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61	Material Physics	ABS-115
Understanding the Correlation between Lithium-Ion Diffusion and Coordination Environment in Solid Polymer Electrolytes: A Molecular Dynamics Perspective Citra Deliana Dewi Sundari (a,b), I Made Arcana (a) and Ferry Iskandar (c,d,e*) a) Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. b) Department of Chemistry Education, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Bandung 40292, Indonesia. c) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. d) Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. e) National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT), Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. *ferry[at]itb.ac.id Abstract Lithium-ion diffusion in solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) stands as a pivotal characteristic that significantly determines overall lithium-ion battery performance. This characteristic could be affected by the coordination environment of lithium-ions within the polymer matrix. However, the correlation between lithium-ion diffusion and its coordination environment inside a biopolymer-based SPEs, such as carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), remains understudied. Herein, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to investigate the correlation. Lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) were used lithium salt in the simulated systems. All simulations were performed with GROMACS package, using the general AMBER force field (GAFF). The coordination structures around Li+ were successfully estimated using the distribution function obtained from MD simulations. The results indicate a preference for Li+ coordination with oxygen atoms, both from the CMCS polymer chains (OCMCS) and TFSI- ions (OTFSI-). The coordination number between Li+ and OCMCS decreases when the concentration of LiTFSI increases. The diffusion coefficients of Li+ varied depending on the concentration of LiTFSI and demonstrated sensitivity to the coordination structure of Li+. A high diffusion coefficient of Li+ ions was observed at low LiTFSI concentrations, where Li+ mainly coordinated with oxygen atoms from CMCS polymer chains. Keywords: Molecular dynamics, lithium-ion diffusion, lithium-ion coordination, solid polymer electrolyte, lithium battery Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ferry Iskandar)

62	Material Physics	ABS-121
Formation of Fe4+ based on the Fe-O bond lengths in perovskite Eu1-xSrxFeO3 Raihan Mohammad Rahman (a*), Mochammad Yan Pandu Akbar (a), Mohammad Dani Al Qori (b), Agustinus Agung Nugroho (c) (a) Physics Graduate Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia (b) Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Indonesia (c) Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia Abstract The physical properties of high oxidation state of trantition metal oxide compound have attracted many research interest for its potential applications. A systematic investigation of Fe4+ in Eu1-xSrxFeO3 with x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 has been carried out in polycrystaline form obtained using sol-gel method. The single phase of Eu1-xSrxFeO3 is observed up to x = 0.3. The X-Ray powder pattern for low Sr content of x = 0.1, is best refined by using EuFeO3 crystal structure with Sr occupied the Eu-site. On the other hand, for higher Sr contents, two phases of EuFeO3 and Eu1/3Sr2/3FeO3 are required to obtained the best refinement. The result of the refinements showed that the volume and the average bond legths of Fe-O decreases as increasing the Sr content. These results are consistent to support the existance of Fe4+ upon Sr doping in Eu1-xSrxFeO3. For the Sr content of x = 0.1, an anomalous change of the volume is observed. The present of this anomaly is confirmed using different synthesis route which indicates that the anomaly is intrinsic. Keywords: Bond-length, ferrite, perovskite structure , rare earth Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Raihan Mohammad Rahman)

63	Modelling and Computational Physics	ABS-11
DFT Simulation of Iron Cation on Montmorillonite as CO2 Capturer Husni Ihsudha (a*), Triati Dewi Kencana Wungu (b,c), Suprijadi (b,c), Yoshitada Morikawa (d) a) Graduate School, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *ihsudha747[at]gmail.com b) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia c) Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia d) Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that naturally keep the Earth^s surface temperature warm but currently the levels cause environmental problem such as climate change. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is built to reduce CO2 gas emissions by binding carbon dioxide molecules and then storing them or utilising them as more useful products. In this study, simulations were carried out for the addition of iron (Fe) impurities as additional cation in montmorillonite to see the increase in the ability to bind carbon gas. Density Functional Theory calculations were carried out using additional corrections such as Van der Waals (vdW) and Hubbard-U. Here we got that Fe cation can help CO2 adsorbtion compare with other site without Fe atom by adding acid cite condition. But to adsorb CO2, the structure need initial process to swell the montmorillonite interlayer to certain optimum distance. Keywords: Carbon Capture, Density Functional Theory, Montmorillonite Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Husni Ihsudha)

64	Modelling and Computational Physics	ABS-17
The Utilization of MS Excel Spreadsheet in Solving the Two-Dimensional Conduction Heat Transfer Equation on a Square Plate: Explicit vs Crank-Nicolson Method Rosliana Eso (a), Mardiana Napirah (a*), Ida Usman (b), La Ode Safiuddin (a), Arman (c), Tahir (c), La Aba (b), Sayahdin Alfat (a), Husein (a), La Sahara (a) a) Department of Physics Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. H.E.A. Mokodompit No. 1, Kendari, 93232, Indonesia *mardiana.napirah[at]uho.ac.id b) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. H.E.A. Mokodompit No. 1, Kendari, 93232, Indonesia c) Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Jl. H.E.A. Mokodompit No. 1, Kendari, 93232, Indonesia Abstract A research on comparing two numerical method in solving two-dimensional conduction heat transfer equation on a square plate had been done. The numerical method being compared were Explicit method and Crank-Nicholson method and the computation were conducted by utilizing Spreadsheet in Microsoft Excel. In order to obtain information about which method give higher accuracy, the results were compared to the exact calculation by analytic method. The data used in this research were thermal conductivity of the medium of the square plate, the width of dx and dy grid, and also initial and boundary conditions. The results obtained showed that Crank-Nicolson method has higher accuracy than Explicit method. This research also demontrated that with proper utilization, MS Excel can be compared with other numerical software in solving two dimensional conduction heat transfer equation on a square plate. Keywords: two-dimensional conduction heat transfer- numerical method- explicit method- Crank-Nicolson method- MS Excel utilization Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rosliana Eso)

65	Modelling and Computational Physics	ABS-31
Spin state evolution during oxygen reduction reaction on the surface of graphene with atomically dispersed vanadium Jessie Manopo (a), Yudi Darma (a*) a) Quantum Semiconductor and Devices Lab., Department of Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *yudi[at]itb.ac.id Abstract We study the spin state evolution during the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the surface of graphene with atomically dispersed vanadium using density functional theory (DFT). The clean surface has one spin up electron in the \(d_{x^2-y^2}\) orbital, which then interacts with oxygen-containing intermediates (*OH and *OOH) through \(\sigma\) bonding during ORR. In these cases, during these interactions, the system only experiences a small change in the magnetic moment. In addition, during the interaction of the catalyst with the *O intermediate, the system loses its magnetic moment, indicating the presence of larger electron transfer to the *O intermediate compared to *OH and *OOH intermediates. This study can provide valuable insights into ORR mechanism. Keywords: electrocatalysis Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Jessie Manopo)

