) were analyzed using quantitative SPECT/CT imaging acquired at five time points per cycle, while CT-based tumor volume was assessed 24 weeks after the second cycle. The investigated models included a mono-exponential model with individual fitting (Mono-I), and a minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic model with individual fitting (mPBPK-I). For Mono-I and mPBPK-I, tumor and kidney release rates, receptor densities in tumors and kidneys, and intrinsic radiosensitivity were individually estimated. The comparison were performed is Mono-I versus mPBPK-I using Mono-I as the reference. Evaluated outputs included kidney and tumor TIA and tumor volume. Inter-model deviation was assessed using mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). Model selection among the three models was performed using Akaike weights. Relative to Mono-I, mPBPK-I further reduced discrepancies in kidney TIA (30%/26%), tumor TIA (42%/31%), and tumor volume (75%/62%). Akaike weights indicated stronger statistical support for mPBPK-I than Mono-I. This study demonstrates that pharmacokinetic model structure significantly affects TIA estimation and tumor response prediction in [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 therapy, with the individualized mPBPK model showing stronger statistical support and a greater ability to represent patient biokinetics than the individualized mono-exponential model. Keywords: pharmacodynamics- pharmacokinetics- time-integrated activity- [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mohammad Sidik Cahyana)

160	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-161
Comparative Evaluation of Individual and Population Based Fitting in [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 PK Modeling Raden Ayu Nurfadhillah Rifqah (a*), Mohammad Sidik Cahyana (a), Bisma Barron Patrianesha (a), Deni Hardiansyah (a) Medical Physics and Biophysics Research Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia Abstract A minimal physiologically based pharmacokinetic (mPBPK) model was implemented to evaluate the predictive performance of individual and population based fitting approaches for estimating the Area Under the Curve (AUC) of time activity curves in 177Lu PSMA 617 therapy. Biokinetic data of kidney and tumour from 6 patients with metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), where each cycle had 5 time points (2h, 20h, 44h, 68h, and 165h), received two cycles of 177Lu PSMA 617 injections. The second injection was administered 8 weeks after cycle 1. Subsequently, model fitting was performed using two approaches: individual for each patient, and population based fitting was performed across all patients by using a nonlinear mixed effect model. Both fitting approaches were performed using proportional error model. Model parameters, including receptor density kidney, tumour serum flow density, and filtrated fraction of blood flow were fitted to biokinetic data. Model performance was considered acceptable based on goodness of fit criteria, including visual inspection of the fitted graphs and parameter precision with coefficients of variation <50%. Simulations were then performed to obtain the AUC values. Relative Deviation (RD), which served as the basis for Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was used to validate the predictive performance of individual results toward the population based model. The mPBPK model demonstrated good visual agreement for population based fitting, with coefficients of variation ranging from 8% to 28%. Simulation results of individuals towards population based fitting showed mean %RD values of 3% for kidneys and 12% for tumour. Model accuracy evaluation showed MAPE values 19.10% and 23.4%% for kidneys and tumor, with RMSE values 26% and 29%. The high RMSE observed in tumour fitting results indicates substantial deviation between individuals toward population based fitting, likely reflecting low performance of individual fitting in this study Keywords: [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, mPBPK, PK Modelling, Population Based Fitting Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Raden Ayu Nurfadhillah Rifqah)

161	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-173
End-to-End Deep Learning for Subject-Independent Cuffless Blood Pressure Estimation from Raw PPG Signals Arky Astasari, Pratondo Busono, Agus Kartono, Erus Rustami IPB University National Research and Innovation Agency Abstract This study introduces a novel deep learning framework for systolic and diastolic BP estimation directly from raw PPG signals. Unlike traditional feature-engineering approaches, our method leverages end-to-end representation learning using hybrid architectures that combine convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for local morphological feature extraction and recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with attention mechanisms for capturing temporal dependencies and inter-beat variability. To enhance robustness, structured signal preprocessing and data augmentation strategies are integrated, while domain adaptation techniques are employed to mitigate inter-subject variability. The proposed deep learning framework achieved a mean absolute error of 5.6 mmHg for systolic and 3.9 mmHg for diastolic BP under subject-independent evaluation, meeting international standards for clinical applicability. Keywords: Please Just Try to Submit Thphotoplethysmography, cuffless blood pressure, machine learning, deep learning, , wearable health monitoringis Sample Abstract Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (arky astasari)

