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1	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-7
D(-) Lactic Acid Production Using Corncob (Zea mays) Biomass via Multiple Parallel Fermentation (MPF) Elya Mufidah*, Bambang Dwi argo, Yusron Sugiarto, Adib Maula Mifzal, Audrya Nasywa Veliska, Jessica Sebastian Wijaya, Sarah Ramadhanty Hanifa Bioprocess Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia 65148 Corresponding author: elyamufidah1985[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Corn-cob waste is rich in carbon, making it a promising feedstock for lactic-acid fermentation. This study aimed to (i) screen fungi that secrete biomass-degrading enzymes and lactic-acid bacteria (LAB) that produce D-lactic acid, and (ii) optimize multiple parallel fermentation (MPF) conditions for D-lactic-acid production from corn-cob substrate using the Taguchi method. Fungal candidates were evaluated for degradative potential and LAB for D-lactic-acid productivity, while temperature, pH, and substrate concentration were varied as control factors in the MPF system. Aspergillus niger and A. flavus showed the highest degradative activity, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides was the most effective D-lactic-acid producer. The optimal MPF conditions were 7 percent substrate, pH 6, and 39 degree celcius, yielding 17.8 percent D-lactic acid- temperature produced the largest signal-to-noise variation and was the most influential factor. These results indicate that corn-cob waste can serve as a viable carbon source for D-lactic-acid fermentation, supporting future production of PLA with improved thermal and mechanical properties. Keywords: D Lactic Acid- Fungi- Enzyme- Multiple Parallel Fermentation- Polysaccharide lytic Enzyme- Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (ELYA MUFIDAH)

2	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-13
CO2 Sequestration by Chlorella vulgaris Using Cost-Effective Cultivation Media under Varying CO2 Concentrations in a Photobioreactor Ghiffarin Priambudi, Wahyunanto A Nugroho*, Akhmad Adi Sulianto, Yusuf Wibisono Biosystem Engineering, Brawijaya University Abstract Indonesia^s rapid population growth has driven the deforestation of approximately 10.2 million hectares and contributed 21.1 billion tons of CO2 emissions over the past two decades, highlighting the urgent need for effective carbon capture strategies. Microalgae such as Chlorella vulgaris offer a sustainable solution for CO2 sequestration due to their superior photosynthetic efficiency and adaptability. This study investigates the growth and CO2 fixation performance of C. vulgaris cultivated in three different media: standard BG-11 (M1), hydroponic fertilizer AB Mix (M2), and AB Mix supplemented with urea and TSP (M3), all selected for their ease of preparation and low cost. The cultures were exposed to three CO&#8322- injection levels-0.05% (C1), 1% (C2), and 5% (C3)-in a 12 L closed photobioreactor system. Growth rate, CO&#8322- fixation rate, and mass transfer rate were assessed across all treatments. The highest average specific growth rate was achieved in C1M2 (0.1481 day^-1), while the highest CO&#8322- fixation rate was observed in C3M2 (3567.792 mg L^-1day^-1), and the highest mass transfer rate in C3M3 (63.779 mg L^-1). Interestingly, treatments with low CO2 concentrations supported higher growth, whereas higher CO2 levels significantly enhanced fixation and transfer rates. A paired t-test revealed a statistically significant difference between specific growth and fixation rates (P < 0.05), while two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests confirmed that CO&#8322- concentration and medium type significantly influenced fixation performance, though not growth. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of AB Mix-based media as low-cost alternatives to conventional media, supporting their potential for scalable microalgal CO2 sequestration systems, particularly in resource-limited settings. Keywords: Chlorella vulgaris- CO2 sequestration- alternative cultivation media Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Wahyunanto Agung Nugroho)

3	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-15
Effect of Vacuum Pressure and Flocculant Type on the Physicochemical Properties of Liquid Sugar from Coconut and Sugarcane Sap Using Vacuum Drying Mochamad Bagus Hermanto 1*, Dea Nurinda Salsadila 2, La Choviya Hawa 2, Dimas Firmanda Al Riza 1, Dwi Setiawan 2 1 Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia 2 Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia Email : mbhermanto[at]ub.ac.id Abstract The production of liquid sugar from coconut sap and sugarcane sap is gaining importance in the food industry due to its ease of application. However, inconsistent product quality remains a major issue due to inefficient conventional processing methods. This study investigates the effects of vacuum pressure, flocculant type, and sap source on the physicochemical properties of liquid sugar to meet the quality criteria outlined in the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 8779 2019). A factorial completely randomized design was employed with three factors: vacuum pressure (100 mBar and 150 mBar), flocculant type (none, anionic, and phosphate-based P2-O5-), and sap type (coconut and sugarcane), each with three replications. Processing was conducted using a vacuum dryer at 70&#8239-oC, followed by analysis of Brix, water content, viscosity, pH, yield, and color. Results showed that a lower vacuum pressure (100 mBar) significantly increased yield (24.15%) and viscosity, while maintaining a water content of 32.17%. The phosphate-based flocculant (P2-O5-) produced the highest pure Brix value (70.80%) and enhanced color brightness. Sugarcane sap led to higher Brix (71.03%) and viscosity than coconut sap. The combination of 100 mBar vacuum pressure and phosphate flocculant was the most effective treatment for producing high-quality liquid sugar close to SNI standards. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing process parameters to improve clarity, stability, and sucrose concentration in the final product. This study also provides a foundation for scaling up production and offers potential directions for future research, including storage stability, energy efficiency, and the use of environmentally friendly natural flocculants. Keywords: Liquid Sugar-Coconut Sap-Sugarcane Sap-Flocculant-Vacuum Drying-Physicochemical Properties Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mochamad Bagus Hermanto)