66	Modelling and Computational Physics	ABS-42
Integration of Genetic Algorithm with Artificial Neural Network for Stock Price Forecasting Anggia Suci Lestari Department of Physics, Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia anggiasucill[at]gmail.com Abstract Econophysics is a discipline that applies ideas, methods, and models in statistical physics and complexity to analyze data from economic phenomena. One of the objects to be addressed is the stock market. Approaches that can be used to model the economic sector are data analysis and physical models with computational physics. In this research, a predictive model for the closing price is created using the integration method between Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN), in this case Backpropagation (BP). The integration is then called GA-BP. GA is used to optimize the architecture and network weight values on BP structure so that prediction results will be more accurate. This research also analyzes the parameters and performance resulting from the model created. The data used in this research are the daily stock prices of AAPL (Apple Inc.), SPLK (Splunk Inc.), and BA (Boeing Co.) from December 31st, 2019 to December 31st, 2022. From this research, the integration model succeeded in producing a prediction model with better performance evaluation than using the BP model alone based on its MAE, MAPE, and R2. The integration model can also provide good accuracy in predicting stock movement patterns for the next few days. Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, Backpropagation, Genetic Algorithm, Stock Prediction Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Anggia Suci Lestari)

67	Modelling and Computational Physics	ABS-51
Stock Market Prediction Using Lorentzian Distance Classifier ( LDC ) Machine Learning Linus Pasasa Physics of Earth and Complex Systems, Institute of Technology Bandung Abstract Econophysics is a discipline that applies various models and concepts derived from physics to economic and financial phenomena. One of the things studied in econophysics is stock price prediction. Stock prices change continuously according to market conditions. Investors can benefit through the difference between the selling price and the buying price that occurs. This makes stock price analysis and prediction important for making profits and avoiding losses when investing in stocks. One method that can be used to predict stock prices is the Lorentzian Distance Classifier (LDC). The LDC method is a Machine Learning classification algorithm capable of categorizing historical data from a multidimensional feature space. This study aims to examine the performance of the Lorentzian Distance Classifier (LDC) in predicting stock closing prices of TLKM. The results of this study conclude that the use of LDC increases the accuracy value which is better than conventional methods based on MAE, MAPE and R2 values. Keywords: Machine learning, Lorentizian distance classifier, Prediction, Stock Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Linus Pasasa)

68	Modelling and Computational Physics	ABS-57
Simulation of Stem Cell Differentiation in Nanopattern Based on Focal Adhesion Achmad Zacky Fairuza(a*), Sparisoma Viridi(a,b), Suprijadi(a,b) a) Master program of Nanotechnology, Graduate School, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *email: fairuza.zacky1[at]gmail.com b) Physics department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract One of the aims of stem cell research is to control the direction of differentiation. It has been reported that variating nano-topography or nanopattern at the site of cell attachment can control the fate of stem cell differentiation. The mechanism behind this phenomenon is predicted to occur due to focal adhesion which is a condition when integrin proteins on the cell surface bind to ligands on the substrate or to other cell integrin. To help understanding the effect of nanopattern on stem cells through focal adhesion, in this study, the authors created a 2D system to simulate cell differentiation in nanopatterns. One of the characteristics that can be seen in the differentiation process is the shape and area of the cell spreading which affects the cytoskeleton formation which is related to stem cell differentiation fate. Thus, the purpose of this simulation program is to observe the effect of nanopatterns on stem cell shape over time. The program exploits the dynamics of free-moving integrin receptors and static ligands that act as nanopatterns. These integrins will move to nearest ligands or to other unbound cell integrins using the principles of molecular dynamics and agent-based models. If the integrin and the target object are close enough, an integrin-ligand or integrin-integrin complex is formed. As a result of this dynamic, the shape of the cell will be deformed so that the cell spreading is seen in a certain time interval. The program used 160 integrins for each cell. While the distance between the ligands compared to their size \(\left(\frac{d}{r_{lig}}\right) \) varied in the range of 6 to 16 as reported in previous studies. The results of the simulation system are compared with the experimental results to see qualitative similarities. In this research, tests were carried out to determine the effect of parameters in stem cell simulations on nanopatterns. Furthermore, by using parameters that have been obtained from previously reported research, variations of the distance of the nanopattern and the shape of the nanopattern are carried out to observe the spreading area of cell and its effect on interactions between cells. The results obtained show good agreement with the experimental result. The density of integrins in cells is also used as a model to describe the strength of the cytoskeleton formed. Keywords: cell differentiation, focal adhesion, modeling, molecular dynamic, stem cell, simulation. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Achmad Zacky Fairuza)

69	Modelling and Computational Physics	ABS-72
Analysis of The Effect of Coordination Number on Permeability of The Three Dimensional (3D) Rock Model Using The Lattice Boltzmann (LBM) Method Budi Dharmala Saputra (a) Umar Fauzi (a*) Physics of Earth and Complex Systems, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *umarf[at]itb.ac.id Abstract Understanding the correlation between coordination number and permeability is crucial for predicting fluid flow behavior in hydrocarbon reservoirs. In this study, we investigated the influence of coordination number on permeability in three-dimensional (3D) rock models. The research methodology involved the creation of synthetic 3D rock models, incorporating pores networks with varying coordination numbers. Utilizing the Lattice Boltzmann Methods (LBM), a computational fluid dynamics approach, we simulated fluid flow through these synthetic rock models and quantified their permeability. Our findings demonstrated a strong dependency of permeability on the coordination number of synthetic rock models. The application of the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) proved to be an effective tool for understanding fluid flow behavior in porous rock formations and can serve as a basis for further optimization of reservoir management strategies to maximize hydrocarbon exploitation. Keywords: Coordination number, permeability, Lattice Boltzmann Methods (LBM) Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Budi Dharmala Saputra)

70	Modelling and Computational Physics	ABS-77
COMPUTATION AND MODELLING OF SEISMIC REFRACTION TOMOGRAPHY FOR ANISOTROPIC MEDIUM BASED ON PSEUDO BENDING METHOD La Hamimu, Syamsul Razak Haraty, Al Rubiyn, La Ode Ihksan Juarzan, Indrawati Department of Geophysical Engineering, Halu Oleo University, Kendari 93232, Indonesia. Abstract Seismic refraction tomography is one of the imaging techniques in geophysical methods used to remodel the near-surface velocity layer structure of the Earth. In this study, we carried out a new computational approach and modeling of seismic refraction tomography using the pseudo-bending method. The true model of the near-surface is designed to be anisotropic medium which is having a low velocity anomaly distribution. This anomaly is constructed in such a way as to be similar to a model of liquid waste away spreading, which exhibits seismic velocities ranging from 1500 m/s to 1800 m/s. Based on our computations and numerical modeling results, it was found that the ray tracing path using pseudo-bending method displays an asymmetrical trajectory when the positions of the source and geophone are exchanged. Altering the shooting configuration from direct shoot (DS) to reversed shoot (RS) also reveals a significant difference in travel time values. The results of delay time tomography inversion, which represents the difference between travel times in the true model and the initial model using the SIRT method, indicate the presence of a low velocity anomaly that can be interpreted as the distribution of liquid waste. Keywords: seismic refraction tomography modelling, anisotropic medium, computation travel time, ray tracing using pseudo-bending method, SIRT inversion, near-surface low velocity anomaly. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (La Hamimu)

