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61	Materials for health	ABS-72
In vivo toxicity study of carboxylated iron oxide/carbon nanocomposite produced in submerged arc discharge calcined in different temperature Teguh Endah Saraswati1), Patimah Patimah1), Nestri Handayani2) 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126 2Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126 Abstract The present study reports the successful preparation of magnetic nanocomposites of iron oxide/carbon by the arc-discharge method in liquid media. The iron oxide material used in this study was synthesized by electrolysis using iron electrodes in a NaCl electrolyte medium. The result of electrolysis was then calcined at different temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of iron oxide calcined at different temperatures resulted in definitive peaks in different phases. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis showed that the greater the calcination temperature applied, the lower the magnetism of iron oxides. The iron oxide/carbon was prepared by the submerged arc-discharge method using two graphite electrodes in a liquid medium (ethanol-acetic acid) under an electrical current 10 A. XRD pattern of iron oxide/carbon reveals diffraction peaks which represent for Fe3O4 and Fe2O3, C (graphite), and Fe3C respectively. VSM analysis showed the magnetization of iron oxide/carbon was smaller than the magnetization of iron oxide due to the addition of carbon. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed several vibrations such as Fe-O stretching at 450-555 cm-1, C-H bending at 650-1000 cm-1, C-O at 1000-1320 cm-1, C=C stretching at 1500-1700 cm-1 from carbon, C-H stretching at 2850-3000 cm-1 and O-H stretching at 3200-3500 cm-1 from alcohol or phenol. The success of surface modification was shown by dispersion tests in water and ethanol, which indicated that oxygen-containing functional groups were successfully attached to the nanoparticle surface. The electron imaging analysis shows that the prepared iron oxide/carbon nanoparticles have spherical shapes with a diameter range of 15-40 nm. The in-vivo toxicity test results in an LD50 value >2500 mg/kg, showing that iron oxide/carbon prepared in this study is classified as practically non-toxic nanocomposites, further concluding as potential inorganic material used in biapplication. Keywords: iron oxide- carbon- magnetic nanocomposite- carboxyl- submerged arc-discharge Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Teguh Endah Saraswati)

62	Other related to materials science	ABS-2
Preparation and Characterization of Biopolymer-Based Electrospun Fiber from Starch Asti Sawitri1, Efa Latiffah1, Aan Priyanto1, Dian Ahmad Hapidin1, Dhewa Edikresnha1, Neni Surtiyeni1, Arie Wibowo3, Khairurrijal Khairurrijal1,2 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Naturals Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. 2University Center of Excellence-Nutraceutical, Research Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. 3Departement of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia Abstract Starch is a biopolymer (natural polymer) that is abundant, easy to obtain, low in cost, renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible. Starch-biopolymer-based fibers show good potential in food and biomedical applications because of their hydrophilic nature and can be absorbed by the human body without causing allergic reactions or toxic effects. In this report, starch fiber synthesis was successfully produced by the electrospinning technique. The starch used was potato starch with 75% formic acid solvent. The syntehesis optimization is a variance in the concentration of the starch precursor solution to be spun. The starch solution at a concentration of 10% w/v had not yet formed fiber but formed of particles, and then the fibers began to form in the starch solution at a concentration of 20% w/v at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/hour, a voltage of 17 kV, a needle-to-collector distance of 15 cm, and chamber humidity was maintained at 50-54%. Keywords: starch, fiber, electrospinning, biopolymer, concentration Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Efa Latiffah)