4	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-17
Drying Kinetics of Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) with Osmotic Dehydration Pretreatment Using Different Types of Sugar La Choviya Hawa*, Aprillia Cahyani Putri, Salma Meidina Putri, Nabila Intan Milania Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia Email: *la_choviya[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Averrhoa bilimbi L., commonly known as bilimbi, is a fruit rich in vitamins and nutrients, frequently utilized as a culinary ingredient, beverage component, food additive, and traditional medicine. Its high moisture content renders it highly perishable. To extend its shelf life, a drying process employing osmotic dehydration pretreatment was applied to reduce moisture content. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sugar type on mass transfer, as well as the influence of osmotic dehydration treatment and drying temperature variations on moisture content, drying rate, and physicochemical characteristics of bilimbi. Three types of sugar, namely glucose, sucrose, and maltodextrin, were used at a concentration of 40 percent, with three drying temperatures set at 50, 60, and 70 degrees Celsius using a forced convection drying method. The results indicated that sucrose was the most effective sugar, yielding the highest water loss and weight reduction, along with the lowest solid gain. Increasing the drying temperature resulted in lower final moisture content and higher drying rates. Samples pretreated with sucrose exhibited color values of L* = 38.78 to 41.15, a* = 14.48 to 16.11, b* = 70.30 to 71.06. The vitamin C content after osmotic dehydration with sucrose ranged from 21.99 to 48.68 mg per 100 g, with more pronounced cellular shrinkage. The Modified Page model best described the drying kinetics. Keywords: Bilimbi- Drying- Osmotic dehydration Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (La Choviya Hawa)

5	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-26
Enhancing Hydroponic Celery Growth with Plant Acoustic Frequency Technology Using Papuan Tifa Music Yusuf Hendrawan*, Velia Elmia Nita, Rut Juniar Nainggolan, Dwi Setiawan, Mochamad Bagus Hermanto, Gunomo Djojowasito, Retno Damayanti Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia *Email: yusuf_h[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Controlled-environment cultivation has emerged as an important strategy to meet increasing demand for vegetables amid limited arable land. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Plant Acoustic Frequency Technology using traditional Papuan Tifa music in stimulating vegetative growth of celery in a wick-type hydroponic system. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a Completely Randomized Design with four acoustic frequency levels (0 Hz, 3,000 Hz, 8,000 Hz, 13,000 Hz) and four daily exposure durations (0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h), each with three replications. Acoustic treatments were applied for 30 consecutive days, twice daily, using enclosed chambers equipped with speakers delivering 57-71 dBA. Growth parameters measured included plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight, leaf greenness index, and root dry weight. Results showed that both frequency and exposure duration significantly influenced most growth traits, with 3,000 Hz producing the highest overall performance. The combination of 3,000 Hz for 3 h/day yielded the greatest improvements, increasing plant height by 41%, leaf number by 45%, leaf area by 56%, fresh weight by 21%, and root dry weight by 162% compared to control, while the greenness index was not significantly affected by frequency. These findings suggest that low-frequency acoustic stimulation integrated into culturally relevant music can serve as an effective, low-cost, and sustainable method to enhance celery production in hydroponic systems. This approach has potential applicability in urban farming and resource-limited agricultural contexts, supporting food security through innovative, non-chemical growth enhancement. Keywords: Celery - Papuan Tifa music - Plant Acoustic Frequency Technology - Sound stimulation - Vegetative growth Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yusuf Hendrawan)

6	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-27
Physical and Thermal Properties of Averrhoa bilimbi L.: Mass Modelling for Postharvest Processing La Choviya Hawa, Lita Puspita Rizka Perdana*, Ubaidillah Ubaidillah, Mochamad Bagus Hermanto, Nabila Intan Milania Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia *litapuspita[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Averrhoa bilimbi L. of family oxalidaceae, widely cultivated throughout tropical countries. The chemical constituents of A. bilimbi have been identified include citric acid, vitamins A, B, and C, as well as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, anthocyanins, and triterpenoids. Due to its high acid content, A. bilimbi can be used as a food flavoring. However, the potential of A. bilimbi have never been well developed, causes the moisture content which reaches more than 90%. This makes it highly susceptible to postharvest quality degradation. Therefore, drying is postharvest technique, thereby extend its shelf life and quality. This study quantified the physical and thermal properties of A. bilimbi to aid in the design of processing equipment. The fruits principal dimensions averaged 47.1 mm in length, 24.0 mm in width, and 23.0 mm in thickness. The mass ranged from 5.8 to 39.7 g, with volumes between 4.5 and 40.5 cm3. The average geometric and equivalent diameters were 29.6 mm, and the fruit had an ellipsoid shape. A. bilimbi has relatively high thermal conductivity (0.610 J.ms C). Four empirical models, i.e. linear, quadratic, power, and S-curve, were evaluated to predict fruit mass using physical attributes. The multivariate quadratic model with principal dimensions (LWT) provided the highest R2 value for mass prediction. These findings offer a scientific basis for designing grading, sorting, and processing equipment, and for developing postharvest and derivative products. Keywords: Averrhoa bilimbi L.-physical properties-thermal properties-mass modelling-regression Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Lita Puspita Rizka Perdana)

7	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-29
Optimization of extraction time and amplitude in the ultrasound-assisted extraction method for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of cocoa pod husk extract Nur Hidayat (a*), Suprayogi (b), Sri Suhartini (c), Indah Fitriana Subekti (d), Arlis Erliana Savitri (e), Amanna Ilma Rizqina (f), Devin Edna Dhana (g) Faculty of Agricultural Technology Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang, ZIP 65145, Indonesia *nhidayat[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Cocoa pod husk is an agricultural waste with potential as a natural antioxidant source due to its polyphenol content. This study aimed to optimize amplitude and extraction time in Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) for maximizing total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of cocoa pod husk extract. The study employed the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with two factors, namely amplitude (60%, 70%, and 80%) and extraction time (30, 45, and 60 minutes), resulting in 9 experiments plus 5 center points. Dried cocoa pod husk was ground, sieved to a uniform particle size, and extracted using 52% (v/v) ethanol-water with a sample to solvent ratio according to UAE standards. Total phenolics were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and antioxidant activity by DPPH assay. Amplitude and extraction time significantly influenced both responses. The highest phenolic content (15.14 mg GAE/g) occurred at 80% amplitude and 60 minutes, while the best antioxidant activity (IC&#8325-&#8320- 76.39 ppm) occurred at 60% amplitude and 60 minutes. RSM optimization predicted optimum conditions at 60% amplitude and 38.01 min, producing 13.72 mg GAE/g phenolics, 82.75 ppm antioxidant activity, and 0.729 desirability. UAE optimization has the potential to produce high-quality cocoa pod husk extract for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Keywords: Cocoa pod husk- Ultrasound Assisted Extraction- Response Surface Methodology- Total phenolic content- Antioxidant activity Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Amanna Ilma Rizqina)