71	Modelling and Computational Physics	ABS-80
Prediction Analysis of Infobank15 Index using Nadaraya-Watson Envelope Non-Repainting with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) Abdu Rafie, Wahyu Srigutomo, Linus Ampang Pasasa Institut Teknologi Bandung Abstract Since 1990, the term Econophysics has been gaining popularity. Developed by physicists to address economic issues, econophysics often employed to predict stocks using machine learning approaches, one of which includes Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM). Statistical physics plays a role in calculating kernel regression applied in Nadaraya-Watson Envelope Non-Repainting, which is useful for establishing upper and lower bounds, serving as buy or sell indicators. This research aims to create a predictive model for an index and compare the profits achieved with LSTM, Bi-LSTM models, and investors. Starting with data collection and cleansing, moving on to data preprocessing, and then creating and training models where the accuracy is assessed using RMSE, MAE, and correlation coefficients. In this study, the Bi-LSTM method is considered a better predictive model with an RMSE of 12.28, MAE of 9.24, and a correlation coefficient of 0.95, compared to LSTM which has an RMSE of 12.9, MAE of 9.66, and a correlation coefficient of 0.94. The model was also simulated for profit taking, with the profit generated by the LSTM model being 3.58% and the Bi-LSTM model being 5.75%. Keywords: LSTM, Nadaraya-Watson Envelope Non-Repainting, Prediction, Stock Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Abdu Rafie)

72	Modelling and Computational Physics	ABS-100
IMPACT OF DEFECT ON ELECTRONIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTING TROILITE IRON SULFIDE (FeS) Ari Sulistyowati, Fahdzi Muttaqien a) Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology arisulistyowati97[at]gmail.com b) Majoring in Computational Science, Bandung Institute of Technology Abstract Iron Sulfide (FeS) has attracted significant attention due to its unique properties, which include both semiconductor and metallic characteristics. However, FeS does not naturally maintain the same ratio between iron and sulfur atoms (1:1), resulting in the creation of point defects known as FeS troilite and FeS pyrite, where deviations occur in the iron or sulfur atoms. The distinctive qualities of FeS have attracted the interest of researchers on a global scale. In this study, a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and van der Waals functional was used to investigate how defects impact the electronic and optical properties of FeS troilite structures. Our findings illustrate that introducing a single defect in the iron atoms, which comprise 2.08% of the structure, triggers a significant shift in the energy gap, reducing it from 0.78 eV (pristine structure) to 0 eV. This important change indicates a fundamental change from semiconductor to metal. In addition, computational analysis shows that defects also contribute to the narrowing of the band gap in iron-deficient FeS troilite. These insights enhance our understanding of the interplay between defects and properties in FeS, paving the way for customized applications in various technological domains. Keywords: Iron Sulfide, troilite FeS, point defects, density functional theory, electronic properties, optical properties, ban gap Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ari Sulistyowati)

73	Modelling and Computational Physics	ABS-101
A Simulation of Hydrazine Molecule^s Potential Energy Surface using Variational Quantum Eigensolver Algorithm Godwin Gomosma (a*), Mohammad Kemal Agusta (a), Hermawan Kresno Dipojono(a) (a) Engineering Physics, Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *23321303[at]mahasiswa.itb.ac.id Abstract Quantum computing is a technology that utilizes the principles of quantum mechanics to perform complex computational processes. In this work, we use Qiskit Module from IBM to do quantum computational calculation using Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) algorithm. VQE is a hybrid quantum-classical method that combines a quantum computer to measure energies and a classical computer to process the measurement results and update the parameters of the quantum computer. The purpose of VQE is to find the ground state energy of a chemical system. In the previous study, many of the VQE calculations have been done on simple molecule like Hydrogen, Water, and Lithium Hydride. So, in this study, we would like use Hydrazine molecule as our object of VQE calculation. Furthermore, these results will be compared with the results from the classical calculation (MP2, CCSD, QCISD, and CASSCF) methods using Gaussian 09 software for testing the effectiveness and efficiency of VQE using Unitary Coupled-Cluster Single and Double excitations (UCCSD) Ansatz. The quantum algorithm based on the UCCSD Ansatz led to a simplification of the algorithm by reducing the circuit depth. Then, the possibility to use active spaces, can be used to reduce the quantum gates while trying to keep a good level of accuracy. In this study, we chose (2,2) and (4,4) active spaces. Based on the results, it is possible to design a quantum algorithm based on the UCCSD Ansatz for the solution of electronic structure problems on currently available quantum computers. Keywords: VQE- Quantum Computation- Qiskit- Unitary Coupled Cluster Ansatz- Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Godwin Gomosma)

74	Modelling and Computational Physics	ABS-102
Utilizing Convolutional Autoencoder for Anomaly Detections in LIGO Spectrogram Data Adrian Ramadhana Imran (a*) a) Department of Physics, Parahyangan Catholic University Jalan Ciumbuleuit 94, Bandung 40141, Indonesia *6172001004[at]student.unpar.ac.id Abstract Massive amounts of data generated from the continuous running of LIGO gravitational-wave detectors comes with a need to search for signals within the data. Gravitational-wave data captured by the detector consist of astronomical events or glitches that last seconds. We present an unsupervised learning using convolutional autoencoder trained on the no-glitch Gravity Spy dataset to do anomaly search on spectrogram data. Reconstruction error is used as the basis and multiple windows are used to improve the model. Results on test data show that the model is capable of detecting signals with significant anomalies such as the Chirp or Koi Fish glitch. Meanwhile, detecting subtle anomalies such as the 1400 Hz Ripples is difficult because its reconstruction error is near the range of noise signals. Validating the result on confirmed gravitational-wave signals shows that the model is capable of gravitational-wave detection. Keywords: Anomaly detection, gravitational wave, autoencoder Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Adrian Ramadhana Imran)

75	Modelling and Computational Physics	ABS-105
Dynamics of sedimenting disks in a cross-flow Muhammad Rizqie Arbie, Firaas An^umillah, Harry Mahardika, Umar Fauzi Institut Teknologi Bandung Abstract Physical properties of rocks depend strongly on its grain packing which is determined by the natural process involving fluid-structure interaction during deposition. Here, we address the dynamics of sedimenting solids with different sizes in a cross-flow numerically. This is an important aspect in rock formation process. Computational fluid-structure interaction usually involves the use of body-conformed grid. For the case of solid moving in a viscous fluid, the body-conformed grid has to be reconstructed in every time iteration which can be time consuming. The so-called Immersed Boundary method can be used to eliminate this grid reconstruction process. In this study, we use the couple of Immersed Boundary and Lattice Boltzmann Method (usually termed as IBLBM). In lattice Boltzmann, one does not require solving Poisson equation for pressure and a computation of intermediate field as in the usual fractional step procedure since velocity and pressure field can be obtained from the locally solved distribution function. These advantages makes IBLBM can be easily employed. In this study, we perform simulations on the dynamics of a cluster of disks with two different values of diameter in a cross-flow. We compute the velocity distribution of the disks to study the sedimentation dynamics and we compare the results with a sedimentation process in a quiescent fluid. Keywords: Sedimentation, cross-flow, IBLBM Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Muhammad Rizqie Arbie)

