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1	Energy Conservation and Efficiency	ABS-4
Conversion of Solid Waste to Refuse Derived Fuel Using Biodrying Badrus Zaman (1), Nurandani Hardyanti (1), Budi Prasetyo Samadikun (1), May Setya Restifani (1), Purwono (2*) (1)Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia 50275 (2)Center for Science and Technology, IAIN Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Central Java, Indonesia 57168 Abstract Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Indonesia come from urban settlements, markets and industries. MSW decompose naturally and without being used at all. The purpose of this study to convert MSW to refuse derived fuel (RDF) using biodrying. The research was conducted on a laboratory scale using a biodrying reactor. The biodying process takes place aerobically with air flow rate of 6 L/min, the highest temperature reaches 60oC on the third day and the water content on the 21st day is 32.65%. The final RDF calorific value is 6,102.82 cal/g, this calorific value is equivalent to low-energy coal (brown coal). RDF from MSW can be applied to the cement industry that requires heat> 6000 cal/g, PLTU requires 5242 cal/g, metal industry requires 6000 cal/g, and paper industry requires 5240 cal/g to carry out the production process. Keywords: biodrying- calorific- industry- refuse derived fuel- solid waste Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Purwono Purwono)

2	Energy Conservation and Efficiency	ABS-7
Simulation Sediment Transport In Development Location Of Diesel Power Plant Using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Methods E Yohana1, T S Utomo1, V S Sumardi1, D A Laksono1*, K Rozi1, K H Choi2 1 Departemet of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Sudharto, SH., Tembalang-Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia 2 College of Engineering, Pukyong National University, 365 Sinseon-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 608-739, Korea Abstract Research about Sediment Transport is important for the sustainability of coastal buildings. The infrastructure construction of the Halmahera Diesel Power Plant (PLTD) in the coastal area requires water supply as a cooling system. Supply of cooling water can be reduced because of erosion or sedimentation. This study uses CFD modelling of ANSYS FLUENT applications with variations in mass flow rates. Eulerian-lagrangian approach used to predict the rate of erosion and accretion that occur around the place of Halmahera. Methods of Particle Size Distribution (PSD) numerical simulation is uniform. Results obtained from the simulation process consist of particle mass, erosion and accretion rate in the seabed. Variations in mass flow rates of 0.05 kg/s, 0.1 kg/s, 0.15 kg/s, 0.2 kg/s, 0.25 kg/s obtained the erosion rate respectively 5.425 x 10-7 mm/year, 1,085 x 10-6 mm/year, 1,626 x 10-6 mm/year, 2,170 x 10-6 mm/year, 2,712 x 10-6 mm/year. Result of accretion rate obtained from the variation in mass flow rates is 301.43 mm/year, 602.87 mm/year, 904.30 mm/year, 1205.50 mm/year, 1507.77 mm/year. From this research. Result of simulation to be important to predict the rate of sediment transport for consideration in the development location of construction Halmahera PLTD. Keywords: Erosion, Sediment Transport, Sedimentation, CFD Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dimaz Aji Laksono)

3	Energy Conservation and Efficiency	ABS-13
Analysis of Performance and Testing of 1215Wp Rooftop Solar Power Plant with On Grid System Household Scale with Case Study of Sambiroto Asri Housing Semarang City Jaka Windarta (a,b*), Denis (b), Johanes Silaen (b), Dimas Satrio (b) (a) Magister of Energy, Diponegoro University Jalan Prof. Sudarto 13, Semarang 50275, Indonesia *jakawindarta[at]lecturer.undip.ac.id (b) Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University Jalan Prof. Sudarto 13, Semarang 50275, Indonesia Abstract This research is conducted to examine the on-grid system to solar module and analyze the consequences of on-grid solar power plant implementation towards the daily electrical energy consumption. The data retrieval is conducted for three days, from 29th to 31st July 2020 and this research provides real-time data by considering the weather conditions of each day. According to the result, the solar module has an efficiency value of 15,13%. This value is lower than the nameplate due to the higher solar module surface temperature compared to the optimal operating temperature. Subsequently, based on the implementation impact analysis, it is stated that on-grid system implementation in the solar power plant could produce electrical energy of 4,32kWh. It is also found that the daily output of on-grid system implementation in solar power plant could operate the load of 1,86kWh and it could export the electrical energy to the grid of 2,46kWh. In this way, the system could operate load of 2,45kWh and export electrical energy of 1,87kWh to the grid on the weekend. Therefore, it can be concluded that solar power plant with on-grid system could export the electrical energy to the grid. Keywords: Solar cell- Photovoltaic- Solar power plant- Testing Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Johanes Soritua Silaen)