8	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-30
Quality Evaluation of Avocado Peel and Pulp Oil (Persea americana) Using Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) with Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Pretreatment Aisyah Miftahurrahmah, Sukardi*, Arie Febrianto Mulyadi Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia *Email: sukardi[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Avocado (Persea americana) is a tropical fruit that contains bioactive compounds such as tannins, phenolic acids, and flavonoids with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Avocado pulp is a rich source of oil due to its high content of oleic acid and palmitic acid. The extraction method in this study uses Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) combined with Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) pretreatment to increase cell membrane permeability and yield. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of PEF voltage and exposure time on its quality and the best treatment on its physicochemical characteristics compared to the control. Voltage levels were 4, 6, and 8 kV, and exposure times were 5, 10, and 15 minutes. This study examined yield, refractive index, specific gravity, color (L and a*), and Cell Disintegration Index (CDI) for all samples, while FFA and GC-MS analysis were conducted only for the best treatment. The voltage and exposure time influenced avocado peel and pulp oil quality, with significant effects on yield, refractive index, and specific gravity. The best treatment (T3W3: 8 kV and 15 minutes) has an increase in yield by 2.62% and FFA of 0.8%, but reduced refractive index of 0.019%, specific gravity of 0.037, L color of 5.04, and a* color of 0.85 compared to control. Keywords: Avocado peel and pulp- extraction- MAE- PEF pretreatment Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aisyah Miftahurrahmah)

9	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-33
Determination of Physical and Thermophysical Characteristics of Shallot Haryono1, Sandra Malin Sutan2, Soemardi Hadi Sumarlan2, Yusuf Wibisono3* 1 Department of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia 2 Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia 3 Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia Corresponding Author Email: Y_Wibisono[at]ub.ac.id Abstract This study aims to determine the physical and thermophysical characteristics of shallot bulbs. The results of this study are expected to be a useful reference for farmers or the shallot seed industry to improve the shallot drying process. The density of shallots is determined based on the mass and volume of one shallot bulb. Thermal diffusivity is measured using the unsteady-state method with a simple tool based on the heat conduction process. Finite difference equations using the Crank-Nicolson mathematical model are used to calculate the thermal diffusivity of each sample based on the observed data from each sample. Finite difference equations using the Crank-Nicolson mathematical model are used to calculate the thermal diffusivity of each sample based on the observed data from each sample. The specific heat of shallots is determined using the Siebel equation. The results showed that the thermal diffusivity between parts and shapes of shallot samples ( Allium Cepa Linn) did not differ. . So the largest thermal conductivity is dried Nganjuk shallots on the inner flesh, namely 7.7563E + 0. = 7.7563 W /mC. And the smallest thermal conductivity is fresh Lancor red shallots on the inside meat, which is -35.756E-05. = -35.756 x 10 -05 W/mC. So the largest conductivity is dry shallots and the smallest conductivity is fresh shallots. Keywords: Physical characteristics- Shallots- Thermal conductivity- Thermophysics Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yusuf Wibisono)

10	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-40
Soxhletation Ethanol Extraction of Wet Avocado Seed Oil (Persea americana Mill.) with Pre-treatment Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Nabila Putri Rahma Aryanti, Sukardi*, Beauty Suestining Diyah Dewanti Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia *Email: sukardi[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) contains many vitamins, fats, and minerals that are good for the body. The part of the avocado fruit that is often discarded is the seed. Avocado seeds can produce oil extracts containing polyphenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The method used is soxhlet extraction with Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) pretreatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the best conditions and analyze the effect of PEF pretreatment on the chemical content, quality, and yield of avocado wet seed oil compared to extraction without PEF. There are 2 types of factors, namely PEF exposure time and PEF voltage. The PEF exposure time factor consists of 3 levels, namely 15, 30, and 45 minutes. The PEF voltage factor consists of 3 levels, namely 4000, 6000, and 8000 volts. The tests carried out were in the form of yield, refractive index, water content, specific input energy of PEF, cell disintegration index, analysis using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), antioxidant test, and antibacterial test. The data analysis process used ANOVA based on RBD (Randomized Block Design). The results of the best PEF treatment (PEF exposure time of 45 minutes and PEF voltage of 4000 volts) included, yield of 6.449%, refractive index of 1.4128, cell disintegration index of 0.2565, water content of 60.13%, GC-MS analysis contained 22 compounds, antioxidant activity (IC50) of 863.440 ppm, and antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus aureus of 15.93 mm. Keywords: Avocado seed- Extraction- Pulsed electric field- Soxhletation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aisyah Miftahurrahmah)

11	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-48
Baseline Study on Bacterial Nanocellulose Films with Starch and Glycerol for Future Machine Learning Guided Formulation Optimization Claudia Gadizza Perdani*, Hussaini Achmad Fansuri, Ika Atsari Dewi, Arie Febrianto Mulyadi Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia Email: cgadizza[at]ub.ac.id Abstract This study presents baseline mechanical properties of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) based biodegradable films formulated with starch and glycerol, serving as the foundation for a future machine learning (ML) driven formulation optimization. The composition levels for starch and glycerol were determined based on prior undergraduate research, which explored their effects on film performance. In this baseline study, all formulation and processing parameters were fixed to capture unoptimized mechanical behavior. Tensile strength ranged from 2.35 to 4.87 MPa and elongation at break from 13.33% to 56.67%. FTIR spectra are expected to confirm cellulose functional groups, and SEM micrographs will visualize the nanofibrillar network. The findings establish the initial dataset for the next stage, where ML will be applied to optimize formulation factors including starch, glycerol, CaCl2, and citric acid for improved performance in sustainable packaging applications Keywords: bacterial nanocellulose- baseline study- biobased film- glycerol- machine learning Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Claudia Gadizza Perdani Perdani)

12	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-52
Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Corn Tortillas Made from Hybrid Corn Flour (Raja R7), Wheat, and Tapioca: A Formulation Study Dyah Ari Kusumah Wardani*, Arie Febrianto Mulyadi, Panji Deoranto Departement of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Brawijaya *Email: dyaharikw[at]student.ub.ac.id Abstract Corn is a strategic food ingredient that has the potential to be developed into value-added products such as tortillas, especially through the use of the local variety Raja R7. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the optimal formulation that produces the best sensory and physicochemical quality, especially to support MSEs in the region. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the type and ratio of flour (Raja R7 corn, wheat, and tapioca) on the quality of corn tortillas and to identify the best formulation. The study was conducted experimentally using a Randomized Block Design with six formulation treatments, sensory testing by 30 panelists, and physicochemical analysis (moisture content, fat, color, and breaking strength). The results showed that the 9:6:5 formulation (corn:wheat:tapioca) provided the best quality with a fat content of 16.75%, high breaking strength (10.8 N), a whiteness index of 51.96, and the highest hedonic scores for color (4.5), taste (4.3), aroma (4.1), and texture (4.4). This formulation demonstrates an ideal balance between sensory and physicochemical characteristics, although the water content still slightly exceeds the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) standard. A comparative analysis of the cost of goods sold (HPP) between the best treatment and the UMK product shows a similar difference, thus not affecting the selling price. This research emphasizes the importance of combining local ingredients in enhancing the competitiveness of UMK products and supporting the downstreaming of regional commodity-based food production. Keywords: Corn Totilla- Flour Formulation- Sensory- Physicochemical- Raja R7 Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dyah Ari Kusumah Wardani)