162	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-200
Performance Evaluation of an Arduino Driven Medical Ventilator Integrating MAX30100, Thermocouple, and OCS Sensors for Respiratory Support Rafiuddin Syam, Aodah Diamah, Daffa Akmal Dewangga Universitas Negeri Jakarta Abstract This paper presents the development and performance assessment of a low-cost, microcontroller-based emergency ventilator featuring an air-mix intake system. The prototype integrates an Arduino Mega 2560 with a MAX30100 sensor for heart rate and SpO\(_2\) monitoring, a type-K thermocouple for temperature sensing, and an OCS-3F sensor for measuring oxygen purity and flow rate. Additional components include solenoid valves, a mechanical compressor, and a \(20\times4\) LCD display. The device operates in three selectable modes: air-only, oxygen-only, and automatic air-oxygen mixing. Experimental results demonstrate that the MAX30100 sensor achieves mean errors of 0.28\% for SpO\(_2\) and 0.98\% for heart rate when compared to a commercial pulse oximeter. The thermocouple exhibits a temperature reading error ranging from 0\% to 2.74\%. Over a 60-minute test period, the OCS-3F sensor records an average oxygen purity of 84.43\% and an average flow rate of 6.48~L/min, with systematic deviations indicating the need for recalibration. The proposed system successfully provides real-time patient monitoring and controlled air-oxygen delivery, offering a viable low-cost alternative for emergency respiratory support in resource-limited settings. Keywords: Arduino Mega 2560, emergency ventilator, MAX30100, OCS-3F sensor, air-oxygen mixing Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rafiuddin Syam)

163	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-202
Accuracy of Single Time-Point Renal Dosimetry for [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617: An NLMEM-Based Virtual Patient Study of Typical and Deviating Kinetic Profiles Teuku Muhammad Zaki Yasykur Polem (a*), Heru Prasetio (b), Deni Hardiansyah (a) a) Medical Physics and Biophysics, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia *teuku.muhammad11[at]ui.ac.id b) Research Center for Safety, Meteorology and Nuclear Quality Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, South Tangerang, Indonesia Abstract Accurate estimation of renal Time-Integrated Activities (TIAs) is crucial in [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy to optimize treatment and minimize the risk of nephrotoxicity. While single time-point (STP) imaging reduces clinical burden compared to multi-time-point (MTP) protocols, the accuracy of STP in outlier patients whose kinetic parameters largely deviate from the population mean remains insufficiently characterized. A cohort of 80 virtual patients was simulated based on previously published population biokinetic parameters and distributions for renal [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (Hardiansyah et al., 2024- PMID: 38423787). Simulations were performed at five time points: 1.8, 18.7, 42.6, 66.3, and 160.3 hours. Using this baseline virtual population, two sub-cohorts (n = 20 each) were generated: a typical cohort with biokinetic parameters within one standard deviation (SD) of the population mean, and an outlier cohort with biokinetic parameters exceeding two SDs from the population mean. Pharmacokinetic fitting was performed via Non-Linear Mixed Effects Modeling (NLMEM) using a sum-of-exponentials function established through population-based model selection. STP TIAs calculated at the 42.6-hour time point were evaluated against reference MTP TIAs using relative deviation, root-mean-square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). In the typical cohort, the STP approach demonstrated high accuracy, with an RMSE of 8.43%, and a MAPE of 6.83%. In contrast, the outlier cohort showed substantial underestimation and increased error, with an RMSE of 23.48%, and a MAPE of 20.33%. Renal TIA calculation using an STP at 42.6 hours provides reliable estimates for patients with typical biokinetics. However, increased errors observed in the outlier cohort suggest increased variability of STP-based estimation in patients with biokinetic parameters deviating substantially from the population mean, and that MTP sampling may be required in such cases. Keywords: [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617, Single Time-Point, Time-Integrated Activity, Virtual Patients Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Teuku Muhammad Zaki Yasykur Polem)

164	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-206
Effect of Noise Addition and Voxel Grouping Variations on Fitting Accuracy in Voxel Based Dosimetry Using [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE Farida Nurlina, Yasmin Fauziah, Assyifa Rahman Hakim, Teuku Muhammad Zaki Yasykur Polem, Muhammad Syifa, M. Buchori Amin Kartani, Deni Hardiansyah Medical Physics and Biophysics, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia Abstract This study investigated the effects of Poisson noise and voxel grouping size on model fitting performance in voxel based dosimetry of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) patients undergoing 177Lu DOTATATE therapy. Analyses were performed on the liver, right kidney, left kidney, and spleen from two HCC patients. Unit voxel sizes were 7.45 cubic millimeters for patient 4 and 2.86 cubic millimeters for patient 6, with grouping dimensions ranging up to 168.11, 216.79, and 279.21 millimeters for patient 4 and 300, 97.66, and 97.66 millimeters for patient 6. Each grouping variation was fitted using monoexponential, biexponential f3b, and biexponential f3a functions. The optimal model for each voxel was selected using the lowest Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Fitting results were evaluated using Relative Difference (RD), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) by comparing noisy results with reference results without noise. RMSE values varied across organs and patients after the addition of Poisson noise. In the left kidney, RMSE ranged from 10.05% to 56.42% in patient 4 and from 11.26% to 89.06% in patient 6, with minimum values observed at grouping dimensions of 66.44, 85.80, and 110.44 millimeters and 129, 42.14, and 42.14 millimeters, respectively. In the right kidney, RMSE ranged from 6.97% to 68.43% in patient 4 and from 4.63% to 119.92% in patient 6, with minimum values observed at grouping dimensions of 89.09, 115.05, and 148.09 millimeters and 126, 41.16, and 41.16 millimeters, respectively. In the liver, RMSE ranged from 12.08% to 84.22% in patient 4 and from 14.73% to 94.10% in patient 6, with minimum values observed at grouping dimensions of 167.61, 216.45, and 278.61 millimeters and 201, 65.66, and 65.66 millimeters, respectively. The spleen in patient 4 showed RMSE values ranging from 3.34% to 43.58%, with the minimum value observed at grouping dimensions of 80.03, 103.35, and 133.03 millimeters, indicating the lowest sensitivity to Poisson noise among all analyzed organs. Poisson noise and voxel grouping size influenced dose estimation accuracy, where certain grouping sizes produced lower RMSE values and smaller deviations between noisy and reference results. Keywords: Voxel based dosimetry, HCC, Noise addition, Voxel grouping size. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Farida Nurlina)