76	Modelling and Computational Physics	ABS-120
The Dilute 3D and Three Site Dimer Heisenberg Antiferromagnet: Review of some Magnetic Properties Omamoke O. E. Enaroseha, Obed Oyibo and Innocent U. Ogume 1Department of Physics, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria. 2Department of Physics, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Nigeria. Abstract Many properties of the spin -half kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet remains controversial and receiving continuous attention from theorists and experimentalists due to their fascinating magnetic properties and high heterogeneity coax by the geometrical frustration. In this research we seek and compare the results obtained in our recent article with that of Napel where we elucidate some of the identified magnetic behaviour using the spin Heisenbeg model with the application of Exact Diagonalization and classical Monte-Carlo simulation on three site dimer and 3D simple cubic lattice simulation. The results obtained shows excellent agreement in both papers reviewed with our resluts establishing firmly the FM to AFM transition, having a clear transition point referred to mixed phased. Keywords: Ferromagnetism, Antiferromagnetism, Heisenberg Model, Transition Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Omamoke Enaroseha)

77	Modelling and Computational Physics	ABS-122
Large Transverse Thermoelectric Effect on Ferromagnetic Semimetal HgCr2Se4 Rifky Syariati and Fumiyuki Ishii Nanomaterials Research Institute (NanoMaRi), Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan Abstract Some researchers studied the effect of the band gap on thermoelectric properties and concluded that the best materials must have a band gap greater than 6-10 kBT [1]. Today, heavily doped semiconductors are the main focus of the thermoelectric society, and opening a band gap is a proven way of increasing the Seebeck coefficients [2]. However, the presence of a band gap is not only the essential variable for obtaining large thermoelectric effect[3]. Semimetals, which have properties in between semiconductors and metals, would be the best potential candidate for having a large thermoelectric power factor without heavy doping [4]. The electrical conductivity of semimetals is comparable to those of heavily-doped semiconductors, and the thermal conductivity values in semimetals could also be small, especially if they consist of heavy elements [5]. One candidate material with ferromagnet and semimetallic properties is HgCr2Se4 [6]. The crystal of HgCr2Se4 also can be synthesized using the chemical vapor/transport method [7]. This study explores the transverse TE properties of HgCr2Se4, a ferromagnetic semimetal. The transverse thermoelectric properties of HgCr2Se4 were analyzed using density functional calculations and the semiclassical Boltzmann transport equation. At the Fermi level, the anomalous Nernst coefficient was significant. When assuming a relaxation time of 10 fs, the calculated anomalous Nernst coefficient of HgCr2Se4 was -74.38 muV/K at 100 K. The significant anomalous Nernst coefficient in HgCr2Se4 was attributed to the anomalous Nernst conductivity, which originates from the sharp slope near the Fermi level of the chemical potential dependence of the anomalous Hall conductivity and the Seebeck-induced effect. These results suggest that HgCr2Se4, as a ferromagnetic semimetal, has promising potential for application in thermoelectric devices. References [1] J. O. Sofo and J. D. Mahan. Phys. Rev. B 49, 4565 (1994). [2] A. M. Dehkordi, M. Zebarjadi, J. He, T. M. Tritt. Mat. Sci. Eng. R 97, 1 (2015). [3] M. Markov, X. Hu, H. C. Liu, N. Liu, S. J. Poon, K. Esfarjani, M. Zebarjadi. Sci. rep. 8, 9876 (2018). [4] M. Markov, S. E, Rezaei, S.N. Sadeghi, K. Esfarjani, M. Zebarjadi . Phys. Mat. Rev. 3, 095401 (2019). [5] M. Z. Hasan and C. L. Kane, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 3045 (2010). [6] C. Lin, C. Yi, Y. Shi, L. Zhang, G. Zhang, J. Muller, and Y. Li, Phys. Rev. B 94, 224404 (2016). [7] J H. W. Lehmann and F. P. Emmenegger. Solid State Commun. 7, 965 (1969). Keywords: thermoelectric, semimetal, anomalous Hall effect, anomalous Nernst effect Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Rifky Syariati)

78	Nanomaterial and Nanotechnology	ABS-24
Fast forward generation of the quantum Hall state in the Dirac system Iwan Setiawan, Ryan Sugihakim, Bobby Eka Gunara Universitas Bengkulu, Bandung Institute of Technology Abstract We study a scheme of accelerated adiabatic quantum dynamics of Dirac particles. This scheme was originally proposed by Masuda-Nakamura. The strategy of combining two opposite ideas: infinitely-large time-magnification factor and infinitely-small growth rate of adiabatic parameter was elucidated. The accelerated adiabatic state is obtained by calculating the regularization term and driving potential. We introduce the proposed method to the system with Dirac particle by using a 2 + 1 dimension time-dependent Dirac equation and obtained the regularization term, driving scalar potential VF F and driving vector potential AF F . By tuning the driving electric field, this method to be able to accelerate adiabatic dynamics of electron as a Dirac particle in the ground state trapped in the plane xy and electric field in the x direction and a constant magnetic field in y direction. This acceleration will preserve the ground state of the wave function from initial to the final time Keywords: Accelerated, Adiabatic, Dirac Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Iwan Setiawan)

79	Nanomaterial and Nanotechnology	ABS-85
ONE POT FACILE SYNTHESIS AND THE PERFORMANCE OF N-DOPED ZnO AND (Mg,B,N)-DOPED ZnO FOR PHOTOCATALYST AND ANTIBACTERIAL APPLICATIONS : EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION Silmi Rahma Amelia(a,c), Yusuf Rohmatullah(c), Sanusi(d), Popy Listiani(d), Yo Ichikawa(d), Honda Mitsuhiro(d), Tety Sudiarty(c), Atthar Luqman Ivansyah(a*,b)) a) Master Program in Computational Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia *atthar[at]csx.itb.ac.id b) Instrumentation and Computational Physics Research Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha No.10, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia c) Deparment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati, Bandung, 40614, Indonesia d) Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan Abstract Nowadays, environmental problems are increasingly varied, such as water pollution due to synthetic dye like methyl violet, and the development of various diseases caused by bacteria. Due to its ability to create defect in band gap energy and strong antibacterial activity against a variety of microorganisms, ZnO material is used to solve both issues. However, this ZnO has a large band gap energy, so it is necessary to improve its optical properties through doping. In this study, the synthesis of ZnO and ZnO doped materials (N-doped ZnO and Mg/B/N-doped ZnO) through the solid-state method was carried out. The phases of N-doped ZnO and Mg/B/N-doped ZnO are hexagonal wurtzite with crystal diameters of 30.32 nm and 27.78 nm, respectively, according to the results of the characterisation using XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Surface morphology for N-doped ZnO does not form agglomeration, while in Mg/B/N-doped ZnO, agglomeration occurs due to the difference in charge of B with Zn. The formation of peaks in UV emission (358 nm) and visible emission (520 nm and 650 nm) during PL examination indicates a reduction in the rate of electron-hole recombination and indications of defects in the ZnO lattice. The band gap energy owing to doping decreased from 3.13 eV to 3.10 eV for N: ZnO and 3.12 eV for Mg/B/N-doped ZnO at the same time, according to the UV-Vis DRS study. Photocatalyst test results showed that N-doped ZnO and Mg/B/N-doped ZnO materials were optimum for degradation of methyl violet dye for 120 minutes under visible light with degradation efficiency of 89.28% and 93.24%, respectively. For the antibacterial activity test, N-doped ZnO and Mg/B/N-doped ZnO produce inhibition zone of 7.18 mm and 14.15 mm for Escherichia coli bacteria and 7.50 mm and 11.80 mm for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Additionally, molecular docking studies were used to explain a potential mechanism for in vitro bacterial activity Keywords: Antibacterial- Doped-ZnO- Molecular docking- photocatalyst Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Silmi Rahma Amelia)