13	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-54
Study on the Prevention of Chilling Injury in Cold Storage of Crystal Guava (Psidium guajava L.) Using Physical and Chemical Treatments Sinta Ayu Pitaloka*, Rini Yulianingsih, and La Choviya Hawa Department of Biosystem Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia *Email: sintaayupitaloka88[at]gmail.com Abstract Crystal guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a climacteric, highly perishable fruit. Low-temperature storage can extend its shelf life, but it may cause chilling injury during prolonged storage if the temperature is not appropriate. Pre-cooling treatment is one of the methods that can slow down the occurrence of chilling injury. This study focuses on pre-cooling treatments by immersing the fruit using Hot Water Treatment (HWT), Methyl Jasmonate (MeJa), and a combination of both treatments for 15 minutes to evaluate the resistance of crystal guava during cold storage at 4 degree Celcius, 8 degree Celcius, and 12 degree Celcius. The MeJa pre-treatment and storage at 8 degree Celcius effectively prevented high ion leakage, weight loss, and fruit firmness reduction. In the images visual appearance, the HWT treatment can prevent color changes, while the MeJa treatment can prevent the occurrence of pitting. These results are likely due to enzymatic activity providing defense against biotic and abiotic stress, thereby protecting the mitochondria from damage caused by oxidation during cold storage. Keywords: Chilling Injury- Cold Storage- Crystal Guava- Pre-cooling Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sinta Ayu Pitaloka)

14	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-55
Application of Thermal Energy Storage into Food Drying Technology Raditya Helmi Fakhruddin 1*, Mochamad Bagus Hermanto 1, La Choviya Hawa 1, Yoshinori Nagase 2, Osamu Ohnishi 2, Ken Masuya 2, and Ryuusuke Kawamura 2 1 Department of Biosystem Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Jalan Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia 2 Mechanical Engineering Program, University of Miyazaki, Gakuenkibanadainishi 1 Chome-1, 889-2155 Miyazaki, Japan *Email: radityahf1987[at]gmail.com Abstract The food and agricultural sectors must improve and ensure the quality of food production to anticipate challenges. One of the solutions is drying food to prolong shelf life using dryer. Main part of dryer is chamber, and it is important to design the drying chamber that suitable for food drying. The usage of PCM is common nowadays, it can improve drying rate due to food parameters. This study is conducted to design drying chamber, acknowledge the effect on usage of PCM on the drying chamber, and its effect on the temperature change, RH, moisture content, and color changes of banana as food sample. The result of this study is that the design of cylindrical drying chamber with 3 trays can be used to dry bananas. Besides, the usage of PCM can retain heat within the chamber and maintain low relative humidity (RH) compared without using PCM, which is suitable for food drying because it requires a stable temperature, not too low RH, and no drastic change in temperature and RH. The use of different melting points of PCM for drying banana shows that PCM 70 results in low moisture content and high color change indicates that drying process occurred properly. Keywords: Banana- Drying Chamber- Food Drying- Phase Change Material Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Raditya Helmi Fakhruddin)

15	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-57
UV-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Non-Destructive Prediction of Avocado Oil Content Rut Juniar Nainggolan*, Dimas Firmanda Al Riza, Yusuf Hendrawan Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia *Email: niar.1906.rut[at]gmail.com Abstract Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) oil content is a primary indicator of maturity and commercial quality, and rapid non-destructive assessment supports harvest scheduling, yield estimation, and quality control. This study evaluates ultraviolet induced fluorescence spectroscopy to predict oil content from peel measurements under laboratory conditions. Ninety-six fruits spanning unripe, ripe, and overripe stages were analysed- peel fluorescence spectra were recorded under 360 and 380 nm excitation, and reference oil content was determined by Soxhlet extraction with hexane. Three regressors, namely ridge regression with L2 regularisation, partial least squares regression (PLSR), and an artificial neural network (ANN), were tuned by five-fold cross-validation and tested on a held out set without spectral preprocessing. Performance varied with excitation and was consistently led by ridge regression. At 360 nm, ridge achieved test set R-squared 0.718 with root mean squared error 5.76 percent by weight, outperforming PLSR at 0.699 and 5.94 and the ANN at 0.484 and 7.78. At 380 NM, ridge again performed best with R-squared 0.720 and root mean squared error 5.73, with PLSR close behind at 0.711 and 5.81 and the ANN lower at 0.498 and 7.66. These patterns indicate predominantly linear relations favouring L2 regularised linear modelling- PLAR provided a stable, interpretable baseline, whereas the ANN did not surpass the linear methods. Overall, the results support ultraviolet induced fluorescence modelling as a reliable, non-destructive tool for rapid screening and maturity informed quality management, with potential for portable or in line implementation. Keywords: Fluorescence spectroscopy- machine learning- non-destructive measurements- oil content Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rut Juniar Nainggolan)

16	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-64
The Effect of NaOH Concentration and Seagrass (Syringodium isoetifolium) Extract Concentration on the Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Solid Soap Bambang Susilo, Salsabilla Kirana Putri*, Nadisa Indra Zalyanti, Wafa Nida Faida Azra, Abd. Rohim Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Veteran Street, Malang 65145, Indonesia salsabillakirana.p[at]gmail.com Abstract Seagrass (Syringodium isoetifolium) is a marine plant commonly found in Indonesian waters, known to contain bioactive compounds such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and antibacterials. This potential makes seagrass a natural ingredient that can be utilized in developing skincare products, one of which is solid soap. This study aims to determine the effect of varying concentrations of NaOH and seagrass extract on the physical characteristics and antioxidant activity of solid soap. The seagrass extraction process was carried out using the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) probe method with 50% ethanol as the solvent. Solid soap was formulated with variations in NaOH concentration (20%, 30%, and 40%) and seagrass extract concentration (0%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%). Soap quality tests included measurements of moisture content, pH, and foam stability, while antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method to determine the IC50 value. The results showed that increasing the NaOH concentration and seagrass extract level tended to increase the moisture content and pH of the soap. The highest foam stability was obtained in soap with 20% NaOH and 10% extract, although the differences were not statistically significant. Antioxidant activity increased with the addition of seagrass extract, with the best result found in soap with 30% NaOH and 10% extract, which had an IC50 value of 1470.90 ppm. The solid soap produced met the solid soap quality standards according to SNI 3532:2021. Keywords: Antioxidant- Seagrass- Solid Soap- Syringodium isoetifolium Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Salsabilla Kirana Putri)