165	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-209
Population-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for [153Sm]Sm-EDTMP Kidney Dosimetry in Mice Muhammad Syifa (a), Shang Peter Chin (a), Nur Rahmah Hidayati (b), Heru Prasetio (b). Deni Hardiansyah (a*). a) Medical Physics and Biophysics, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia b) Research Center for Safety, Meteorology and Nuclear Quality Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency *corr author: denihardiansyah[at]sci.ac.id Abstract Accurate estimation of time-integrated activity coefficients (TIACs) is essential in preclinical dosimetry because it determines the reliability of absorbed dose calculations in translational applications. Conventional biodistribution studies commonly use population-averaged data, which neglect inter-individual variability by assuming a single kinetic profile represents the entire population. This study evaluated the feasibility of population-based nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (NLMEM) for preclinical kidney dosimetry of [153Sm]Sm-EDTMP in mice. Additionally, each mouse is represented by an individual subject and all fitting was done simultaneously. Twenty-one BALB/c mice were intravenously administered 3.7-7.4 MBq of [153Sm]Sm-EDTMP and sacrificed at 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-injection, with three mice per time point. Kidney radioactivity was measured using an automated gamma counter and expressed as percentage injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g), generating a sparse-sampling dataset with one biodistribution measurement per mouse. Afterwards, Renal biokinetic data were fitted using one- to three-exponential models. Population-based model selection (PBMS) using goodness-of-fit criteria and Akaike weights was performed under both population-averaging and NLMEM approaches. TIAC estimates from the best NLMEM model were used as reference values and compared with those from the conventional averaging approach using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE). PBMS identified the same bi-exponential model as the best-fitting function under both the NLMEM and population-averaging approaches. Using NLMEM, the bi-exponential model generated individual TIAC estimates ranging from 0.10-0.15 h, whereas the averaging approach produced a single TIAC estimate of 0.12 h. Comparison showed a MAPE of 13.3% and RMSE of 14.8%, indicating generally close agreement between methods. However, unlike the averaging approach, NLMEM estimated TIACs for each individual mouse and characterized biokinetic variability within the population, suggesting its potential for more personalized preclinical dosimetry. Keywords: nonlinear mixed-effects modeling- preclinical study- [153Sm]Sm-EDTMP- population pharmacokinetic modeling Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Syifa)

166	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-217
Accuracy of First Day Few-Time-Points 131I Dosimetry for Thyroid Disease using Nonlinear Mixed-Effects Modelling Moh Faizal Fajri Al Amin (a-),Teuku M. Zaki Yasykur Polem (b-), Indra Budiansah(b), Idham Arief (a), Freddy Haryanto(a), Peter Knoll(c#), Deni Hardiansyah(b*), and Gerhard Glatting(d#) a) Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia, 40132. b) Medical Physics and Biophysics, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia, 16424. c) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) d) Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany. - shared first authorship # shared senior authorship * corresponding author Abstract Background: Accurate Time-Integrated Activity (TIA) estimation is essential for patient-specific 131I dosimetry, but conventional multi-time-point measurements are clinically demanding. Early few-time-point approaches can reduce this imaging burden. This study evaluated the accuracy of early few-time-point TIA estimation using Non-Linear Mixed-Effects Modelling (NLMEM). Material and Methods: Time-activity data for 800 virtual patients (VPs- 600 training, 200 testing) at 1, 2, 4, 6, and 10 h post-administration were generated utilizing published biokinetic parameters (PMID: 40198532). NLMEM was applied to describe population and individual biokinetics using a published sum-of-exponentials model for 131I therapy. Reference TIAs (rTIAs) for the testing virtual patients (VPs) were obtained from NLMEM fitting using the full available time-point data, with testing and training VPs fitted simultaneously. To evaluate reduced sampling, estimated TIAs (eTIAs) for testing VPs were calculated using subsets of two to five early time points, maintaining simultaneous fitting. Accuracy against rTIAs was assessed via relative deviation (RD), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root-mean-square error (RMSE). Results: Optimal TIA estimation accuracy consistently required the 10-h measurement. Sampling schedules incorporating this time point-ranging from the full early set to a reduced three-point combination (1, 2, and 10 h)-maintained robust predictive performance, yielding RMSE of 51.16%-51.35%, MAPE of 29.96%-30.48%, and mean RD of 18.12%-18.52%. Conversely, excluding the 10-h measurement significantly degraded accuracy, with RMSE and MAPE exceeding 60% and 34%, respectively. Conclusion: The 10-hour post-administration measurement is a critical component for accurate early few-time-point dosimetry in 131I therapy. Combining NLMEM with reduced sampling protocols that include the 10-hour time point can provide reliable TIA estimates while reducing clinical imaging burden. Keywords: Thyroid Dosimetry, Early Few-Time-Points, Non-Linear Mixed-Effects Modelling (NLMEM) Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Moh Faizal Fajri Al Amin)