4	Energy Conservation and Efficiency	ABS-20
The Effect of Physics (Grinding) in 4 Kinds of Measures on Biogas Production from Rice Husk Waste in Solid State Anaerobic Digestion (SS-AD) Conditions Syafrudin, A Bahrani, W D Nugraha, Junaidi, M A Budihardjo, and A T Listiyawati Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia 50275, Indonesia Abstract Biogas technology is an alternative solution to the problem of the energy crisis. Biogas is a renewable and environmentally friendly fuel. This research aims to determine the optimum value of variations in grinding size of biogas production with the Solid State Anaerobic Digestion (SS-AD) method of biogas production from rice husk waste. It is subjected to preliminary treatment with chemical pretreatment (NaOH). Rice husk was soaked with 6% NaOH concentration for 24 hours as a control variable. Grinding variations used as physical pretreatment are 10 mesh, 18 mesh, 35 mesh, 60 mesh. The bioreactor used has a volume of 200 ml. All reactors observed biogas volume produced every two days for 60 days of research. The results showed that the reactors with variations of grinding 10 mesh, 18 mesh, 35 mesh, 60 mesh obtained a total biogas yield of 11.68584- 9.479955- 12.50772- 19.03718 ml/grTS until the 60th day. Control reactors (without grinding variations) produce 9.084606 ml/grTS. The highest biogas production rate is 60 mesh with value, (A) as much as 19.03718 (ml/grTS)- the rate of biogas production (U) of 0.2416979 (ml/grTS.day)- and the minimum time for biogas formation is 3.83908 days. Keywords: rice husk, solid state anaeobic digestion, grinding, biogas production Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Arum Tri Listiyawati)

5	Energy Conservation and Efficiency	ABS-21
The Effect of Amylase and Cellulase Enzymes on Biogas Production from Rice Husb Waste using Solid State Anaerobic Digestion (SS-AD) Method W D Nugraha1, H Wafiroh1, Syafrudin1*, Junaidi1, M A Budihardjo1, R P Safitri1 1Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University Jl.Prof. H. Sudarto, SH Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia Abstract Biogas comes from an anaerobic biological decomposition process. Biogas is an alternative energy that potential to be developed in Indonesia. One of the various raw materials that can be used in biogas production is rice husk waste. This study analyzes the effect of pre-treatment using amylase and cellulase enzymes on the production of biogas from rice husk waste in the Solid State Anaerobic Digestion (SS-AD) method. Rice husk waste was used as a substrate with a C / N ratio of 25% and the total solids used was 21%. Rice husk is biomass that is difficult to degrade because it has high lignin content- therefore, pre-treatment is necessary. One of them is biological pre-treatment using enzymes. The enzymes used are amylase and cellulase enzymes with various concentrations of 9%, 12%, 15%, and 18%. The biogas produced was then measured every two days for 40 days of the study with the volume of biogas as the observed parameter. The results showed that pre-treatment with the addition of amylase and cellulase enzymes could increase biogas production. The highest biogas production was obtained by pre-treatment of 18% amylase enzyme, namely 1466 ml and by pre-treatment of 18% cellulase enzyme, namely 1075 ml. Keywords: biomass, SS-AD, enzyme Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rahayu Puji Safitri)

6	Energy Conservation and Efficiency	ABS-25
TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF URBAN WASTE POTENTIAL (CASE STUDY OF JATI BARANG GARBAGE DUMP) Mohammad Saleh (a), Enda Wista Sinuraya (b), Denis (c), Gregorius P (d), Erick Hardian (e) a) School Postgraduated, Masters in Energy, Dipnegoro University, 50275 Semarang, Indonesia b,c,d,e) Department Electrical Engineering , Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University , 50275 Semarang, Indonesia Abstract The high volume of waste produced by both industry and society is a common problem found in almost all cities. For this reason, it is necessary to control the increase in the volume of waste and its implications for the environment. The scenario used in this research is to design a power plant that can be used to control the increase in volume of waste, namely PLTSa (Waste Power Plant). PLTSa uses organic waste from trash to generate clean, renewable energy, powering communities, and helping reduce emissions. At the PLTSa, the organic waste is fed into a digester tank, where it is converted into methane by bacteria. The gas is then sent to the waste power plant, which generates 0.9 MW of power. The PLTSa supports the Indonesian government^s plan to increase electricity in the country by 35,000 MW from 2015 to 2019, and for 25 % of that electricity to be generated from renewable sources. The government^s plan was in response to a shortage of electricity generation capacity as demand in the country grows. The data analysis method used to analyse the research data is an analysis using the IPCC Inventory software and the LFG-costWeb Landfill Gas Emission Model (LandGEm). The results of data analysis in the form of projections of biogas potential and electrical energy will be used to build PLTSa. Waste-to-energy generation is being increasingly looked at as a potential energy diversification strategy especially in Indonesia and PLTSa (Waste Power Plants) have implemented on several city in Indonesia. Keywords: Waste- PLTS- LandGEm- LFG-CostWeb- Biogas Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Denis Denis)

7	Energy Conservation and Efficiency	ABS-28
Construction of Co-culture of Microalgae with Microorganisms for Enhancing Biomass Production and Wastewater Treatment: A Review Mohamad Padri (a), Nittaya Boontian (a*), Chatlada Piasai (a), and Mohamed Sahrul Tamzil (b) a) School of Environmental Engineering, 111, Suranaree University of Technology, Maha Witthayalai Rd, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 , Thailand *n.boontian[at]sut.ac.th b) Graduate School of Biotechnology, IPB University, Jl Raya Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia. Abstract The development of microalgae cultivation in wastewater has been explored for years. Several wastewaters and nutrient sources related to biomass generation have been combined in recent years. On the other hand, several factors seem to reduce the possibility of industrialized this concept shortly. The growth rate and harvesting cost of the algae are often pointed as the leading cause of the gap for industrialization of this concept. To counteract these problems, constructing microalgae in the form of co-culture consortia with microorganisms, such as bacteria and yeast, has been attempted to enhance biomass production under a short period of cultivation. This review highlights the strategies to combine microbial strains and microalgae for enhancing the process of biomass generation based on the comparison of the productivity of single and consortium of microalgae cultivation. Subsequently, mechanisms to enhance microalgae growth are scrutinized based on their interaction. Furthermore, critical factors regarding the construction of the consortia are discussed. Eventually, identifying gaps in this concept is displayed to describe the path of future focuses in this potential field. Keywords: Co-cultivation, Microalgae, Microbial Interaction, Wastewater. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mohamad Padri)