17	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-77
Cationic Modification of Cellulose From Empty Oil Palm Bunches Berliana Nur Hazijah* Departement of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, Indonesia *Email: berliananur[at]student.ub.ac.id Abstract Empty Oil Palm Fruit Bunches (EFB) are the primary waste product generated in large quantities from oil palm plantations. In Indonesia, the palm oil processing industry produces approximately 2.5 million tons of EFB solid waste annually. For every ton of palm oil processed, approximately 230 until 250 kg of solid waste is generated. One component of EFB with potential for utilization is cellulose. This compound is hydrophilic due to the numerous hydroxyl groups in its molecular structure. This hydrophilic nature makes cellulose readily absorb moisture, which, if excessive and prolonged, can damage the cellulose structure. Therefore, cellulose modification is necessary to improve its functional properties for wider applications. This study aimed to determine changes in cellulose characteristics after modification at various temperatures and CTAB concentrations, and to determine the best treatment combination based on parameters such as water absorption, yield, and water content.Cationic modification was carried out using cellulose extracted from EFB, CTAB, 1M NaOH solution, and demineralized water as the main ingredients. The study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with two treatment factors: CTAB concentration (1%, 2%, and 3% w/v) and modification temperature (50, 60, and 70 ). The research process included cationic modification of cellulose using CTAB, as well as testing the water absorption, yield, and water content. From the results of tests carried out on modified cellulose, it was found that the best results is CTAB 1% and temperature 60. Keywords: Cellulose- Cellulose Modification- CTAB- Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ika Atsari Dewi)

18	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-80
Jatropha Oil-based Polyol for Polyurethane Foam: Effect of Gelling Catalyst on Physical & Mechanical Properties Murni Sundang1, Sariah Saalah1*, Coswald Stephen Sipaut1, Suryani Saallah2 1 Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia 2Biotechnology Research Institure, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia s_sariah[at]ums.edu.my Abstract Polyurethane foam (PUF) is widely used in industries as an insulation material in construction and electrical appliance. However, most PUF is produced from petroleum-based polyols, raising concerns about resource depletion and environmental impact. To address this, bio-based polyols from renewable sources are being explored. In this study, non-edible crude jatropha oil was selected as a raw material to produce polyol and subsequently polyurethane foam. Jatropha oil polyols were synthesised via epoxidation and oxirane ring-opening reactions and confirmed the synthesis using FTIR. These polyols were then reacted with methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, silicone surfactant, water, 1,4-butanediol, and dibutyltin dilaurate as gelling catalyst. The effects of catalyst loading on foam properties were evaluated in terms of density, compressive strength, and cell morphology. The optimum performance was obtained at 0.4 php of catalyst, which produced the highest compressive strength (1200 kPa) and uniform cell structure, while 0.6 php of catalyst resulted in the highest density (371 kilogram per metercube). At low catalyst loading, the properties of foam is weak and porous with less regular cell structures. This clearly shows the catalyst loading play an important role in controlling the quality of polyurethane foam. Optimum catalyst concentrations tended to produce smaller and more uniform cells, improving mechanical performance up to an optimal point. These results demonstrate that jatropha oil-based polyols, with optimised catalyst usage, can produce good-performance, eco-friendly PUF suitable for various industrial applications. Keywords: Jatropha oil polyol- polyurethane foam- biobased polymer Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (MURNI SUNDANG)

19	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-84
Ratiometric Fluorescence and Reflectance Imaging of Rhodamine B and Curcumin Strips for Meat Spoilage Detection Sandra, Yusuf Hendrawan, Dewi Maya Maharani, Rut Juniar Nainggolan*, Mitha Sa^diyah Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, 65145, Indonesia *Email: niar.1906.rut[at]gmail.com Abstract Food safety and waste reduction require rapid, portable, and low-cost methods to monitor meat freshness. Paper based fluorescence sensors are attractive because they are simple to fabricate, economical, and responsive to volatile organic compounds released during spoilage. This study evaluates rhodamine B (synthetic) and curcumin (natural) dyed paper strips to track spoilage of beef and pork at ambient temperature. Strips were attached to the inner surface of plastic cup lids above 10 g of meat so that only headspace volatiles reached the strips. Observations were made every two hours from 2 to 12 hours. At each time point, reflectance and fluorescence images of strips and meats were acquired in a mini studio using a camera with white light and an ultraviolet ring at 365 nm. Images were processed in MATLAB 2025 for segmentation and feature extraction from red, green, and blue- hue, saturation, and value- and CIELAB coordinates, and ratiometric colour indices were tracked over time. Results showed consistent patterns: under ultraviolet excitation, beef exhibited a progressive shift toward greener emission, while reflectance images became lighter with reduced apparent redness- pork also brightened, with a shallower ultraviolet trajectory. Curcumin strips displayed stronger and more discriminative changes than rhodamine B, suggesting greater sensitivity to amine volatiles. Strip lightness correlated positively with meat lightness, supporting noncontact headspace sensing. These findings support ratiometric imaging on low cost paper strips for early spoilage tracking in tropical settings and provide a basis for freshness classification and smart packaging. Keywords: Meat spoilage- rhodamine B- curcumin- fluorescence imaging- reflectance imaging- ratiometric analysis Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rut Juniar Nainggolan)