167	Medical Physics and Biophysics	ABS-219
Physics Meets Physiology: SHEnergy RED-S Smart Website as an Early Detection Tool for Energy Deficiency in AthletesPlease Just Try to Submit This Sample Abstract Yasep Setiakarnawijaya1 , Firmanul Catur Wibowo2, Ela Yuliana3, Eko Novian Saputro4, Randika Arrody5, Merianti Ansar6, Muhammad Zulqarnain7. 13Department of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia. 2Department of Physics Education, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia. 34Department of Sport Coaching Education Department, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia. 6Department of Physical Education, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia. 7Department of Sport Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia. Abstract Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) is a complex condition that arises from a long-term mismatch between the energy consumed and the energy required for physical exercise and bodily functions. This issue can result in various health complications, including reduced bone density, hormonal imbalances, weakened immune response, and impaired sports performance. Despite its significance, RED-S frequently remains unnoticed because there are few effective, practical, and accessible tools for screening. This article presents the Shenergy RED-S Smart Website, a collaborative online resource aimed at facilitating the early identification of energy deficiency among athletes by incorporating principles from physics and exercise science. The platform utilizes the World Health Organization-approved Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) to evaluate energy output during physical activities and couples this with Body Mass Index (BMI) as a key measurement. This method enables screening without relying on costly wearable technology, thereby enhancing feasibility in sports settings with limited resources. Preliminary findings suggest an 85% accuracy in detection when compared to traditional manual evaluation techniques and it could enhance health awareness and athlete understanding of RED-S risks. This article explores the scientific foundations, techniques, significant findings, and future advancements regarding the Shenergy platform. Keywords: Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)- Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ)- Body Mass Index (BMI)- Energy Availability- Athlete Health Monitoring. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yasep Setiakarnawijaya)

168	Physics Education	ABS-3
Efektivitas Modul Ajar Tingkat SMP berbantuan Artificial Intelligence pada Materi Atom sebagai Strategi Scaffolding bagi Mahasiswa Tadris Fisika Semester III UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan Herti Vioni (a*), Rahmat Hidayat Siregar (a), Nasri Adlani Lubis (a) a* Program Studi Tadris Fisika, UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan email corresponding author *vioni[at]uinsyahada.ac.id Abstract Pembelajaran fisika inti khususnya pada materi atom di perguruan tinggi sering menjadi kendala bagi mahasiswa karena sifat materinya yang abstrak, matematis, dan menuntut penguasaan konsep dasar fisika yang kuat. Lemahnya pemahaman konsep prasyarat seperti partikel subatom, molekul, dan ion dapat menghambat mahasiswa dalam memahami materi lanjutan pada mata kuliah fisika inti. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan strategi pembelajaran yang mampu menjembatani kesenjangan konseptual tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas modul ajar tingkat SMP sebagai strategi scaffolding bagi mahasiswa Tadris Fisika semester 3 dalam memahami materi Pendahuluan Fisika Inti. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed methods dengan desain sequential explanatory, melibatkan delapan mahasiswa sebagai partisipan. Data kuantitatif diperoleh melalui post-test yang terdiri atas lima soal konsep dasar, sedangkan data kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui observasi penilaian antar teman dan penilaian sikap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan seluruh mahasiswa mencapai tingkat ketepatan jawaban 100 dengan predikat sangat baik (A) setelah penggunaan modul. Temuan kualitatif memperkuat hasil tersebut, dimana penilaian antar teman dengan rata rata nilai 77,5 dengan predikat baik (B), dan penilaian sikap mendapatkan nilai 100 dengan predikat sangat baik (A). Penggunaan modul ajar berbantuan Artificial Intelligence ini menunjukkan bahwa isi mudah dipahami, serta menunjukkan peningkatan keaktifan dan kepercayaan diri dalam diskusi. Secara keseluruhan, modul ajar SMP berbantuan Artificial Intelligence terbukti efektif sebagai media pendukung pembelajaran Fisika Inti dalam memperkuat kesiapan kognitif mahasiswa terhadap materi yang lebih abstrak. Keywords: Modul Ajar SMP- Artificial Intelligence- Fisika Inti- Atom Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (HERTI VIONI)