63	Other related to materials science	ABS-5
The Effect of Spinneret Angular Speed on the Fiber Collection Efficiency of a New Collector System of Rotary Forcespinning Apparatus Fitri Afriani 1, Aan Priyanto 1, Asti Sawitri 1, Riris Sukowati 1, Yadi Mulyadi Rohman 1, Dian Ahmad Hapidin 1, and Khairurrijal Khairurrijal 1,2 1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. 2. University Center of Excellence - Nutraceutical, Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Center, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. Abstract Rotary forcespinning (RFS) is still being developed by researchers as one of the most promising techniques for yielding nanofibers with a large production rate and low-cost operation. Fiber collection efficiency becomes one of the concerns that is affected by various parameters, including the structure of the collector and spinning process. Most of the RFS devices were accompanied by poles, rolling charged-drums, and wall-like collector systems to assemble the fibers. However, a collector system capable of achieving high collection efficiency and directly producing fiber membranes without any further processing is still required. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the angular speed of the spinneret on the fiber collection efficiency of a new collector system of the RFS apparatus. A new collector system consisted of poles and a rolling collector, in which the poles were arranged zig zag next to each other at a certain distance around the spinneret, enabling the rolling collector to continuously pass through between the poles to collect the fibers. At low spinneret angular speed (4000 rpm), the pole collector received 95.19% of the fiber mass, while the rolling collector received only 4.81%. As the angular speed went higher, the number of fibers deposited in the pole collector exponentially decreased, while the number of fibers that successfully rolled exponentially rose. At the highest angular speed (11000 rpm), only 4.61% of the fiber mass was deposited in the pole collector and 95.39% of the fiber mass was successfully assembled by the rolling collector. The developed fibers were dominated by beads at 4500 rpm, a small number of beads at 6500 rpm, and without beads at 10000 rpm. The higher the angular speed, the smaller the diameter of fibers and beads. Therefore, a new collector system efficiently collected the fine fibers at high angular speed. Keywords: spinneret angular speed, fiber, collection efficiency, collector system, rotary forcespinning. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Aan Priyanto)

64	Other related to materials science	ABS-11
Structure and Properties of Mixed Matrix Membrane based on PVDF/MWCNT/Fe3O4 Fitri Khoerunnisa1,a, Yurin Karunia Apsha Albaina Iasya1, Mita Nurhayati1,2, Eli Hendrik Sanjaya3, Murni Handayani4, Witri Wahyu Lestari5 1 Department of Chemistry, Indonesia University of Education, Setiabudi 229 Bandung 40154 Indonesia 2 Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea 3 Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia 4 Research Center for Advanced Materials - National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Puspiptek Area, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, 15314, Indonesia 5 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A Kentingan, Jebres, Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia Abstract The membrane performance strongly depends on type and characteristics of precursors, composition and synthesis method. This study aims to investigate the structures and properties of mixed matrix membrane based on PVDF/MWCNT/Fe3O4. The composite membrane was synthesized via solution mixing and phase inversion method at certain mass ratio (mg) where the PVDF and MWCNT were fixed 18: 1 while the Fe3O4 was varied from 1 to 4 mg in 100 mL of DMAc solvent. The synthesized membrane was characterized using spectroscopy FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, tensile strength, water contact angle and antibacterial tests. The results showed that the chemical interaction between membrane matrix (PVDF) and fillers (MWCNT and Fe3O4) was occurred predominantly via hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interaction indicated by the appearance of new peaks at 605 cm-1 for Fe-O vibration and peak shifts at 3400, 2360, 1732, 1620 cm-1 correspond to for O-H, C=O, and C=N vibrations, respectively. The cross-sectional SEM images demonstrated the modification of macrovoid to microvoid pore structures, suggesting the reduction of pore size. The X-ray diffractogram represented the peak diffraction shifts at 2&#952- 18.09o and 20.26o to19.96o corresponds to crystalline PDVF and the appearance of new peaks at 2&#952-, 26.96o and 39.12o derived from crystalline MWCNT and Fe3O4, respectively, suggesting the modification of morphological structures and crystallinity improvement of membrane. The filler addition was also remarkably improved the mechanical strength (10 to 24 MPa) as well as hydrophilicity of PVDF membrane (water contact angle from 73.47o to 61.8o). The membrane exhibited the moderate antibacterial activity toward S. aureus and P. aeruginosa as indicated by ZoI up to 6.2 mm and % BKR up to 68.5 and 51.2 %, respectively, suggesting the antibiofouling potential. These results inferred that incorporation of MWCNT and Fe3O4 into PVDF matrix remarkably modified the structure and properties of membranes. Keywords: mixed matrix membranes- PVDF- MWCNT- Fe3O4- structures- properties Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fitri Khoerunnisa)