80	Nanomaterial and Nanotechnology	ABS-118
Optical and Electrical Properties of ZnO:Cu Films Grown by DC Co Sputtering at Room Temperature Yolanda Rati1, Yasni Novi Hendri1, Robi Kurniawan2, Yudi Darma1* 1Quantum Semiconductor and Devices Lab., Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia, Indonesia 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No.5, East Java 65145, Indonesia E-mail: yudi[at]itb.ac.id Abstract We study the effect of increasing copper (Cu) dopant on the optical and electrical properties of ZnO films. Cu-doped ZnO (ZnO:Cu 3.8 and 7.0 wt%) films were grown using the DC co-sputtering technique at room temperature conditions on Si (100) substrate. The diffraction pattern shows a single-phase crystal (002) of ZnO wurtzite structure and the crystallite sizes of ZnO:Cu 7.0% (24.5 nm) smaller than ZnO:Cu 3.8% (26.1 nm). In UV-Vis analysis, two peaks of absorption were obtained i.e. ZnO and Cu2O, located at 378 nm and 494 for ZnO:Cu 2.8%, 385 nm and 550 nm for ZnO:Cu 7.0%. The photocurrent begins to increase at 2 V and continues to rise exponentially thereafter based on the I-V measurement. Cu dopant with a higher content of 7.0% reveals sensitivity two times better than Cu of 3.8%. These results reveal that ZnO:Cu is suitable for novel functional devices. Keywords: copper, optical, photocurrent, sputtering, ZnO Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yolanda Rati)

81	Nuclear Science and Engineering	ABS-3
Analysis of Freeze Plug Melting and Fuel Salt Relocation in Molten Salt Fast Reactor using the Semi-Implicit Moving Particle (MPS) Method: A Validated Approach for Passive Safety Mechanism Study Yulia Mifftah Huljanah (a), Asril Pramutadi Andi Mustari (b*), Abdul Waris (b), Anni Nuril Hidayati (a) a) Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia *pramutadi[at]fi.itb.ac.id b) Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Research Division, Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia Abstract The Molten Salt Fast Reactor (MSFR), a prominent Generation IV reactor design, offers improved safety by eliminating graphite as a moderator and incorporating a passive safety system. This system employs a draining mechanism to transfer fuel salt to a safety tank via gravity during reactor accidents when the core temperature rises, causing the freeze plug to melt and enabling fuel salt relocation through the drainage pipe. Understanding the fuel salt relocation mechanism is crucial in ensuring the reactor^s safety and performance. In this study, we present a particle-based approach using the Semi-Implicit Moving Particle (MPS) method, which accurately represents fluid as particles carrying essential physical properties. We validate the MPS method as an alternative tool for investigating fuel salt relocation in the MSFR, comparing its results with the well-established Delta-SPH method for verification. The simulations encompass scenarios with and without obstacles, involving water-PEO fluids known for their distinct densities and propensity to induce splashing phenomena. The excellent alignment of MPS method results with Delta-SPH method outcomes confirms its effectiveness in predicting freeze plug melting and fuel salt relocation in the MSFR, providing valuable insights into the passive safety mechanisms. This research contributes to enhancing the safety and efficiency of advanced molten salt reactor designs. Keywords: Molten Salt Fast Reactor (MSFR), freeze plug melting, fuel salt relocation, passive safety, Semi-Implicit Moving Particle (MPS) method, Delta-SPH method, particle-based simulation. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yulia Mifftah Huljanah)