8	Energy Conservation and Efficiency	ABS-29
Cultivation Process of Microalgae Using Wastewater for Biodiesel Production and wastewater treatment: A Review Mohamad Padri (a), Nittaya Boontian (a*), Chatlada Piasai (a), and Thunchanok Phorndon (a) a) School of Environmental Engineering, 111, Maha Witthayalai Rd, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand *n.boontian[at]sut.ac.th Abstract Combining microalgae cultivation with nutrient removal is a promising technique as it enables renewable energy generation with the additional potential removal of wastewater contaminants in a single process. The performance and total yield of this process are still below the standard for industrialization. Thus, optimization is needed to reach the feasibility and actualize the concept. Cultivation conditions and reactor design play essential roles in the application and feasibility of this process. Both aspects have been developed through the years to enable the industrial application of this concept. Cultivation conditions are usually categorized into trophic conditions in which each condition has its specific function and target of removal. These conditions, however, are also applied in various reactor systems. Closed photobioreactor and open pond are two central systems for the reactor. Two of the most applied reactor models in wastewater are reviewed here to create a broad picture of the algae cultivation process by emphasizing biomass production and considering different aspects. Keywords: Closed Photobioreactor, Microalgae, Open Pond, Trophic Condition Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mohamad Padri)

9	Energy Conservation and Efficiency	ABS-48
Methane Gas Production from a Mixture of Cow Manure, Chicken Manure, Cabbage Waste, and Tofu Liquid Waste using the Anaerobic Digestion Method Fahmi Arifan (a*), Abdullah (b) Siswo Sumardiyono (b) a) Department of Industrial Technology, Vocational School, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia *fahmiarifan[at]live.undip.ac.id b) Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University Abstract Biomass is valuable alternative energy worldwide as a substitute for fossil fuels because it can be converted into various forms of usable energy such as heat, steam, electricity, biogas, and liquid transportation biofuels. Cabbage waste, tofu liquid waste, cow dung and chicken manure is dangerous for the surrounding environment, which produces CH4 gas and has a quite high BOD and COD values. This liquid waste has an amount of COD, suspended solids, and a high total solids content. One of the solutions to overcome this pollution is by processing the waste into biogas, especially methane gas. The material will be transform into methane gas by fermentation through anaerobic digestion method. Before transforming into biogas, initial characterization will be carried out in the form of total C content, total N, COD, and C/N ratio. Then from the results of the biogas produced, the maximum data obtained is in variable B4 ( 55% cow dung : 15% chicken manure: 15% cabbage waste : 15% liquid tofu waste) with a total amount of gas of 7140 ml. This shows that tofu liquid waste can increase the potential amount of biogas produced Keywords: Methane gas, Cabbage waste, Liquid tofu waste Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fahmi Arifan)

10	Energy Conservation and Efficiency	ABS-64
GIS-based multi-criteria analysis for nuclear power plant site selection in West Kalimantan Kamilia Salsabila (1), Ratna Saraswati (1*), Iqbal Putut Ash Shidiq (1*), and Heni Susiati (2) (1) Department of Geography, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia (2) Center for Nuclear Energi System Assessment, BATAN, Indonesia *ratna.saraswati[at]ui.ac.id, iqbalputut[at]sci.ui.ac.id Abstract Nuclear power is set as the highest priority to slow global warming, so the construction of a nuclear power plant (NPP) using nuclear reactors as a source of heat energy is initiated to produce pollution-free electricity. Bengkayang and Mempawah Regencies in West Kalimantan provinces are selected as prospective NPP locations based on the exclusion and discretionary criteria. The exclusion criteria consist of the geological structure, types of bedrock, the existence and sufficiency of the cooling water, proximity to the population center, and terrain shape, while the discretionary criterion is proximity to the road network. This study aims to map and analyze the exclusion and discretionary criteria for potential NPP. The multi-criteria analysis in this study includes screening analysis, regional suitability analysis, and spatially descriptive analysis are performed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technique on spatial data information. The screening process produced six potential locations to be used as NPP. Five locations are in Bengkayang Regency, precisely in Sungai Raya Kepulauan District and Sungai Raya District. Another location is in Mempawah Regency, precisely in Sungai Kunyit District. Keywords: Exclusion Criteria- Discretionary Criteria- Potential Locations of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Kamilia Salsabila)