65	Other related to materials science	ABS-12
Elastic Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes from 3D Printing Filament Yadi Mulyadi Rohman(a), Riris Sukowati(a), Aan Priyanto(a), Dian Ahmad Hapidin(a), Khairurrijal Khairurrijal(a,b) a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Naturals Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. *hapidin[at]fi.itb.ac.id b) University Center of Excellence-Nutraceutical, Research Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. *krijal[at]fi.itb.ac.id Abstract This paper investigated the mechanical properties of the electrospun nanofiber membranes made from 3D printing filament product (Ninjaflex, Fenner Inc). The Ninjaflex filament is mainly composed of Polyurethane, which gives the flexibility to the material. The filament was dissolved in a solvent mixture of dimethylformamide with various concentrations. Electrospinning parameters used in our work: voltage of 12 to 16 kV, flowrate of 1.2 to 1.4 mLh-1, and syringe to collector distance of 15 cm. The deposition time was varied from 0.5 hours to 3 hours to obtain various thickness of Ninjaflex nanofiber membranes (NNMs). The NNMs were characterized for its fiber morphology and mechanical properties, including tensile strength, Youngs modulus, and ultimate tensile strength. It was found that the solution concentration of 20 wt% yield an optimum nanofiber with the diameter of 801.664 \pm 0.35 nm The NNM fabricated at concentration of 20 wt% and deposition time of 2.5 hours has the Youngs modulus and ultimate tensile strength of 3.3 x 10-6 MPa and 0.741 MPa, respectively. The high Youngs modulus value of the NNM indicates their superior elasticity. Keywords: Electrospinning-nanofibers-3D printing filament- mechanical properties Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Yadi Mulyadi Rohman)

66	Other related to materials science	ABS-17
Characteristic of Plasma Electrolytic Oxide Layer Formed on zircaloy-4 in the Presence of Additive Y2O3 Maman Kartaman Ajiriyanto and Anawati, Anawati Departemen Fisika, FMIPA, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia. Center For Nuclear Fuel Cyle and Radioactive Waste Technology (PRTDBBNLR - BRIN), Building 20, Puspiptek Area, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia. Abstract Additive Y2O3 is proposed to enhance the stability of the tetragonal ZrO2 phase in the coating form on Zr-4 alloy resulting from plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). The PEO was performed on commercial zircalloy-4 (Zr-4) alloy (nuclear grade) in the bath containing additive nanopowder Y2O3. A constant DC current of 20 mA/cm2 was used as the power input. The effect of additive Y2O3 on the microstructure, elemental distribution, and phase composition of the resulting coatings was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The coatings showed a similar morphology of lava-like oxide. However, the coating became denser with increasing time. EDS analysis revealed that the coating was composed of ZrO2 and SiO2 compounds. The Y2O3 compound was successfully incorporated in the coating at a concentration up to 2.26 at% in the form of dispersed particles. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of two phases of ZrO2, monoclinic (m) and tetragonal (t). The presence of the Y2O3 compound in the coating stabilized the t phase, which is commonly stable at high temperatures. Keywords: plasma electrolytic oxidation, additive, zirconia, corrosion Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Maman Kartaman Ajiriyanto)

67	Other related to materials science	ABS-27
Influence of Organic Cations on the Structures of Two-Dimensional Lead Bromide Perovskites Pramitha Yuniar Diah Maulida1,a), Sri Hartati1,b), Irma Mulyani2,c), Djulia Onggo2,d), Muhammad Haris Mahyuddin3,4,e), Alfian Noviyanto1,5,f), Muhammad Danang Birowosuto6,7,g), Arramel1,8,h), Nurul Taufiqu Rochman1,9,i) 1Nano Center Indonesia, Jalan Raya PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia 2Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 3Research Group of Advanced Functional Materials, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 4Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mercu Buana University, Jakarta 11650, Indonesia 6CINTRA UMI CNRS/NTU/THALES, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore 7&#321-ukasiewicz Research Network-PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stab&#322-owicka 147, 54-066 Wroc&#322-aw, Poland 8Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore 9Research for Advanced Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia Abstract The structural flexibility exhibited by the organic cations is responsible for unique optoelectronic properties of lead bromide hybrid perovskites. Recent studies have shown that this interaction between organic and inorganic components is strongly related to the phase transition within the materials. In this work, we investigate the structure of lead bromide hybrid perovskites with varying organic cations using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The organic cations vary in the number of amine and methyl groups, with some possessing distinctive benzene ring in their structures. Diffraction patterns confirm the different structure between the perovskites, with the peaks predominantly associated with lead bromide perovskites. XRF analysis reveals peaks assigned to Pb and Br element in the low-Z and mid-Z range. FTIR spectra shows peaks attributed to amine and methyl functional groups, in addition to Pb-Br bonds. These findings could provide insights on the correlation between phase transition of lead bromide hybrid perovskite and its organic cations, particularly in relation to the number of benzene rings and functional groups within the cations. Keywords: benzene ring- functional groups- lead-bromide perovskites- organic cations- structural phase transition Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Pramitha Yuniar Diah Maulida)