82	Nuclear Science and Engineering	ABS-6
Design study of 450MW thermal Modified CANDLE fast reactor using helium gas as a coolant Jean Pierre Ndayiragije, Zaki Su^ud, Abdul Waris, Dwi Irwanto Institut Teknologi Bandung Abstract Design study of 450MW thermal Modified CANDLE fast reactor using helium gas as a coolant Jean Pierre Ndayiragije, Zaki Su^ud, Abdul Waris, Dwi Irwanto 1. Physics Department, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia 2. Nuclear Science and Engineering Department, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia ndayirajeanpierre@gmail.com Abstract: The Modified CANDLE (MCANDLE) burnup scheme divides the reactor core into several regions in an axial or radial direction with equal volume. It works like the CANDLE burnup scheme except that, in the CANDLE burnup scheme, the reactor core is divided into three main regions in the axial direction. Namely, spent fuel, burning region and fresh fuel region. In this study, the design of a modular modified CANDLE fast reactor using helium gas as a coolant has been performed. One of the important roles of a modified CANDLE fast reactor, it can utilize natural uranium as fuel without the need for enriching or reprocessing. This reactor^s type can be used, including in developing countries, without the nuclear proliferation problem. Using helium gas as a coolant gives hope for a fast reactor due to its properties, such as its less neutron absorption, less radioactive, and as helium is an inert gas, prevents chemical reactions with other materials. The study was performed on a rector with thermal power of 450MWth. The active core was divided into ten regions with equal volume in radial directions. The refueling scheme has been optimized every ten years of burnup to obtain a good reactor design. In the beginning, the fuel was put in the first region after ten years of burnup was moved to the second region, after another ten years of burnup was moved to the third region and so on until the tenth region where the fuel gets out. The neutronic calculation has been performed using the SRAC (Standard Reactor Analysis Code system). The collision probability method (PIJ) was employed for cell burnup calculation, and CITATION was used for the reactor core design with JENDL 4.0 as the nuclear data library. Keywords: Conversion ratio, Effective multiplication factor, natural uranium, Modified CANDLE, burnup level References [1] T. Muthuvelan, ^STUDY ON ENERGY CRISIS AND THE FUTURE OF FOSSIL,^ no. October 2014, doi: 10.13140/2.1.2234.3689. [2] E. O. Ozili, Peterson K, ^Global energy crisis&#8239-: impact on the global economy,^ no. March 2023, doi: 10.2139/ssrn.4309828. [3] Y. Hiroshi Sekimoto, Yoshikane, ^CANDLE. The New Burnup Strategy.^ 2001. [4] R. Ulucak and S. Erdogan, ^The effect of nuclear energy on the environment in the context of globalization: Consumption vs production-based CO2 emissions,^ Nucl. Eng. Technol., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 1312-1320, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.net.2021.10.030. [5] I. Bosman, ^Policy Insights African Continental Nuclear Institutions&#8239-: A Review,^ no. October 2021. [6] H. H. Nguyen, J. Nishiyama, and T. Obara, ^Burnup Performance of CANDLE Burning Reactor Using Sodium Coolant,^ Nucl. Sci. Eng., vol. 00, no. 00, pp. 1128-1142, 2020, doi 10.1080/00295639.2020.1775433. [7] N. Widiawati, Z. Su^ud, D. Irwanto, and D. Andris, ^Neutronic Study of Fast Reactor with Modified CANDLE Burnup Scheme Using natural Pb, Pb(nat)-Bi Eutectic, 208Pb, and 208Pb-Bi Eutectic as Coolant,^ J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1949, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1949/1/012023. [8] H. Sekimoto, ^Six Requirements for Nuclear Energy System and Candle Reactor,^ no. May 2010, pp. 3-7, 2014. [9] Z. Su and H. Sekimoto, ^Design study of long-life Pb-Bi cooled fast reactor with natural uranium as fuel cycle input using modified CANDLE burn-up scheme Design study of medium-sized Pb-Bi cooled fast reactors with natural uranium as fuel cycle input using modified CANDLE burn-up scheme Zaki Su ^ ud * Hiroshi Sekimoto,^ no. May, 2012, doi: 10.1504/IJNEST.2012.046983. [10] N. W. and H. S. Zaki Su^ud, M. Ilham, ^Modified CANDLE Burnup Calculation System, Its Evolution, and Future Development,^ 2018. [11] H. Sekimoto, Light a CANDLE&#8239-: An Innovative Burnup Strategy of Nuclear Reactors Second edition. 2010. [12] Z. Su and H. Sekimoto, ^Design study of long-life Pb-Bi cooled fast reactor with natural uranium as fuel cycle input using modified CANDLE burn-up scheme,^ no. February 2017, 2012, doi: 10.1504/IJNEST.2012.046983. [13] Z. S. ^ ud * Sekimoto, ^Design study of long-life Pb-Bi cooled fast reactor with natural uranium as fuel cycle input using modified CANDLE burn-up scheme,^ vol. 5, no. 4, 2010. [14] Z. Su^Ud et al., ^Design Study of Small Modified CANDLE based Long Life Gas Cooled Fast Reactors,^ Energy Procedia, vol. 131, pp. 6-14, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.439. [15] Z. Su and H. Sekimoto, ^The prospect of gas cooled fast reactors for long life reactors with natural uranium as fuel cycle input,^ Ann. Nucl. Energy, vol. 54, pp. 58-66, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.anucene.2012.09.014. [16] M. A. Z Su^ud, N R Galih, ^Study of Helium Cooled Fast Reactor Core Design Fuelled by Thorium Carbide-Ura Keywords: Conversion ratio, Effective multiplication factor, natural uranium, Modified CANDLE, burnup level Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Jean Pierre Ndayiragije)

83	Nuclear Science and Engineering	ABS-7
A comparison of Neutronic Study of 400MW thermal Fast Reactor with Modified CANDLE Burnup Scheme by Using Liquid Sodium, Lead -Bismuth Eutectic and Helium Gas Coolants Jean Pierre Ndayiragije, Zaki Su^ud, Abdul Waris, Dwi Irwanto Institut Teknologi Bandung Abstract A comparison of Neutronic Study of 400MW thermal Fast Reactor with Modified CANDLE Burnup Scheme by Using Liquid Sodium, Lead -Bismuth Eutectic and Helium Gas Coolants Jean Pierre Ndayiragije, Zaki Su^ud, Abdul Waris, Dwi Irwanto 1Department of Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia. 2Department of nuclear science and Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia. ndayirajeanpierre@gmail.com Abstract: The choice of the coolant is one of the main technical issues regarding fast reactor design since it determines the design approach and safety, technical and economic characteristics system. In this study, the utilization of liquid Sodium, Lead-Bismuth Eutectic and Helium coolants have been investigated to compare the neutronic analysis of a Fast Reactor with Modified CANDLE (Constant Axial shape of Neutron flux, nuclide densities, and power shape During Life of Energy production) burnup scheme. The study was performed on a reactor with thermal power of 400MWth with a refuelling process every ten years of burnup. In the Modified CANDLE burnup scheme, the active core has been divided into ten regions with the same volume in the radial direction. The first region is contained by fresh natural uranium, and after ten years of burnup, it is moved into the second region and, ten years later, it is shifted to region 3. These movements have been done to all regions. Liquid Sodium, Lead-Bismuth Eutectic and Helium became promising coolants for the fast reactor due to their properties such as high specific heat, thermal conductivity, low viscosity, low corrosive and erosive effects, less likely to be radioactive, low neutron absorption, high boiling point and low melting point. The neutronic calculations have been carried out by using SRAC (Standard Reactor Analysis Code) with JENDL 4.0 as the nuclear data library. Neutronic aspects such as, burn up level, multiplication factor, infinite multiplication factor and conversion ratio are utilized in this study to compare the behaviour of the fast reactor cooled by Liquid Sodium, Lead-Bismuth eutectic, and Helium gas. According to the effective multiplication factor results, the liquid sodium reached criticality more than others. Then liquid sodium is the best coolant compared to the lead-bismuth eutectic and helium gas. Keywords: effective multiplication factor, coolant, Modified CANDLE, Burn-up level References [1] I. Atomic and E. Agency, ^Coolant technology of water cooled reactors,^ vol. 1, 1992. [2] H. H. P. AALTONEN, V. M. Technology, and F. Espoo, ^WATER CHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS IN PWRs AND BWRs.^ [3] A. L. Shimkevich, ^Liquid-Metal Coolants for Nuclear Power,^ no. March 2015, doi: 10.1023/A. [4] P. Wolniewicz, ^A feasibility study of coolant void detection in a lead-cooled fast reactor using fission chambers,^ 2012. [5] V. M. Troyanov, G. I. Toshinsky, V. S. Stepanov, and V. V Petrochenko, ^Lead-bismuth cooled reactors&#8239-: history and the potential of development . Part 1 . History of development *,^ vol. 8, no. August 1952, pp. 187-195, 2022, doi 10.3897/nucet.8.93908. [6] L. Alamos, ^Material Studies for Lead Bismuth Eutectic Cooled Nuclear Applications,^ no. March, pp. 1-141, 2008. [7] G. Toshinsky and V. Petrochenko, ^Modular Lead-Bismuth Fast Reactors in Nuclear Power,^ pp. 2293-2316, 2012, doi: 10.3390/su4092293. [8] N. Np-t-, ^IAEA Nuclear Energy Series Liquid Metal Coolants for Fast Reactors Cooled By Sodium, Lead, and Lead-Bismuth Eutectic,^ 2012. [9] W. F. G. Van Rooijen, ^Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor&#8239-: A Historical Overview and Future Outlook,^ vol. 2009, 2009, doi: 10.1155/2009/965757. [10] M. Alan E. Waltar Fusion and F. H. Transfer, Fast breeder reactor. 1981. [11] C. J. H. CPC WONG, CB BAXI and H. S. RW SCHLEICHER, Thermal and Flow Design of Helium-Cooled Reactors. 1994. [12] Z. Su and H. Sekimoto, ^Design study of long-life Pb-Bi cooled fast reactor with natural uranium as fuel cycle input using modified CANDLE burn-up scheme,^ no. February 2017, 2012, doi: 10.1504/IJNEST.2012.046983. [13] Z. Su and H. Sekimoto, ^Design study of long-life Pb-Bi cooled fast reactor with natural uranium as fuel cycle input using modified CANDLE burn-up scheme,^ no. May, 2012, doi: 10.1504/IJNEST.2012.046983. [14] N. Widiawati, Z. Su^ud, D. Irwanto, and D. Andris, ^Neutronic Study of Fast Reactor with Modified CANDLE Burnup Scheme Using natural Pb, Pb(nat)-Bi Eutectic, 208Pb, and 208Pb-Bi Eutectic as Coolant,^ J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1949, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1949/1/012023. [15] Y. Hiroshi Sekimoto, Yoshikane, ^CANDLE. The New Burnup Strategy.^ 2001. [16] H. Sekimoto, Light a CANDLE&#8239-: An Innovative Burnup Strategy of Nuclear Reactors Second edition. 2010. [17] M. Yan and H. Sekimoto, ^Study on small long-life LBE cooled fast reactor with CANDLE burn-up e Part I&#8239-: Steady-state research,^ vol. 50, pp. 286-289, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.pnucene.2007.11.005. [18] H. Sekimoto and M. Yan, ^Design study on small candle reactor,^ 13th Keywords: effective multiplication factor, coolant, Modified CANDLE, Burn-up level Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Jean Pierre Ndayiragije)

