Malaria vaccination targeting parasite stages in mosquitoes to block transmission Yenni Yusuf (a)
a) Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University Makassar
Abstract
Transmission of malaria involves Anopheles mosquitoes as the vectors of Plasmodium parasite. Malaria eradication includes the distribution of insecticide-treated bednets. However, the Anopheles mosquitoes have developed insecticide resistance hence it is necessary to find other modalities to eradicate the disease. Because the parasites undergo several stages in the mosquito midgut before developing into infective stages that migrate to the salivary gland, it is of interest to target the mosquito stages in a vaccination to block the transmission. Human vaccination with the antigen of the mosquito stages may induce production of specific antibodies against the stages that might be transferred into mosquito during blood meal that will bind with the antigen of the mosquito stages in the midgut and consequently inhibit the development of the parasite. Such vaccine is called transmission blocking vaccine (TBV). An effective TBV should induce high titer of antibody for a long time. One of the leading antigen is Pfs25. Here we review the update of TBV development targeting Pfs25, the challenges, and the alternative solution of the challenges.
Keywords: TBV, Pfs25, malaria, Plasmodium, mosquito stages
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