68	Other related to materials science	ABS-28
Unravelling Correlated Electronic States in the Layered Manganese-based Perovskites Pramitha Yuniar Diah Maulida 1,a) , Dingguan Wang 2,3,b) Francesco Maddalena 4,c) , Chi Sin Tang 5,d) , Xinmao Yin 6,e) , Caozheng Diao 5,f) , Irma Mulyani 7,g) , Djulia Onggo 7,h) , Alfian Noviyanto 1,8,i) , Muhammad Danang Birowosuto 4,9,j) , Arramel 1,2,k) , Andrew Thye Shen Wee 2,10,11,l) , Andrivo Rusydi 2,5,10,12,m) , dan Nurul Taufiqu Rochman 1,13,n) 1 Nano Center Indonesia, Jalan Raya PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia 2 Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore 3 SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science &amp- Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China 4 CINTRA UMI CNRS/NTU/THALES, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore 5 Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603, Singapore 6 Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China 7 Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 8 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mercu Buana University, Jakarta 11650, Indonesia 9 &#321-ukasiewicz Research Network-PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stab&#322-owicka 147, 54-066 Wroc&#322-aw, Poland 10 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore 11 Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore 12 NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore 12 Research for Advanced Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia Abstract The tunable control in the inorganic octahedral framework of hybrid perovskites offers potential applications in photovoltaics, solid-state lighting, and radiation detection. However, the implication of the structure and optoelectronic properties pose challenges due to competition between organic-inorganic coupling and intraoctahedral interactions. In this study, we combine x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and Raman analysis to interpret the angular dependent behavior and anharmonicity of manganese-based single crystal perovskites differing by single methylene unit. The XAS spectra of manganese-based single crystal perovskites with 2-phenethylamine (PEA) compared to 3-phenyl-1-propylamine (PPA) as organic cations unambiguously demonstrated a 180 o intensity shift as a function of the incoming photon, suggesting a pronounced structural ligand variation. The out-of-plane polarization is found to be more prominent in L 2 -edge than in L 3 . In addition, an accompanying shoulder peak around 643 eV was attributed to the electron excitation from Mn 2p to 3d orbitals to form d 5 L states. A decrease in terms of the field strength is prominently observed that infers a low crystal field splitting energy. Raman analysis of the two hybrid perovskites displays a notable difference in the respective translational modes at 84 cm -1 at 87 cm -1 , which signifies the amplified anharmonicity due to extended chain length. Based on this phenomenological approach, a longer chain promotes a rather unique octahedral deformation than anharmonicity shift that is crucially important to decoupling the nature of the active units. This effort sheds some light to implement the orientational ordering towards an efficient charge transport of hybrid perovskite semiconductors. Keywords: angular-dependent- anharmonicity- electronic properties- manganese-based perovskites- polarization Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Pramitha Yuniar Diah Maulida)