11	Energy Conservation and Efficiency	ABS-77
Significant Energy Use Analysis And Energy Conservation on Diponegoro University Jaka Windarta (1,2*), Denis (1), Alaya Fadlu Hadi Mukhammad (3), Yusuf Hartadi (1), Mahendra Krisna Aldianto (2), Chrisna Radityatama (2) 1)Master of Program Energy,School of Postgraduate Studies,Diponegoro University,Semarang-Indonesia 2)Departement of Electrical Engineering,Faculty of Engineering,Diponegoro University,Semarang-Indonesia 3)Departement of Vocational School,Vocational School,Diponegoro University,Semarang-Indonesia Abstract jakawindarta@lecturer.undip.ac.id Abstract. In the current Era of technology and information advancements, growth and use of electrical energy by consumer is certainly getting bigger overtime. Therefore, Energy Conservation can be carried to find out detailed Information on energy usage. How much should be paid in using that energy, Biggest potential user, and ultimately this Conservation energy will show recommendation on Operational Equipmentor even the processes. According to the Regulation No 13 of 2012, concerning an infrastructure that requires large-scale energy use, Conservation energy need to be done as the will for maintain the balance of Energy using further on maintaining Eco saving Energy for further generation come, as well as Psychology Faculty Universitas Diponegoro from 2016 to 2019 have specific large number of Energy consumer as education infrastructure that included from 13 Faculty and 5 unit operation .From that faculty there is spreaded more inside each faculty that called Unit. Overall, In this case from 13 Faculty and 5 Unit we analyze the detail recommendation that should do for Psychology Faculty of Diponegoro University as the newest building infrastructure and Non-Exact type Educational Departement such as Potential energy user of Equipment and Lightning. Keywords: Energy Conservation, SEU(Significant Energy User),Psychology Faculty UNDIP Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mahendra Krisna Krisna)

12	Energy Conservation and Efficiency	ABS-85
PHYSICAL RESILIENCE ASSESSMENT OF COASTAL SETTLEMENTS IN SEMARANG CITY, INDONESIA Santy Paulla Dewi , Novia Sari Ristanti , Rina Kurniati Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University Abstract The Semarang coastal areas face water and sediment-related disasters such as flood, land subsidence and erosion that threatening the livelihood of its communities and undermine coastal resources and quality of environment. Likewise, lack of adequate infrastructure and facilities make the coastal area included as slum area. Hence, living in slum settlement and facing water-related disasters makes people more vulnerable and difficult to face disasters. Therefore, thid study focuses on the assessment of the physical quality of settlements as part of physical capital that reduces vulnerability and increases the community^s adaptive capacity to overcoming adversities. The study adopted quantitative approach through the scoring and descriptive comparative analysis by comparing the physical condition of each resilient settlement based on a set of indicator. Keywords: assessment, coastal settlements, physical resilience indicators Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Santy Paulla Dewi)

13	Energy Conservation and Efficiency	ABS-90
ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY: EMPIRICAL STUDY USING PROVINCIAL DATA LEVELS IN INDONESIA Shanty Oktavilia, Andryan Setyadharma, Indah Fadjarini Sri Wahyuningrum, Nadia Damayanti Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Sekaran Gunungpati, Semarang, Indonesia Abstract The improvement of environmental quality is expected to increase along with the delegation of financial management authority to regional governments by the decentralization policy. The policy is expected to have an effect on the handling of environmental problems in the regions. This study analyzes the influence of regional government expenditure variables and aggregate economic output variables at the regional level, on environmental quality. This study uses cross section data of 33 provinces in Indonesia, in the period 2013-2018. Empirical studies were analyzed using panel data regression models. The results show that government expenditure has a positive and significant effect on the environmental quality index. The economic aggregate output variable has a positive and significant effect on the environmental quality index in Indonesia. This may imply that a rise in the quality of the environment in Indonesia is indicated by economic growth through a surge in aggregate economic output. Keywords: Government expenditure, GRDB, environmental quality index, panel data Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Shanty Oktavilia)

14	Energy Conservation and Efficiency	ABS-94
The Influence of Building Envelope Design in Energy Efficiency : OTTV Calculation of Multi Storey Building Previari Umi Pramesti, Mirza Ramandhika, Muhammad Ismail Hasan, Hermin Werdinningsih 1Vocational School, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia 50275 2Architecture Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia 50275 Abstract This study provides calculation of OTTV (Overall Thermal Transfer Value) to multi storey building in Semarang. Case study for this study is Suara Merdeka Tower with the height of 15 floors and dominated by glass on its facade. In addition to OTTV calculation, recommendation provides as well in this study in an effort to reach ideal OTTV value for its facade. To minimize external thermal loads, SNI 03.6389.2011 determines the design criteria for building envelope with the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) value must be less than or equal to 35 Watt / m2. The method used in this study is by direct measurement in the field using a measuring tool to get the effective temperature and relative humidity of the indoor space. As well as the use of Autodesk Ecotect Software 2011 as a tool that helps obtain Effective Shading Coefficient value with three dimensional simulation by incorporating climatological data from weatherbase site. The result of this research is obtained OTTV value at each facade that is OTTV value on 9th floor southwest facade equal to 47,07 W / m2, on 10th floor southwest facade of 60,60 W / m2, at northwest facade 13,61 W / m2, on the northeast facade of 24.49 W / m2, on the southeast facade of 32.6 W / m2, on the eastern facade of 32.32 W / m2, on the western facade of 47.12 W / m2, and on the northern facade of 32.32 W / m2. Keywords: OTTV simulation, thermal transfer, energy consumption Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Previari Umi Pramesti)