20	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-85
Optimization of Bioactive Compound Extraction from Fresh Subgrade Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Using Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) Dodyk pranowo1*, Hendrix Yulis Setyawan1, Endrika Widyastuti2, Pandu Waskito1, Ulaya Warda Aziza1 1 Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Brawijaya, Jl Veteran Malang, Indonesia 2 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Brawijaya, Jl Veteran Malang, Indonesia *Email: dodykpranowo[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) rhizomes are a valuable source of curcuminoids and essential oils, particularly turmerone-rich fractions that are widely utilized in the food and health industries. However, conventional extraction methods often result in suboptimal oil yield. This study optimized the ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation (UAHD) of fresh, subgrade turmeric using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (13 runs). Two ultrasound pretreatment factors: amplitude (15-65 (persen)) and time (15-45 min) were applied prior to 2 hour hydrodistillation with water (1:8, w/v). The responses measured were oil yield, refractive index (RI), and density. Quadratic models adequately described oil yield (R (kuadrat) = 0.9129) and density (R (kuadrat) = 0.9233), while a two-factor interaction model best fit RI (R (kuadrat) = 0.9403). Ultrasound time had a stronger effect on yield, whereas amplitude dominated RI. Multi-response optimization identified 45 (persen) amplitude and 32 min as optimal conditions (desirability = 0.869), predicting yield of 0.969 (persen), RI of 1.503, and density of 0.960 g mL(pangkat -1). Verification confirmed predictions within (plus min) 5 (persen), with the optimized oil showing an optical rotation of (plus min) 50.945. These findings demonstrate that UAHD is a rapid, water-based, and scalable pretreatment technique that significantly enhances turmeric oil recovery and quality compared to conventional hydrodistillation. Keywords: Curcuma longa- Response Surface Methodology- Turmeric Oil- Ultrasound Assisted Extraction Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (dodyk pranowo)

21	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-86
ENERGY-SAVING TECHNOLOGY IN HONEY PROCESSING THROUGH STAINLESS BALL SENSIBLE HEAT STORAGE Anang Lastriyanto*, Sandra Malin Sutan, M Amin Muzaki, Berrel Adil Dinanto Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Indonesia *Email: anangl[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Forest honey is a high value local commodity with nutritional content and bioactive compounds that are beneficial for health. However, inefficient processing can reduce physicochemical quality and increase energy consumption. This study aims to develop energy saving technology in honey processing by utilizing sensible heat storage using SS 316 steelballs to improve the efficiency of the pasteurization and vacuum cooling processes. The material used was forest honey processed experimentally at the Lastrindo Engineering Laboratory with three variations of pasteurization temperatures (65 C, 75 C, 85 C) in treatments with and without steelballs. The method used included heating using a water bath to the target temperature followed by rapid cooling using vacuum cooling, with observations of changes in process temperature and water content. The results showed that the use of steelballs accelerated the achievement of pasteurization temperature, reduced process time, increased heat transfer efficiency, and accelerated the temperature reduction during cooling. A more significant reduction in water content occurred in the steelball treatment and all product quality met SNI 8664:2024. It was concluded that the application of SS 316 steel balls effectively saves energy and process time without compromising quality, thus potentially being applied in honey processing industries ranging from small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to large factories to improve production efficiency and product competitiveness. Keywords: Honey- SS-316 Steel Ball- Vacuum Cooling Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Anang Lastriyanto)

22	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-88
Enhancing Peanut Germination and Early Development with Phosphate-Impregnated Biochar Yusron Sugiarto*, Inggit Kresna Maharsih, Mochamad Bagus Hermanto, Irfan Hanif, Gunomo Djoyowasito Department of Biosustem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia *Email: yusronsugiarto[at]ub.ac.id Abstract This study investigates the effects of biochar treated with various phosphate fertilizers on the germination and early development of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds. Three types of phosphate fertilizers were used: SP-36, diammonium phosphate (DAP), and monoammonium phosphate (MAP). These fertilizers were applied at impregnation ratios of 0.5:1, 1:1, and 3:1 (fertilizer:biochar). Key parameters for evaluation included seed viability (germination rate and speed), vigor (growth rate, synchrony, and vigor index), and morphological traits such as plant height, root length, leaf count, and biomass (both root and plant). Results showed that phosphate-impregnated biochar significantly improved seed germination rate by up to 37.5%, increased germination speed by 6.57%, and enhanced growth synchrony by 30% compared to the untreated control. The highest germination rate (36.67%) was observed with SP-36 at a 1:1 ratio, while the fastest germination speed (6.70 seeds/day) was achieved with DAP at a 0.5:1 ratio. Additionally, phosphate-impregnated biochar enhanced root length (279%), plant weight (17%), and root weight (250%) relative to the control, although no significant changes were observed in plant height or leaf number. The optimal phosphate content for maximizing peanut germination was found to be 6.74%, with the most effective results obtained using SP-36 at a 0.5:1 ratio. These findings highlight the potential of phosphate-impregnated biochar as an eco-friendly and efficient strategy to enhance peanut seed germination and early development, thereby contributing to improved crop productivity. Keywords: Biochar- Germination- Seed vigor- Sustainable fertilization- Phosphate biochar Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yusron Sugiarto)

23	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-92
Improving PES Membrane Performance with Hydroxyapatite for Hemodialysis Qibtiyah Rachman1, Yanuardi Raharjo2, and Yusuf Wibisono1, Nimatul Izza1* 1Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia *Email: izza_nimatul[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Kidney failure is a disease with a high mortality rate, and hemodialysis is an important treatment to maintain metabolic function. Polyethersulfone (PES) is widely used in hemodialysis membranes because of its thermal and chemical stability, but its hydrophobic nature limits performance. This study aimed to improve PES membrane performance by incorporating hydroxyapatite (HAp), a hydrophilic and biocompatible calcium phosphate compound, into hollow fiber mixed matrix membranes. Membranes were fabricated using PES dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, with several variations of HAp content. The fabrication process involved particle size reduction, dispersion through sonication, and prolonged stirring to ensure mixing. Performance tests covered kinetic properties (water flux, urea clearance, creatinine clearance), mechanical properties (porosity, tensile strength), and morphology using scanning electron microscopy. The addition of HAp improved membrane hydrophilicity, permeability, and certain mechanical properties. The membrane with moderate HAp loading showed the best balance between high permeability, effective solute clearance, and good mechanical strength. Morphological observations indicated that even dispersion of HAp contributed to better pore structure, while excessive HAp content caused agglomeration and reduced uniformity. In conclusion, incorporating HAp into PES membranes can enhance their suitability for hemodialysis. Optimizing HAp particle size and distribution is recommended to maximize its beneficial effects. Keywords: Hemodyalisis- Hollow Fiber Membrane- Hydroxyapatite- Performance- Polyethersulfone Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nimatul Izza)

