BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION OF OFF GRID PUBLIC ELECTRIC VEHICLES BATTERY SWAP STATION WITH SOLAR POWERED Tubagus Alviannanda, Vita Lystianingrum Budiharto Putri
PLN, ITS
Abstract
Energy transition is Indonesia^s national agenda in order to maintain energy security and realize the use of green energy. The use of electric vehicles (EVs) is one strategy to maintain primary energy security and support the reduction of carbon emissions. In an effort to support the growth of the EVs ecosystem, Public Electric Vehicle Battery Swap Stations (Stasiun Penukaran Baterai Kendaraan Listrik Umum, SPBKLU) have been developed and installed in several locations. Currently, SPBKLU still uses electricity sources from the PLN (Perusahaan Listrik Negara, Indonesia electricity state-owned company) grid, where the majority of the PLN grid itself still relies on gas and coal power plants. Hence, this work proposed a PV-powered battery swap station and present the financial and SWOT analysis. Two business model schemes are proposed, namely the BPCOSO (Battery Provider, Cabinet Owner, Solar PV Owner) and BPCOSL (Battery Provider, Cabinet Owner, Solar PV Lease) schemes.
From these two business schemes, the results of the financial feasibility analysis for the SPBKLU swap rate were obtained at IDR 18,241 for the BPCOSO scheme and IDR 21,500 for the BPCOSL scheme. From a SWOT analysis perspective, the BPCOSO and BPCOSL business schemes have the opportunity to increase the Solar PV business value chain and support government programs in achieving Net Zero Emissions. However, there are still weaknesses in terms of tariffs which are still not economical when compared to the fuel costs of conventional two-wheeled vehicles and the current SPBKLU swap tariff which still uses electricity from the PLN grid.