15	Energy Conservation and Efficiency	ABS-112
Estimating Mangrove Species for Restoration as Climate Change Adaptation in Southeast Asia Luri Nurlaila Syahid (a,b,*), Anjar Dimara Sakti (a,b,c), Ketut Wikantika (a,b,c) a) Center of Remote Sensing (CRS), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia b) Remote Sensing and GIS Research Group, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) c) Indonesian Young Researcher Forum (ForMIND) *luri.nurlaila[at]students.itb.ac.id Abstract Mangrove has an important role not only for ecosystem services such as erosion control and water purification but also for human life. For instance, mangrove has been satisfactorily saving people from the ocean such as storm surge or tsunami. However, the mangrove population has fallen for about a fifth over these 25 years. Therefore, rehabilitation and restoration of mangrove are essential to be taken to overcome mangrove loss. Nonetheless, in several areas, while doing the rehabilitation mangrove, some species of mangroves failed to survive due to the mangrove species were not suitable for those sites. Hence, this research aimed to determine suitable mangrove species for mangrove restoration in Southeast Asia. This research used several remote sensing datasets for determining the land suitable for mangrove restoration. Then, we identified suitable mangrove species for restoration area mangroves based on literature reviews. The result showed that Sonneratia sp. was the most suitable species for mangrove restoration in Southeast Asia. Additionally, we found that the typology of mangroves was related to the selection of mangrove species. Keywords: Mangrove, global, suitable sites, species mangrove, rehabilitation, and restoration. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Luri Syahid)

16	Energy Conservation and Efficiency	ABS-131
Comparison of Leachate and Mixed Waste Generated Electricity in Compost Solid Phase Microbial Fuel Cells (CSMFCs) Ganjar Samudro, Syafrudin, Irawan Wisnu Wardana, Tsuyoshi Imai 1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro 50275, Indonesia 2 Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan Abstract This study was conducted to compare between leachate and mixed waste produced electricity as one of the performance parameters of Compost Solid Phase Microbial Fuel Cells (CSMFCs) besides complying with compost requirements. Mixed waste as solid-phase produced from composting has higher potency to obtain electricity than leachate as the liquid phase. Composting of mixed waste was applied in CSMFCs reactor utilizing two anodes placed on leachate chamber at the bottom of the reactor and mixed waste at half of the reactor height and 1 cathode at above of two-third reactor height for electron transfer that its condition was adjusted on more or less 60% of moisture content, seven times of turning frequency, and 50:1 of initial C/N ratio during 23 days process running. The result shows that electrical production in mixed waste is a little more than leachate means that leachate and mixed waste produce the same result on power density as a total value of electricity, but the different of those in electrical production is that mixed waste produces more faster than leachate due to the first exposed electron, the faster-producing electricity Keywords: CSMFCs, leachate, mixed waste, composting Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ganjar Samudro)

17	Environment, Health, and Safety	ABS-3
THE EFFECT OF CHLORPYRIFOS EXPOSURE ON CARP FISH IN TWIN LAKES OF WEST SUMATRA INDONESIA Taufiq Ihsan, Tivany Edwin, Dian Paramita, Nabilah Frimeli Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Andalas, Kampus Unand Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatra 25163, Indonesia Abstract This study was conducted to analyze the sublethal effect of chlorpyrifos on the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR), and carp behaviors. The concentration used 1/7 and 1/14 of the LC50 carp. The study was conducted with the number of fish per aquarium was five fishes, and the testing exposure time was 14 days. The results of the FCR and the SGR at a concentration of 1/7 and 1/14 LC50 was 0.2907 and 0.3031, and 1.551% and 1.9581%, respectively. Changes in behavior during exposure, a decline in appearance such as being alone in the corner of the aquarium, moving irregularly and stress (r = 0.75-1), lots of mucus (r = 0.800-1), anal excretion (r = 0.6-0.799) and breathe to the surface (r = 0.800-1). This situation happened because chlorpyrifos begins to affect the nervous system of carp to reduce other body functions. The FCR and SGR had a significant effect through the statistical test due to the concentration of chlorpyrifos given. Whereas in changes in carp^s physiological behavior, there was no significant effect due to the level of concentration provided. Keywords: sublethal, chlorpyrifos, feed conversion rate, sustainable growth rate, carp Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Taufiq Ihsan)

18	Environment, Health, and Safety	ABS-5
The Inverted U-shape Relationship between Education and Environmental Degradation: Case of Seven ASEAN Countries Andryan Setyadharma, P Eko Prasetyo and Shanty Oktavilia Universitas Negeri Semarang Abstract The empirical evidence on the impact of education on environmental degradation is not clear, with some studies find that education reduces environmental degradation, while others find the opposite direction. Compared to the previous studies, this paper suggests that the environmental degradation can be expressed as a quadratic function of education level to investigate the existence of inverted U-shape. The inverted U-shape means that at the beginning, increasing education level deteriorates environmental quality and at a certain level, the rise of the education level improves environmental quality. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of the existence of inverted U-shape relationship between education and environmental degradation. This study employs panel data regression from seven ASEAN countries during 2011 to 2017. this study sets an equation model with two main variables, i.e.: education level and square term of education level. The main results show that the education variable is statistically significant reducing the environmental quality while the square term of education level variable is statistically significant improving the environmental quality. In conclusion, this study confirms the existence of inverted U-shape relationship between education and environmental degradation. The policy implications are also discussed based on the findings. Keywords: Education, Environmental Degradation, Inverted U-shape, Panel Data Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Andryan Setyadharma)