24	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-95
Hemocompatibility of Hollow Fiber Membranes for Hemodialysis Based on Polyethersulfone (PES) with Hydroxyapatite Noriko Maulani Yusuf1, Yanuardi Raharjo2, and Yusuf Wibisono1, Nimatul Izza1* 1 Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia 2 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia *Email: izza_nimatul[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Kidney failure remains a serious global health problem, with haemodialysis serving as a key treatment to support patient survival. One of the technologies used in haemodialysis is the hollow fiber (HF) membrane, which has a hemocompatible inner surface and a bioactive outer surface. Polyethersulfone (PES) is often used to fabricate HF membranes due to its chemical and thermal stability, but its hydrophobic nature can cause fouling and reduce blood compatibility. This study aimed to improve the hemocompatibility of PES HF membranes by incorporating hydroxyapatite (HAp), a hydrophilic and biocompatible material. Four types of HF membranes were prepared with different HAp concentrations. The membranes were evaluated for hydrophilicity using water contact angle measurements, for protein rejection using bovine serum albumin, and for blood compatibility through clotting time and haemolysis rate tests. The addition of HAp improved hydrophilicity and protein rejection capacity, with the best overall performance achieved at moderate to high HAp loading. Blood compatibility tests confirmed that all modified membranes met acceptable clinical requirements, showing no significant negative effect on coagulation time or haemolysis. These results demonstrate that incorporating HAp into PES HF membranes can enhance surface properties while maintaining good compatibility with blood, making this approach promising for the development of advanced haemodialysis membranes. Keywords: Haemodialysis- Hemocompatibility- Hollow Fiber- Hydroxyapatite- Polyethersulfone Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nimatul Izza)

25	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-96
Hollow Fiber PES-PVP Membranes with Crab Shell Hydroxyapatite for Hemodialysis Depa Putri Wiyanjani1, Yanuardi Raharjo2, and Yusuf Wibisono1, Nimatul Izza1* 1 Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia 2 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia *Email: izza_nimatul[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) progressively impairs renal function, reducing the body^s ability to eliminate waste and maintain fluid balance. Hemodialysis, the most common renal replacement therapy, relies on semipermeable membranes to remove uremic toxins. However, conventional membranes often exhibit limited clearance of middle-molecular-weight solutes and suboptimal mechanical and surface properties. This study developed hollow fiber membranes from polyethersulfone (PES) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), incorporating hydroxyapatite (HAp) synthesized from crab shell waste (Portunus pelagicus) to enhance performance. Membranes were fabricated by dry-wet phase inversion with varying HAp concentrations. Characterization included morphology (SEM-EDS), hydrophilicity (water contact angle, water uptake), mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation, Young^s modulus), and clearance of urea and creatinine. The addition of PVP improved pore uniformity and membrane flexibility, while moderate HAp loading enhanced tensile strength, hydrophilicity, and urea removal efficiency. Excessive HAp content, however, caused particle agglomeration and partial pore blockage, reducing overall performance. Improvements in creatinine clearance were minimal, and both urea and creatinine clearance values remained below clinical standards for effective hemodialysis. Overall, incorporating PVP and HAp enhanced structural integrity and surface characteristics of PES membranes, with the best performance achieved at moderate additive concentrations. Further optimization of HAp particle size, dispersion, and formulation balance is necessary to produce membranes with superior mechanical strength and clinically relevant clearance performance. Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease- Hemodialysis- Hollow Fiber Membrane- Hydroxyapatite- Polyethersulfone Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nimatul Izza)

26	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-101
Analysis Cooling Water Temperature Variation Vacuum Pump Water Jet System in Rapid Cooling Forest Honey Anang Lastriyanto 1*, Atiek Iriany 2, Yusron Sugiarto 1, Agung Sugeng Widodo 3, Adi Sutanto 4, Dhanny Septimawan Sutopo 5, Aniek Iriany 6, Umbu A Hamakonda 7, Annytha Ina Rohi Detha 8, Krisman Umbu Henggu 9, Jonathan Ebet 10, Doppy Roy Nendissa 11 1. Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Indonesia *Email: anangl[at]ub.ac.id 2. Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia 3. Department of Mecanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia 4. Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Science, Muhammadiyah University of Malang, Indonesia 5. Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Brawijaya University, Indonesia 6. Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Science, Muhammadiyah University of Malang, Indonesia 7. Agrotechnology Study Program, Flores Bajawa Agricultural College, Indonesia 8. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Indonesia 9. Fisheries Product Technology Study Program, Wira Wacana Christian University, Sumba, Indonesia 10. Agricultural Engineering Study Program, Artha Wacana Christian University, Indonesia 11. Agricultural Economics Study Program, University of Nusa Cendana, Indonesia Abstract Heat is the main limiting factor in honey processing due to its impact on functional properties such as antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and prebiotic activities. However, the use of heat in honey processing is unavoidable, thus requiring a novel post-heating method to minimize quality degradation. One potential solution is rapid cooling immediately after heating. The performance of a rapid cooling system using low-pressure techniques (vacuum cooling) with a water jet pump is influenced by the circulation water temperature of the pump. This study evaluated the effects of heating temperature and cooling water temperature on the physicochemical characteristics of forest honey during vacuum cooling after pasteurization. Honey was heated at 70C, 80C, and 90C using a double-jacket heater, followed by rapid cooling with a water jet vacuum system at cooling fluid temperatures of 3-5C, 13-15C, and 23-25C. The results showed that lower cooling water temperatures produced lower absolute pressures (8-9kPa) and faster cooling rates (-0.093C/s) compared with conventional cooling (0.012-0.015C/s). Physicochemical changes included decreased moisture content (2.37-5.97percent), reduced diastase activity (0.78-1.32 from 3.02), increased total soluble solids (68.17-73.00Brix), higher acidity (26.93-28.57 mLNaOH/kg), and color changes (&#916-E=1.56-3.00). The best treatment was achieved at 70C heating followed by cooling with 0-5C fluid. These findings demonstrate that water jet vacuum cooling effectively accelerates post-heating cooling and preserves honey quality, thus offering strong potential for industrial application. Keywords: Cooling Rate- Honey Branch- Heating- Rapid Cooling- Water Jet Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Anang Lastriyanto)