169	Physics Education	ABS-4
Profile and Dynamics of Secondary School Students^ Digital Competence: An Observational Study Across Five DigComp Domains Nuri N, Marwoto P, Subali B, Sulhadi. Universitas Negeri Semarang Abstract This study aims to map the profile and dynamics of digital competence among secondary school students based on the five main domains of the Digital Competence Framework (DigComp), namely Information & Data Literacy, Communication & Collaboration, Digital Content Creation, Security & Safety, and Educational Problem Solving. The research employed a quantitative descriptive approach using an observational method involving 196 students from several purposively selected secondary schools. The observation instrument was developed based on DigComp indicators and validated by experts to ensure construct validity. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to identify mean scores, fluctuation patterns, and achievement trends in each digital sub-competency. The results indicate that students^ digital competence is generally in the ^good^ category, with the highest achievements found in the domains of Communication & Collaboration and Security & Safety. However, notable fluctuations were observed in the domains of Information & Data Literacy, Digital Content Creation, and particularly Educational Problem Solving, suggesting that higher-level digital competencies have not yet developed evenly and consistently. These findings highlight the need for structured, contextual, and sustainable digital learning strategies to comprehensively enhance the digital competence of secondary school students. Keywords: Digital competence- Secondary school students- DigComp framework- Digital literacy Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nuri saja)

170	Physics Education	ABS-5
Thermal Physics Conceptual Understanding among Pre-service Science Teachers Rifatul Himmah (a), Budi Jatmiko (b), Binar Kurnia Prahani (b*), Hidayah Mohd Fadzil (c) (a) Department of Science Education, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia (b) Department of Physics Education, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia *binarprahani[at]unesa.ac.id (c) University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Abstract This study examined the conceptual understanding of thermal physics in 72 prospective science teachers using a quantitative diagnostic approach. Data collection was carried out through a digital-based written scientific argumentation assessment instrument designed with reference to the Toulmin Argumentation Pattern (TAP) framework. The context of the assessment centered on the real-world situation regarding the differences in heating behavior between aluminum and iron. Participants were asked to prepare written scientific arguments in six tasks covering various concepts, including specific heat capacity, the First Law of Thermodynamics, microscopic interpretation of thermal processes, physical boundary conditions, and physics-based counterargumentation constructions. The results of descriptive statistical analysis showed a gradual decline in student achievement in each component of the assessment, with an average score that decreased from 2.74 in the identification of the basic concept of type heat capacity to 1.20 in tasks that required reasoning about the physical boundary conditions. Although prospective science teachers demonstrate a fairly adequate conceptual understanding at the surface level, most still face difficulties in principled high-level thermodynamic reasoning. These difficulties are evident especially in relating heat transfer to the First Law of Thermodynamics, explaining thermal phenomena on a microscopic scale, and formulating scientifically justifiable counterarguments. These findings underscore the importance of implementing a more directed and structured learning approach to strengthen students^ conceptual understanding as well as scientific reasoning skills in thermal physics learning. Keywords: Thermal Physics Conceptual Understanding- Written Scientific Argumentation- Toulmin Argumentation Pattern- Diagnostic Assessment- Pre-service Science Teachers Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Binar Kurnia Prahani)

171	Physics Education	ABS-11
Needs Analysis of STEM-PBL E-Module on Newton^s Law to Enhance Problem Solving and Self-Regulated Learning Aina Fatmah Mustafidah (a*), Suharno (a), Dewanto Harjunowibowo (a) Department of Physics Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret Ir. Sutami No. 36A, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia *ainafatmahm[at]student.uns.ac.id Abstract This study aims to analyze the need for developing a STEM-PBL-based electronic module with an in-depth learning approach on Newton^s Laws to improve students^ problem-solving and self-regulated learning (SRL) abilities so that researchers can identify and provide follow-up from the researcher to teachers in implementing the learning. The needs analysis studied were an analysis of learning module needs, an analysis of students^ problem-solving abilities, and an analysis of students^ self-regulated learning. This study used a descriptive qualitative method involving physics teachers and high school students from three schools. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive qualitative techniques. The results showed that 100% of teachers relied on conventional learning materials and expressed a need for electronic modules, while 66.7% experienced difficulties in developing materials independently. From the students^ perspective, 91.6% preferred interactive electronic modules and 71.2% found physics difficult. Problem-solving abilities were still moderate, with 64% of students able to follow the steps to solve the problem, but 81.6% often made errors due to a lack of accuracy. In terms of Self-Regulated Learning (SRL), 63.2% of students rarely monitor their learning, 51.6% show low motivation when faced with multiple assignments, and 59.4% lack regular study habits. Therefore, the development of STEM-PBL e-modules with an immersive learning approach is crucial to support physics learning. Keywords: STEM, Problem Based Learning, Learning Module, Problem Solving, and Self-Regulated Learning Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aina Fatmah Mustafidah)