19	Environment, Health, and Safety	ABS-6
Prediction of Land Cover Changes in Penajam Paser Utara Regency Using Cellular Automata and Markov Model Rosa Julia Permatasari (a), Astrid Damayanti (b*), Tito Latif Indra (b), Muhammad Dimyati (b) a) Bachelor Program of Geography, Universitas Indonesia, Depok City, Indonesia b) Department of Geography, Universitas Indonesia, Depok City, Indonesia. *astrid.damayanti[at]sci.ui.ac.id Abstract Development and economic growth in an area can cause land cover changes. Penajam Paser Utara Regency, as a new capital candidate, is also predicted to experience changes in land cover. Land cover changes that are not following the potential of the land will cause environmental problems, so it is necessary to predict land cover changes by looking at patterns of land cover changes in the past and the factors that influence it. The purpose of this study is to analyze and predict the land cover change in Penajam Paser Utara Regency in 2031. The method used in this study is modeling using Cellular Automata - Markov for the prediction of land cover change. Besides, this study conducted an analysis using a multi-criteria analysis method as the driving factor of land cover change such as distance from the center of activity, distance from the road, distance from the river, height, and slope. There has been a change in land cover. It led to an increase in built-up land and a reduction in the forest area. Land cover changes occur in the regions that have good accessibility. Keywords: Cellular Automata - Markov, land cover changes, Penajam Paser Utara, prediction Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rosa Julia Permatasari)

20	Environment, Health, and Safety	ABS-9
Investigation of air pollution dispersion from kiln stacks based on seasonal using multi-model integration (WRF/CALPUFF) A Pratama* *Science Atmosphere and Planetary Department, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia Abstract Air pollution is one of the environmental problems that cause a bad impact on human life. The sources of air pollution come from various sources such as industry, mining, transportation, etc. This study aims to identify the seasonal dispersion of Sulfure Dioxide produced by kiln stacks in PT. Semen Padang, Tbk. The dispersion model used in this study is CALPUFF (For air pollution) integrated with WRF (Weather Research Forecasting) (For meteorological). CALPUFF requires the wind field generated by the CALMET model and the WRF. From the simulation, the direction of SO2 dispersion on the wet season and the dry season is influenced by meteorological phenomena such as sea breeze and land breeze. The dispersion of SO2 on the dry season passes the urban area more than on the wet season with the highest concentration is 122 ug/m3. On the other hand, on the wet season, the highest concentration is 120 ug/m3. These results are below of the national quality standard in Indonesia (365 ug/m3). The statistic also shows that the correlation and error (RMSE) between the model and the observed data are 0.63 and 5.49 on the wet season, whereas on the dry season are 0.74 and 2.89. Keywords: Air Pollution, CALMET, CALPUFF, WRF, Seasonal Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Alvin Pratama)

21	Environment, Health, and Safety	ABS-14
Safety Culture in Construction Project as an Effort to Keep Worker Health and Safety during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case Study Shifa Fauziyah(a*), Fardzanela Suwarto(a), Hartono(a), and Fajar Nurjihad(b) (a) Diponegoro University *shifa.fauziyah[at]live.undip.ac.id (b) Mercu Buana University Abstract COVID-19 has generated in unprecedented condition to workers safety and health in many sectors, especially construction project. The virus is easily spread between people, therefore construction projects must establish and implement safety plan to managing worker safety, health, and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted by using description qualitative method with a technique of determining informants purposively. The data obtained is the result of observation, in depth interview, documentation, and literature study. Case study is carried out Soekarno-Hatta International Airport Accessibility Project. The results showed applying steps to ensure workers health and keeping the workplace safe during the COVID-19 pandemic i.e requiring workers to get RAPID test for COVID-19 before returning to project- requiring workers to get temperature check before entering the workplace- hand sanitizer stations should be available at centre locations throughout workplace, spraying disinfectants directly on objects that are often touched like door handle every eight hours, implement physical distancing, if physical distancing cannot be applied, workers may implement the use of face coverings i.e non-medical masks or cloth masks. Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, construction, safety Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Shifa Fauziyah)

22	Environment, Health, and Safety	ABS-16
Personal characteristic, occupational, work environment and psychosocial stressor factors of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) complaints on bus driver: literature review M A Zulkarnain (a) , Y Setyaningsih2 (b), and I Wahyuni (b) a) Undergraduate Student of Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia b) Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang - Indonesia Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia *Corresponding author email: zulkarnainfirst[at]gmail.com Abstract Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) complaints is an experience of accumulation of injuries and pain that occur in the musculoskeletal system which is characterized by injuries on muscles, tendons, cartilages, ligaments, skeletons, vascular and nervous systems. Bus drivers are high-risk workers that experience MSDs complaints. MSDs on bus drivers can disrupt performance of drivers that could endangers the safety of drivers, passengers and public road users. This study aim to review literature on factors of MSDs complaints among bus drivers. The method used is literature review by compilation, tabulation, and comparing the results of researches then summarizing it. The research was obtained from an accredited journal site (PubMed, Research Gate, Science Direct, Scopus) and the google scholar journal search page. After searching for keywords and screening with the research inclusion criteria, 15 studies were obtained. It was found that smoking habits, age, years of work, driving duration, work posture, vibration, work stress and job dissatisfaction were the main factor of MSDs complaints on bus driver. Several studies also show that bus drivers with low level of physical activity, long driving duration, long travel distance, unergonomic seats, feelings of anxiety and confusion during driving had a higher risk for experiencing MSDs complaints. Keywords: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) complaints, personal characteristic, occupational, work environment, psychosocial stressor, bus driver Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Athtuur Zulkarnain)