84	Nuclear Science and Engineering	ABS-15
Design of Neutron Activation and Radiography Facilities Based on DD Generator Dian Adi Prastowo (a*) a) Research Center for Radiation Detection and Nuclear Analysis Technology, BRIN Jalan Raya Puspiptek, South Tangerang, Indonesia *dian065[at]brin.go.id Abstract Design and simulation of radiation facility using deuterium-deuterium (DD) neutron generator for neutron activation analysis (NAA) and radiography have been conducted by PHITS 3.30. A cylindrical DD neutron tube (E = 2.45 MeV isotropic, 5 x 10^9/(cm^2.s) flux) is surrounded by high-density polyethylene blocks which serve as the moderator. Within the moderator there are several cavities to perform neutron activation experiments. A 90 cm long beam tube is installed either radially or tangentially for radiography purposes. Monte Carlo simulations then calculate the thermal flux inside the cavities and on the end of the beam tube. The biggest thermal flux obtained in the activation chambers is about 1.56 x 10^6/(cm^2.s) in the cavity closest to the source center. Radial beam tube delivers thermal flux of 8.4 x 10^3/(cm^2.s), while tangential beam tube transports 1.2 x 10^3/(cm^2.s). Although the thermal flux in the radial beam tube is higher, the fast neutron flux is also higher, about 5.3 x 10^3/(cm^2.s). Tangential beam tube configuration can decrease fast neutron flux to only 9.0 x 10^1/(cm^2.s). This result can serve as a preliminary study for commisioning radiation facilities based on compact, low-energy neutron source. Keywords: DD generator, NAA, radiography, PHITS Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dian Adi Prastowo)

85	Nuclear Science and Engineering	ABS-22
Gamma Radiation Meter Survey Design Based on Geiger Tube and Arduino UNO Microcontroller For Environmental Radiation Monitoring Deni Karsa Sondana, Sidik Permana Institut Teknologi Bandung Abstract Radioactivity that occurs in the environment produces ionizing radiation in the form of alfa, beta and gamma - radiation. Every time humans on earth are unnoticed by this radiation which, in a certain amount, will cause damage to human body tissues. The purpose of this study is to design a survey meter for gamma radiation in the environment using a Geiger J305 tube filled with argon gas. The detector module is integrated with the Arduino UNO Microcontroller whose role is to convert the resulting electrical signal into count data with units of CPM (Counters per minutes). To ensure that the measurement values of the survey meter have stability, a statistical stability test is carried out using the chi squere test. The results of the trial measurement of gamma radiation by the indoor survey meter design obtained data with a chi squared value of 14.00, while for the outdoor trial obtained data with a chi squared value of 15.03 and finally the results of the trial measurement of gamma radiation from radiation sources fixed, namely radionuclide Cessium-137, obtained data with a chi squared value of 12.84. From the results of the three test measurements carried out, all values of the chi square test are in the gaussian distribution range Keywords: chi squere test, arduino microcontroller, gamma radiation, survey meter Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Deni Karsa Sondana)

86	Nuclear Science and Engineering	ABS-28
Analysis on Natural Background Radiation Dose Rate in Mamuju, West Sulawesi Frafti Rejeki S(a*), Sidik Permana(a,b*), Adi Rahmansyah(b), Haryo Seno(c), Zulfahmi(a), Ismail Humolungo(b) a) Physics Department, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *fraftirejeki[at]gmail.com, psidik[at]itb.ac.id b) Nuclear Science and Engineering Department, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia c) Indonesia^s National Research and Inovation Agency, Jalan Tamansari 71, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract Measurement of natural radiation dose rates has been carried out in Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi. The research was conducted to determine the dose rate of natural radiation, to compare the radiation dose rates at the research location with several other regions in Indonesia and the world, as well as to map the distribution of natural radiation dose rate. Measurement of the natural radiation dose rate above the ground level (ambient dose ) is carried out using a scintillator detector NaI(Tl) Inspector 1000 Canberra and Geiger Muller mini Radiac Canberra which can directly measure the radiation dose rates in the field. The research locations covered 5 sub-districts in Mamuju Regency where there were 75 measurement points whose coordinate positions were recorded using the GPX Garmin Etrex 10. The measurement technique was carried out using a grid system measuring 2 x 2 km2. Measurements were made at a distance of one meter above the ground and right above the ground surface. The measurement results show that there is a significant difference in the values of the two detectors used. The average natural radiation dose rate obtained from measurements using a NaI(Tl) scintillator detector is 0.21 &#956-Sv/hour which is lower than Geiger Muller that show 0.78 &#956-Sv/hour. The average annual effective dose value received by the population is around 0.37 mSv/year which is lower than the international standard set by UNSCEAR. The average annual radiation dose rate in Mamuju district is the highest in Indonesia. Keywords: Dose Rate- Geiger Muller- Natural Radiation- NaI(Tl) Scintilator Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (FRAFTI REJEKI)