172	Physics Education	ABS-17
Literature Review: The Effect of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) on Self-Efficacy in Physics Education 1Faris,2Luvia Ranggi Nastiti,3Jhelang Annovasho,4Nadia Azizah 1,2,3,4 Program Studi Tadris Fisika, UIN Palangka Raya, Kota Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah, Kode Pos: 73112. Abstract Physics learning requires not only a mastery of concepts but also students^ self-efficacy in solving complex problems. This study aims to analyze the effect of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) on self-efficacy in physics learning through a systematic literature review. The method used was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with the PRISMA approach. The literature search was conducted in the Google Scholar, ERIC, and ScienceDirect databases using the keywords ^Problem-Based Learning,^ ^self-efficacy,^ and ^physics learning.^ Of the 60 identified articles, a screening and selection process was conducted, resulting in 22 articles that met the inclusion criteria for further analysis. The results of the review indicate that PBL consistently has a positive impact on increasing self-efficacy through students^ active engagement in problem-solving, mastery experiences, social interaction, and the reflection process. In the context of physics learning, PBL has proven effective, particularly when combined with supporting strategies such as scaffolding and simulation media. However, research specifically examining the relationship between PBL and self-efficacy in physics learning remains limited. Therefore, further focused research is needed to strengthen the empirical findings. Overall, PBL can serve as an effective alternative learning model for enhancing students^ self-efficacy in physics learning. Keywords: Problem-Based Learning, self-efficacy, physics learning, PRISMA, systematic literature review Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Far is)

173	Physics Education	ABS-23
Meta-analysis: The effect of project-based learning (PJBL) integrated with STEAM on students^ creativity in science education. 1Rosa Lina,2Luvia Ranggi Nastiti,3Jhelang Annovasho,4julia Program Studi Tadris Fisika, UIN Palangka Raya, Kota Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah, Kode Pos: 73112. Abstract Creativity is one of the essential 21st-century skills that needs to be developed in science learning. STEAM-integrated Project-Based Learning (PjBL-STEAM) has been widely implemented because it encourages students to engage in authentic projects, problem-solving, collaboration, and the development of creative ideas. This study aims to analyze the magnitude of the effect of PjBL-STEAM on students^ creativity in science learning at the upper secondary education level in Indonesia. This study employed a meta-analysis method by synthesizing 12 relevant articles published between 2016 and 2026. The literature was obtained from Google Scholar, Garuda, ERIC, and ScienceDirect, with additional searches conducted through ResearchGate, using the keywords Project-Based Learning, PjBL, STEAM, creativity, and science learning. The analyzed articles met the inclusion criteria, namely the use of experimental or quasi-experimental designs, the availability of statistical data required to calculate effect sizes, and relevance to science learning, including physics, chemistry, and biology. The results showed that the average effect size was 0,88 , which falls into the high category. These findings indicate that PjBL-STEAM has a strong effect on improving students^ creativity in science learning. Therefore, PjBL-STEAM can be recommended as an effective instructional model for developing students^ creativity in science education at the upper secondary level. Keywords: creativity, meta-analysis, science learning, PjBL-STEAM, Project-Based Learning. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rosa Lina)

174	Physics Education	ABS-33
Implementation and Development of STEAM-Based Physics Learning Management Tools to Improve Students Literacy and Numeracy Skills Vina Serevina (a*), Nurul Fajri Samina (b), Diki Maulana (c), Nessa Rachma Fadilla (d), Muhtarudin (e) (a) Department of Physics Education, Jakarta State University, Rawamangun Muka Street, East Jakarta 13220, Indonesia *vina.serevina77[at]gmail.com (b) Department of Physics Education, Serambi Mekkah University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia (c) Department of Physics Education, Jakarta State University, Rawamangun Muka Street, East Jakarta 13220, Indonesia (d) Department of Physics Education, Jakarta State University, Rawamangun Muka Street, East Jakarta 13220, Indonesia (e) Department of Physics Education, Jakarta State University, Rawamangun Muka Street, East Jakarta 13220, Indonesia Abstract This study aims to develop and implement STEAM-based Physics Learning Management Tools to improve the literacy and numeracy skills of students in the Physics Education Study Program at Serambi Mekkah University, Banda Aceh. The urgency of this research lies in the need for innovative learning tools that strengthen students literacy and numeracy competencies through integrated STEAM learning. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model. The developed products included Semester Learning Plans (RPS), teaching materials, and PowerPoint-based learning media. Expert validation results indicated very good categories in media aspects (81), material aspects (80), and learning aspects (84). Literacy instruments consisted of 32 items, with 30 valid and 2 dropped based on point biserial analysis, while numeracy instruments consisted of 31 items, with 30 valid and 1 dropped. Reliability testing using KR-21 showed both instruments were reliable (literacy = 0.882- numeracy = 0.891). The results showed improvements in all four literacy and numeracy indicators. The average literacy score increased from 80 to 93 (N-Gain = 0.65), while numeracy increased from 55 to 86 (N-Gain = 0.69). In conclusion, STEAM-based physics learning management tools can improved students literacy and numeracy skills Keywords: Learning Management Tools, Literacy skills, Numeracy skills, STEAM, Physics Education. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Vina Serevina)