23	Environment, Health, and Safety	ABS-18
UTILIZATION OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAVES FOR MAKING HAND SANITIZERS TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF COVID-19 VIRUS Fahmi Arifan (a*), Wisnu Broto (a), Enrico Fendy Sapatra (a), Alfyan Pujiastuti (a) a. Chemical Industrial Engineering Technology, Vocational School, Diponegoro Univesity, Jl.Prof Soedarto, MH Semarang *fahmiarifan80[at]gmail.com Abstract Nowadays, the presence of Covid-19 in Indonesia is so terrible. But in truth, this virus can be prevented by maintaining personal hygiene. One of the simplest ways to maintain personal hygiene is to wash your hands and use hand sanitizers as a practical measure if there is no time to wash hands, or because of limited water in certain places. Moringa leaves contain natural antiseptic ingredients, such as polyphenols. Antiseptic material can be processed into natural hand sanitizers. The results of various tests that have been carried out, such as organoleptic test, viscosity test, scattering test, and antibacterial test, have shown that the percolation extraction method used to extract hand sanitizers can produce extracts that can be processed into hand sanitizers which comply with hand sanitizer quality standards. Moringa leaf extract hand sanitizer has a high number of antibacterial components, namely saponins, triterpenoids, and tannins. The best result shows by 24 minutes of the percolator, with heating temperature 40 C and stirring time 45 minutes. From that results obtained a viscosity 2120 Cps, 4.79 cm of scattering test, and the average diameter of inhibition zones of 23.33 mm and fulfill the required standard. Keywords: Covid-19, hand sanitizers, Moringa leaves Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fahmi Arifan)

24	Environment, Health, and Safety	ABS-26
Bibliometric Analysis of Study on Exposure Evaluation to Aerosol Nano or Ultrafine Particles in the Breathing Zone R A Handika1,2, M Hata3, M Furuuchi3 1Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Jambi University, Pondok Meja, Jambi, 36364, Indonesia 2Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan 3Faculty of Geoscience and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan Abstract With the aim of mapping the advancement of exposure evaluation research for particles less than 100 nm in the breathing zone, we developed a bibliometric analysis using VosViewer 1.6.15 by collecting relevant Scopus publications on August 10, 2020. Of 769 relevant documents, 90.64 % (n = 697) came from the journal and used English as the language that started to be published since 1985. The results showed that research themes have grown on the three clusters related to inhaled nanoparticles exposure measurement, responses and effects, and their primary existence in consumer products. Moreover, depth analyses by visualizing maps of the top active countries, authors, and top-cited documents on the citation, co-citation, or co-occurrence have revealed several essential pieces of information on this research area. Our findings suggest that the greater depth on appropriate devices for exposure measurements, particularly in nano-sized, which matches with the metrics were needed. Through these efforts, the capabilities of analyses can improve for future inhaled nanoparticles exposure assessments. Keywords: exposure evaluation- nano-sized particles- the breathing zone- bibliometric analysis. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rizki Andre Handika)

25	Environment, Health, and Safety	ABS-30
Mercury (Hg) Concentration of Sediment Air Putih River Due to Gold Mining Without Permission Irwan Mulyadi, Badrus Zaman, Sri Sumiyati Environmental Engineering Department Diponegoro University Abstract The rise of mining activities without permission (PETI) in Tambang Sawah Village, Sub-district Pinang Belapis, District Lebong which was a peoples mining from Dutch colonial legacy have potency to cause environmental problems because the mercury application, especially in the Air Putih River which had become dumping area of the tailings waste mine mud without treatment. The utilization of mercury as a gold binder element in the amalgamation process. Mercury pollutants that enter the Air Putih River can spread along the river flow and accumulate in river sediments. The sampling was conducted using grab sampling method and sediment stream sample analyzed in the laboratory, as many as 20 samples taken at several locations in the Gelundungan house and 5 samples taken from the river flow. Analysis of mercury levels in tailings waste and river sediments carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (CV-AAS) and quality standards refers to NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). Mercury levels in tailings waste are ranged from 2,3739 to 265,4301 ppm (quality standard 0,0174 ppm) and the levels of mercury in river sediments at five sampling points from upstream to downstream river of the Tambang Sawah Village boundary, respectively 1,34 ppm, 4,18 ppm, 35,89 ppm, 50,32 ppm and 114,37 ppm. The mercury concentration in tailings waste and river sediment has exceeded the quality standard that indicates the river sediment has been polluted by mercury. Keywords: mercury, mining, sediment, water, waste Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Irwan Mulyadi)