87	Nuclear Science and Engineering	ABS-30
Neutronics Analysis of SMART Reactor Fuel Cell and Fuel Assemblies with Two Absorber Materials: Gd2O3 - UO2 and Al2O3 - B4C Using SRAC Code and JENDL 3.3 and 4.0 Data Libraries Jakaria Usman(a,b), Abdul Waris* (b,c), Syeilendra Pramuditya(b,c), Novitrian(b,c) (a) National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia. (b) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia. (c) Nuclear Physics & Biophysics Research Division, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Indonesia. *awaris[at]itb.ac.id Abstract The SMART is a small modular nuclear reactor which has been developed by South Korea KAERI, utilizes 4.95% enriched uranium fuel and two types of absorber materials: Gd2O3 - UO2 and Al2O3 - B4C. This research focuses on the neutronic analysis of SMART at the fuel cell and fuel assembly levels using SRAC 2006 with JENDL 3.3 and 4.0 Nuclear Data Libraries. The study aims to compare the neutronic performance of the SMART fuel assembly using these two absorber materials. At the fuel level, three types of enrichment are considered: 2.82%, 3.25%, and 4.95%. Meanwhile, at the fuel assembly level, three types (A, B, and C) are investigated, based on the composition of fuel rods and absorber material rods. The results indicate that the SMART reactor with the KAERI design (enrichment of 4.95% and 3 types of fuel assemblies) can maintain critical conditions for 990 days (equivalent to 3 years) of operation for small modular reactor types. The two types of absorber materials are effective in absorbing excess positive reactivity from the fuel effectively. Keywords: SRAC, JENDL, SMART Reactor, Gd2O3 - UO2, Al2O3 - B4C Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Jakaria Usman)

88	Nuclear Science and Engineering	ABS-48
Determining a core geometry for a helium-cooled fast reactor with natural uranium as a fuel cycle source. Feriska Handayani Irka, Zaki Su^ud, Dwi Irwanto, Siti Nurul Khotimah, Hiroshi Sekimotod Institut Teknologi Bandung Universitas Andalas Abstract A core geometry for a helium-cooled fast reactor with natural uranium as the fuel cycle input was determined. This research aims to identify a geometric type with good neutronic economy and low neutron leakage so that a reactor using natural uranium as a fuel cycle source may operate in a critical condition throughout the burnup time. In this study, three different types of geometry are used. Geometry with a greater than one height-to-diameter (H/D) ratio (tall core), geometry with a H/D ratio equal to one (balance core), and geometry with a H/D ratio less than one (pancake core). The reactor has a power of 400 MWTh, a refueling duration of ten years, and a volume of 6.27 m2 with varied H/D ratios. The data was computed using SRAC (Standard Thermal Reactor Analysis Code System), a deterministic code with the JENDL 4.0 nuclear data library. In comparison to the other two geometries, the pancake core has the best neutron economy and lowest neutron leakage. Keywords: helium-cooled fast reactor, pancake core, balance core, tall core, natural uranium Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Feriska Handayani Irka)

89	Nuclear Science and Engineering	ABS-49
Influence of Pipe Diameter on Advanced Nuclear Reactor Natural Circulation System Amna Yasya Mubarok (a*), Sidik Permana (a), Dwi Irwanto (a), Asril Pramutadi Andi Mustari (a) a) Nuclear Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology Jalan Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia *amnayasya[at]gmail.com Abstract 4th gen reactors are focused on developing 4 aspects, highly economical, enhanced safety, minimal waste, and proliferation resistance. 4th gen reactor using natural circulation on coolant as an enhanced safety system. Natural circulation makes sure coolant is still flowing even without using a pump. In case of disaster and power outage the coolant still able to release heat since the coolant is still flowing. This research is done to study the natural circulation using COMSOL Multiphysics and experiment. Model used in this research is a reactor coolant that 100 cm in height and 50 cm in width. In this research the diameter of the pipe varied at 1/2, 3/4 and 1 inch to the difference of heat dissipation on each configuration. Simulation and experiment able to perform natural circulation. The result show changes in heat dissipation on each configuration. Bigger pipes have more water volume, meanwhile the heater and cooler give and take the same amount of the heat, the result is bigger pipes have higher difference on water lowest and highest temperature. Keywords: Natural circulation- Pipe diameter- Reactors Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Amna Yasya Mubarok)

90	Nuclear Science and Engineering	ABS-53
Neutronic Analysis for The Radial Direction Heterogeneous Core Configuration of GFR With Thorium Fuel Tsania Eksa Angelina (a), Ratna Dewi Syarifah (a*), Nina Widiawati (b), Artoto Arkundato (a), Lutfi Rohman (a), Wenny Maulina (a), and Endhah Purwandari (a) a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jember, Indonesia *rdsyarifah.fmipa[at]unej.ac.id b) Research Center for Nuclear Reactor Technology, Indonesia Abstract A neutronic analysis has been carried out for the radial direction heterogeneous core configuration in GFR with thorium nitride fuel to obtain the most optimal heterogeneous design has k-eff>1 and excess reactivity below one percent. Neutronic analysis was performed using openMC version 0.13.2 based on open-source Monte Carlo simulation with ENDF/B-VII.1 data library. The first calculation is benchmarking openMC and SRAC where the largest error is 2.49% is caused by different data library. SRAC data library is JENDL 4.0. The second calculation is a homogeneous core configuration with 5% to 15% uranium-233 fuel variation, the stability lies at 8% for the reference of heterogeneous core configuration. The heterogeneous core configuration was performed with three types of fuel percentage and five different geometry variations. The optimum design for geometry F1:F2:F3 = 1 ring:4 rings:1 ring using fuel type F1:F2:F3 = 6.5%:8%:9.5%. Optimum design for geometry F1:F2:F3 = 2 rings:2 rings:2 rings using fuel type F1:F2:F3 = 7.5%:8%:8.5%. Optimum design for geometry F1:F2:F3 = 1 ring:2 rings:3 rings using fuel type F1:F2:F3 = 7%:8%:9%. Optimum design for geometry F1:F2:F3 = 1 ring:3 rings:2 rings using fuel type F1:F2:F3 = 7.5%:8%:8.5%. Optimum design for geometry F1:F2:F3 = 1 ring:1 ring:4 rings using fuel type F1:F2:F3 = 7.5%:8%:8.5%. The most optimum design among the other five designs is the F1:F2:F3 = 2 rings:2 rings:2 rings geometry design because it has a maximum k-eff of 1.00999 and excess reactivity of 0.99%. This design is carried out for an extended burn-up 15 years and still stable with the characteristics of the neutron flux and fission rate in this design decrease with burn-up time. Fission product in this design also decreased according to the purpose of the generation IV reactor is the prevention of nuclear weapons. Keywords: Gas-cooled Fast Reactor, OpenMC, Thorium Nitride Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Tsania Eksa Angelina)

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