175	Physics Education	ABS-34
Discovery Learning Model to Improve Students Creative Thinking Skills on Vector Topics Vina Serevina (a*), Li-Jen Lester (b), Fitri Kirana Zaharani (c) (a) Department of Physics Education, State University of Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia *vina.serevina77[at]gmail.com (b) Department of Computer Science, Sam Houston State University, Texas, USA (c) Department of Physics Education, State University of Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract This research examined the impact of the Discovery Learning model on students creative thinking skills in vector material while contributing to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 4 on quality education. The study applied a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design involving 36 eleventh-grade students at a public senior high school in Jakarta, Indonesia. Creative thinking was assessed using instruments adapted from Torrances indicators, covering fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration, and problem sensitivity. Instrument testing confirmed 30 valid items through point-biserial correlation analysis, while KR-21 reliability results indicated strong consistency. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk normality testing, paired-sample t-tests, effect size analysis, and normalized gain (N-gain). The results demonstrated a significant increase in students creative thinking performance after the implementation of Discovery Learning (p < 0.05). The effect size analysis showed a very strong influence of the learning model, whereas the N-gain result was classified in the moderate category. Enhancement occurred across all dimensions of creative thinking, particularly in fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration, and sensitivity to problems. These findings indicate that Discovery Learning can improve creative thinking skills in physics learning, especially in vector concepts. Keywords: Discovery Learning- Creative Thinking Skills- Physics Education- Vector Learning- Quasi-Experimental Research- Sustainable Development Goal 4 Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Vina Serevina)

176	Physics Education	ABS-35
The Effect of Guided Inquiry Model with the 5E Learning Cycle to Improve Students Creative Thinking Skills on Linear Motion Vina Serevina (a), Nurulwati (b), Fitri Kirana Zaharani (c), Mujahid Muafa Hifni (d) (a) Department of Physics Education, State University of Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia *vina.serevina77[at]gmail.com (b) Department of Physics Education, FKIP, Syahkuala University, Aceh, Indonesia (c) Department of Physics Education, State University of Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia (d) Department of Physics Education, State University of Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract This research explored the influence of integrating the guided inquiry approach with the 5E learning cycle on students creative thinking skills in linear motion learning. The study also contributes to the implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 4 by encouraging active and student-centered learning. A quantitative quasi-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest design was conducted involv-ing 36 eleventh-grade students from a public senior high school in Jakarta, Indonesia. Creative thinking skills were measured using Torrance-based indicators consisting of fluency, flexibility, originality, elaboration, and problem sensitivity. Instrument valida-tion confirmed 30 valid items, while reliability testing demonstrated stable and con-sistent results. Data analysis employed the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, paired-sample t-test, normalized gain (N-gain), and effect size analysis. The findings showed a sig-nificant improvement in students creative thinking skills following the learning inter-vention (p < 0.05). The N-gain score of 0.82 was categorized as high, and the effect size analysis indicated a strong influence of the applied learning model. Overall, the integration of guided inquiry and the 5E learning cycle can improve creative thinking skills in physics learning, especially in linear motion material. Keywords: 5E Learning Cycle, Creative Thinking Skills, Guided Inquiry, Linear Motion Learning, Quasi-Experimental Method Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Vina Serevina)

177	Physics Education	ABS-44
Investigation of Mechanical Energy Transformation in a Traditional Slingshot System Alvina Neratania, Sarwanto, Lita Rahmasari Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta Abstract The traditional slingshot game is a form of local wisdom that has the potential to serve as a contextual learning resource in physics education. However, the use of traditional games as a medium for linking physics concepts has not yet been optimized, even though the slingshot involves the concepts of energy transformation and the law of conservation of mechanical energy. This study aims to analyze the concept of the law of conservation of mechanical energy in the slingshot game through an experimental approach. The research method employed was experimental research through data collection in the form of observations, measurements, and documentation of experimental results. The results indicate that an increase in the length of the slingshot rubber affects the magnitude of elastic potential energy converted into kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy during the projectile^s motion. Data analysis reveals a quadratic relationship between the increase in slingshot rubber length and the projectile^s trajectory height. Additionally, the results of linear regression show a slope value representing the influence of system-limiting factors, such as air resistance and energy loss during the launching process. These findings suggest that the slingshot game can serve as a contextual physics learning medium to help students understand the concept of the law of conservation of energy more meaningfully through direct experience. Thus, the slingshot game has the potential to become an alternative physics learning resource integrated with local culture. Keywords: contextual physics learning, elastic potential energy, mechanical energy conservation, slingshot experiment Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Alvina Neratania)