26	Environment, Health, and Safety	ABS-34
The Study on the Linkage between Pollution Load and Water Quality Index of the Cidurian River - A Case Study of Serang District Segments Lia Pemulasari (a*), Budi Kurniawan (b), Yeyen Maryani (c) a)Program Studi Magister Teknik Kimia, Pascasarjana Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa Jl. Raya Jakarta Km.4 Pakupatan, Serang, 42122, Indonesia b)Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Republik Indonesia, Jalan DI Panjaitan Kav. 24 Kebon Nanas Jakarta Timur 13410 Indonesia c)Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa Jl. Jendral Sudirman Km.03, Cilegon 42435, Indonesia Abstract The increasing population and activities carried out on the banks of the Cidurian River has an impact on increasing pollutants that enter the river so that the quality of river water decreases.This study aims to determine the effect of the pollution load that enters the river from domestic,agricultural and livestock sectors on the Cidurian river water quality index.Calculation results show that the Cidurian River Water Quality Index ranges from -59 to -14,which is heavily polluted to moderately polluted with heavily polluted locations in Kopo District. Likewise with the results of the calculation of pollution load, the highest value of pollution load is in Kopo District with the ratio of the domestic sector 56%, agriculture 16,54% and livestock 27,46%, respectively.Based on these calculations, it can be concluded that the Cidurian River Water Quality Index in the Serang Regency segment is strongly influenced by pollution load from the domestic sector compared to agricultural sector and livestock sector in all monitoring locations.Hence it is necessary to construct and operate a domestic wastewater treatment plant in densely populated areas, especially in Kopo District to reduce the pollution load from domestic sector which in turn is expected to increase the Cidurian River Water Quality Index. Keywords: Pollution Load, Water Quality Index, Storet, Cidurian River Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Lia Pemulasari)

27	Environment, Health, and Safety	ABS-37
. . Diponegoro University Abstract aaa Keywords: Green, Environmental asset Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Matthew Darmawan)

28	Environment, Health, and Safety	ABS-40
Does gender and age affect individual^ sense of coherence? Study on disaster survivors Herdiyan Maulana (a), Gumgum Gumelar (b), Gita Irianda (c) (a), (b), (c) Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Negeri Jakarta Abstract There is substantial evidence that in the aftermath of disaster, individual^s sense of coherence (SOC) plays an important role promoting one^s sense of well-being. The SOC is regarded as a core component of the salutogenic model of mental health. Disaster survivors are frequently subjected to traumatic experience and have higher psychological distress prevalence rates compare people in general population. The present study aimed to investigate possible socio-demographic factors differences (gender and age) on sense of coherence (SOC) among disaster survivors in Indonesia. A total of 194 respondents (71 male and 123 females) from across the country were participated in the online-based survey. A factorial ANOVA using the JASP was conducted to investigate the main effects of type of gender and age groups and interaction effect of these variables on the SOC. All effects were statistically significant except for the Gender factor (Male and Female). The main effect of Age groups (F (2, 962.773) = 4.307, p = 0.005) indicating a significant difference of SOC between young adult, middle adult, and late adult groups. Theoretical implication and future direction of this study are discussed. Keywords: Age- Disaster survivors- Gender- Indonesia- Sense of Coherence. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Herdiyan Maulana)

29	Environment, Health, and Safety	ABS-41
Identification of Flood Vulnerable Zones in Batu Ampar Village Balikpapan City Using Geographical Information System Method Muhammad Ma arij Harfadli (a*), Mega Ulimaz (b) a) Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Kalimantan, Jalan Soekarno Hatta KM.15, Balikpapan, Indonesia. *maarijharfadli[at]lecturer.itk.ac.id b) Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Institut Teknologi Kalimantan, Jalan Soekarno Hatta KM.15, Balikpapan, Indonesia. Abstract Balikpapan is one of the cities that is vulnerable to flooding. One of the areas that often experience flood problems is Batu Ampar Village, in which some of its areas are basin areas so that it is vulnerable to flooding. Batu Ampar village is a trade and service center as well as a regional education center. The threat of flooding will greatly affect the sustain of the economic aspects. The purpose of this study is to find the vulnerable flood zones in Batu Ampar Village. The method used in this study is to use the Weighted Product method for the parameters used. Then making overlay maps will be using the ArcGIS 10.2.1 software. The overlay results will show the classify of vulnerable flood zones in Batu Ampar Village. This research has resulted in four classifications of vulnerable flood levels in Batu Ampat Village. They are not vulnerable, less vulnerable, vulnerable, and very vulnerable. Highly vulnerable areas that the description of frequent floods have a weighting value of more than 37 with an area of 1.32 km2. Based on field survey, the vulnerable flood areas were located in the Km. 4 (RT 41)- Social housing (RT 28 and RT 48). Keywords: Weighted Product, Overlay Maps, Flood, Balikpapan Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Maarij Harfadli)

30	Environment, Health, and Safety	ABS-43
Correlation With Dust Exposure Rice Milling Worker^s Lung Function Capacity in Sub-District Kerjo Iwan Suryadi, Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin, Sapta Suhardono, Seviana Rinawati, Siti Rachmawati, Lia Kusumaningrum Universitas Sebelas Maret Abstract Abstract. Many factors affect the impaired lung function capacity. One of the pollutants in the air that is dangerous is the level of dust. Open the irritation of the upper respiratory tract. This study aims to look at the correlation of dust with lung function capacity in rice milling workers. The study was conducted at rice milling workers in Sub District Kerjo. This study uses an observational design with a cross-sectional design. The population of workers was 50 people was taken using a total sampling technique. dust measurement based on SNI 16-7058-2004 uses a high volume sampler. Measurement of lung function capacity using spirometry. Other variables were assessed using a questionnaire and a checklist sheet to determine the characteristics of the study respondents. The results showed significant levels of environmental dust, work area and use of significant masks with impaired lung function capacity with p-values = 0.000 and r= 0,493. The use of masks during work must be a must for workers to protect from dust exposure which generally comes from grain dust. Keywords: Dust Exposure, Rice Milling Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Iwan Suryadi)

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