27	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-105
Comparative Study of Submersible Pump Performance in Rice Crop Irrigation in Padas District, Ngawi Intan Diyah Kusumawati, Dewi Maya Maharani*, Musthofa Lutfi, Gunomo Djoyowasito Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, JL. Veteran, Malang, ZIP 65145, Indonesia *Email: maya_maharani[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Submersible water pumps are critical to sustaining rice irrigation systems, particularly in Padas District, Ngawi. However, irregular usage patterns and performance levels below technical specifications remain persistent operational challenges. This study evaluates performance variations among submersible pumps deployed across several rice fields in the district, identifies the key influencing factors, and examines the relationship between pump location, operating duration, and water discharge rates. The ultimate goal is to establish evidence-based recommendations for optimizing pump operation in accordance with crop water requirements. The results reveal substantial performance disparities among the four submersible pumps assessed. The pump located in Padas Village recorded the highest volumetric efficiency at 73.02, whereas the unit in Kedungprahu Village registered the lowest efficiency at 32.26, indicating significant scope for operational enhancement. Variability in pump performance was influenced by geographic location, operating duration, static water level, climatic conditions, operational procedures, irrigation management, and site-specific environmental characteristics. These factors collectively contributed to fluctuations in discharge rates, increased energy consumption, elevated operational costs, and decreased overall efficiency. Regression analysis indicated that pump location and operating duration had a statistically significant effect on water discharge, with a coefficient of determination of 0.999. The predictive model further showed that discharge rates deviated by approximately 3.575 liters per minute from the mean value observed during the study period. Keywords: Irrigation performance- Submersible pump- Water requirements Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Intan Diyah Kusumawati)

28	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-108
Sustainable Peptone Substitution Using Tofu Dregs Flour for Lactobacillus plantarum Cultivation Sakunda Anggarini*, Anindya Novilla Putri, Nimas Mayang Sabrina Sunyoto Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya Jl. Veteran Malang 65145 *Email: s_anggarini[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Peptone is one of the most widely applied nitrogen sources in microbial fermentation, yet its high cost and unsustainable production limit its use in large-scale bioprocessing. Exploring alternative nitrogen sources derived from agroindustrial residues offers a promising pathway to reduce costs while supporting circular bioeconomy strategies. This study investigates tofu dregs flour, an abundant protein-rich by-product of soybean processing, as a sustainable substitute for conventional peptone in the cultivation of Lactobacillus plantarum, a lactic acid bacterium of broad industrial relevance. A series of liquid cultures containing graded concentrations of tofu dregs flour (5-30% w/v) were compared with commercial peptone and nitrogen-free controls. Cultures were incubated anaerobically at 37 degree celcius for 48 h with initial OD600 = 0.01, and samples were collected periodically. The optimal formulation (25% tofu dregs flour) significantly enhanced biomass accumulation, lactic acid production, and substrate utilization. These improvements were attributed to the high protein content and balanced nutrient composition of tofu dregs, in combination with enzymatic hydrolysis that improved nitrogen bioavailability. Compared with the peptone control, the optimized formulation not only increased growth performance but also demonstrated efficient substrate-to-product conversion, indicating its potential scalability. The findings highlight the feasibility of valorizing tofu dregs as a low-cost, sustainable peptone subtitute. This approach contributes to the development of sustainable fermentation processes and offers a practical solution for producing functional foods and microbial bioproducts in alignment with environmentally responsible agriculture and industrial biotechnology. Keywords: Circular bioeconomy- Lactobacillus plantarum- peptone subtitute- sustainable fermentation- tofu dregs flour Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sakunda Anggarini)

29	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-112
Optimization of Vermicomposting Performance with Bagasse and EM-4: Implications for Organic Fertilizer Quality Sakunda Anggarini*, Andreas Nelson Edoardo Simarmata, Irnia Nurika Department of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya Jl. Veteran Malang, 65145 *Email : s_anggarini[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Improving the nutrient profile of vermicompost is essential for sustainable agriculture and reducing reliance on synthetic fertilizers. This study introduces an integrated approach using sugarcane bagasse and EM-4 bioactivator to enhance vermicomposting efficiency and meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 7763:2018 for organic fertilizers. A factorial design with varying EM-4 concentrations (2-6%) and bagasse levels (12.5-50%) was applied to evaluate nutrient enrichment and compost maturity. The optimal formulation 6% EM-4 with 25% bagasse, substantially increased total Nitrogen, Phosporus and Potassium contents while reducing the C/N ratio. These results were surpassing SNI thresholds, outperforming control treatments and demonstrating clear improvements in organic fertilizer quality. This approach highlights a cost-effective and scalable method for waste valorization, converting agroindustrial residues into nutrient-rich vermicompost. The findings emphasize the role of sugarcane bagasse and EM-4 in producing high-quality organic fertilizers that support sustainable agriculture and advance environmentally responsible waste management within the circular economy principles. Keywords: EM-4- Organic fertilizer quality- Sugarcane bagasse- Sustainable agriculture- Vermicompost- Waste valorization Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Sakunda Anggarini)

30	Agricultural and bioprocess engineering	ABS-130
Reflectance and UV Induced Fluorescence Imaging for Red Betel Chlorophyll and Anthocyanin Prediction Retno Damayanti*, Yusuf Hendrawan, Sandra, Bambang Dwi Argo, Rut Juniar Nainggolan, Mitha Sa^diyah Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia Email: *damayanti[at]ub.ac.id Abstract Non-destructive measurement of phytochemical content is essential for quality control in herbal industries. Piper crocatum Ruiz (red betel) contains high levels of chlorophyll, flavonoids, phenols, and anthocyanins, yet conventional analytical methods are destructive, time-consuming, and labor intensive. This study presents an integrated system combining reflectance imaging, UV-induced fluorescence imaging, and computer vision with multi-output artificial neural networks (ANNs) to simultaneously predict chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents in red betel leaves. Images were acquired under controlled illumination for both modalities, and 100 color texture features from multiple color spaces (RGB, HSV, Lab, grayscale) were extracted, ranked, and selected using multiple feature evaluators. Selected features were used to train and optimize ANN models, with performance assessed by mean squared error (MSE) and correlation coefficient (R). Results showed distinct phytochemical patterns across leaf maturity stages, chlorophyll increased from top to bottom leaves, while anthocyanins decreased. Both reflectance and fluorescence models achieved high prediction accuracy (R validation = 0.95), with fluorescence slightly outperforming reflectance (MSE validation = 0.12783 vs. 0.17227) but requiring more training iterations (29 vs. 5). The multi-output ANN approach improved accuracy, efficiency, and prediction consistency for predicted chlorophyll and anthocyanin content in Red Betel Leaves. Keywords: Anthocyanin- Chlorophyll- Fluorescence- Red betel- Reflectance Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Retno Damayanti)

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