178	Physics Education	ABS-51
Integrating Papuan Local Wisdom into STEM-PBL E-Modules: A Needs Analysis for Sound Wave Learning in Improving Critical Thinking and Creativity Skills Ergianto Aminnudin (a*), Suharno (a), Sukarmin (a) a) Master of Physics Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia Abstract This study aims to analyze the needs, implementation constraints, and perceptions of physics teachers in Merauke Regency towards the development of STEM-PBL teaching e-modules that integrate local Papuan wisdom in sound wave learning. The method used is a needs analysis study with a descriptive survey approach and mixed methods, combining quantitative and qualitative data. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and interviews with 11 physics teachers at high schools in Merauke Regency. The results showed that 81.82% of teachers need the development of STEM-PBL-based e-modules that integrate local Papuan wisdom, although only 56.82% have modules according to the local context. As many as 63.64% of teachers face difficulties in developing modules that relate the material to local wisdom. Although most teachers have implemented PBL, only 52.27% combine STEM-PBL approaches in a single learning design. This research also revealed that the development of STEM-PBL-based e-modules that integrate local wisdom can improve students^ critical thinking skills and creativity. Therefore, it is important to develop teaching modules that are appropriate to the local context as well as provide training to teachers so that the implementation of STEM-PBL is more effective in supporting students^ 21st century skills. This research makes an important contribution to the development of STEM-PBL learning and provides a basis for the development of teaching modules that are more relevant and effective in improving students^ critical thinking skills and creativity. Keywords: E-Module- STEM-PBL- Local Papuan Wisdom- Critical Thinking Skills- Creativity Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ergianto Aminnudin)

179	Physics Education	ABS-52
The development and validation of a critical thinking disposition scale for physics undergraduate students Muhammad Reyza Arief Taqwa1,2, Asep Irvan Irvani1,3, Parlindungan Sinaga1*, Endi Suhendi4 and Selly Feranie4 1 Science Education Department, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia 2 Physics Department, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia 3 Physics Education Study Program, Universitas Garut, Garut, Indonesia 4 Physics Department, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia Abstract This research constructs and validates a Critical Thinking Disposition (CTD) instrument tailored for physics undergraduate students, responding to the lack of discipline specific assessment tools for this population. Grounded in Faciones seven dimensional framework, the study followed a systematic procedure (item generation, pilot testing, and final validation) utilizing a sample of 193 physics undergraduates for pilot testing and 549 for final validation to evaluate the scales psychometric quality. Through exploratory factor analysis, the initial 42 item pool was reduced to a 37 item scale that preserves the original seven factor structure, Inquisitiveness, Open mindedness, Systematicity, Analyticity, Truth seeking, Confidence in Reasoning, and Cognitive Maturity. The measurement model exhibited excellent fit statistics (chi square per df = 1.034, CFI = 0.998, RMSEA = 0.008), affirming its structural robustness. Furthermore, convergent and discriminant validity were established through Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values between 0.502 and 0.608 alongside Composite Reliability (CR) ranging from 0.846 to 0.886. Internal consistency was also strong, with overall scale Cronbachs and McDonalds both at 0.921. The resulting instrument offers a psychometrically sound, theory driven tool for assessing CTD within physics context. This scale enables educators to identify students CTD profiles, thereby facilitating targeted instructional strategies to enhance higher order thinking in physics learning contexts. Keywords: Development and validation, critical thinking disposition scale, physics Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Reyza Arief Taqwa)

180	Physics Education	ABS-53
Development of an Ethnoscience-Based Multiple-Choice Test Instrument to Analyze Cultural Literacy Skills on Energy Topics Alvina Neratania, Sarwanto, Lita Rahmasari Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta Abstract Learning physics requires literacy skills in understanding concepts, critical thinking, and connecting theory to real life. An ethoscience-integrated approach to physics education combines science and culture by highlighting local wisdom to create a more meaningful learning experience, enabling students to grasp concepts without misconceptions while also gaining an understanding of their local culture. This study aims to develop an ethoscience-based multiple-choice test instrument to analyze students^ cultural literacy skills regarding renewable energy material. These cultural literacy indicators include understanding cultural diversity or local wisdom, understanding cultural complexity, understanding cultural values, and concern for culture. This study employed the Research and Development (R&D) method with a development design adapted from Cennamo and Kalk, which includes the stages of definition, planning, demonstration, development, and presentation. The research subjects were students in classes X.1, X.2, and X.3 at Nasima High School in Semarang. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires and tests. Data analysis techniques involved validating the content of the instruments and estimating their validity, reliability, difficulty level, and discriminant power using the Classical Test Theory (CTT) model with the assistance of ITEMAN (Item and Test Analysis). The results of the study showed an Aiken^s V value of 0.92, which is higher than the table value of 0.73, thus falling into the valid category. Additionally, the analysis results also indicated that the instrument^s reliability was 0.68 (high category), the average difficulty level was 0.53 (moderate category), and the average discriminative power was 0.26 (adequate category). Thus, the multiple-choice test instrument with an ethnoscience component is suitable for analyzing students^ cultural literacy skills. Keywords: cultural literacy, energy, ethnoscience, multiple-choice questions Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Alvina Neratania)

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