69	Other related to materials science	ABS-31
High-Yield Green Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles from Oyster Shells Towards Promising Application for Dye Wastewater Removal Hanan Hakim (a), Bagas Haqi Arrosyid (a), Sri Hartati (a), Pramitha Y. D. Maulida (a), Joko Suwardy (b), Resti Marlina (c), Arramel (a), Alfian Noviyanto (a), Nurul Taufiqu Rochman (a) (a) Nano Center Indonesia Nanoplex Building, Jalan Raya PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia (b) Research Center for Quantum Physics National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia (c) Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Bogor KM 46, Cibinong-Bogor 16911, Indonesia Abstract Hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) has garnered considerable scientific attention in a variety of areas because of its excellent biocompatibility and biological activity. A highly efficient and scalable hydroxyapatite synthetic pathway from oyster shell waste has been introduced. Throughout the coprecipitation method, we obtain several physicochemical characteristics of hydroxyapatite via several fundamental characterizations, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques. A hexagonal structure is derived from the final calcination stage at 1000 Celcius for 3 hours, in which the crystallite size is around 53.5 nm and exhibits a high crystallinity (96%). Upon FTIR analyses, three functional groups of HAp can be associated with the phosphate, carbonate, and hydroxyl groups, respectively. This indicates a successful proposed synthetic method has been obtained. XRF measurements confirmed the presence of calcium and a phosphate element in the energy range of 3695, 4014, and 2027 keV, respectively. Furthermore, HAp is not only applicable in medical applications, but it could also be promising for environmental issues such as the extraction of dye wastewater. Keywords: hydroxyapatite, nanoparticles, material characterization, adsorption, dye Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Hanan Hakim)

70	Other related to materials science	ABS-33
Co-precipitations and Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of MnxFe3-xO4@C/ZnO Nanocomposite Nurul Fitriyah Mahendi1,a, Sunaryono Sunaryono1,2,b* , Eny Latifah1,c, Nadiya Miftachul Chusna1,d, Nandang Mufti1,2,e, and Ahmad Taufiq1,2,f 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia 2PUI-PT Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang No. 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia Abstract Abstract. The series of core shell MnxFe3-xO4@C/ZnO nanocomposites samples gave been successfully synthesized using coprecipitations and a low temperature hydrothermal method. The value of used were 0, 0.5, 0.75, and 1. The series of samples were characterized using XRD instrument to get information about crystal structure. The result of characterization using XRD showed that highest peak of the Fe3O4 phase was detected on 2 theta around 35.29 until 35.54 deg of the 311 plane. This peak has a shift due to the doping of the Mn atom. In addition, the highest peak of the ZnO phase was detected on 2 theta around 36.8 deg of the 101 plane. In addition, characterization of the samples was carried out using FTIR instrument. Based on IR spectra from FTIR instrument shown that Fe and O vibration was detected on 432.04 until 455.20 per cm, while Zn and O vibration was detected on 484.13 until 470.63 per cm. Also, Zn and C vibration was detected in 1035.77 until 837.10 per cm. This result indicated that the samples are successfully formed. Keywords: MnxFe3-xO4- Carbon- ZnO- co-precipitations- hydrothermal Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nurul Fitriyah Mahendi)

71	Other related to materials science	ABS-36
TUNING THE OPTICAL AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF 2D LEAD-FREE HYBRID PEROVSKITES Arramel1, a), Muhammad Haris Mahyuddin3,4, b), Lina Jaya Diguna5, c), Irma Mulyani6, d), Sri Hartati1, e), Pramitha Y.D. Maulida1, f), Hanan Ibrahim1, g) , Djulia Onggo6, h) Chi Sin Tang7, i) Xinmao Yin 8, j) ,Caozheng Diao7, k), Muhammad Danang Birowosuto9, l), Andrew Thye Shen Wee,10,11,12, m) and Andrivo Rusydi10,11,13, n) , Alfian Noviyanto1,14 , o), Nurul Taufiqu Rochman1,15, p) Author Affiliations 1Nano Center Indonesia, Jalan Raya PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Banten 15314 Indonesia 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 3Research Group of Advanced Functional Materials, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 4Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 5Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, Universitas Prasetiya Mulya, Kavling Edutown I.1, Jl. BSD Raya Utama, BSD City, Tangerang 15339, Indonesia 6Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 7Singapore Synchrotron Light Source (SSLS), National University of Singapore, 5 Research Link, Singapore 117603, Singapore 8Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China 9&#321-ukasiewicz Research Network-PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stab&#322-owicka 147, 54-066 Wroc&#322-aw, Poland 10Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 1 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore 11NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore 12Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore 13NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore 14National Research and Innovation Agency, PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia 15Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mercu Buana University, Jl. Meruya Selatan, Kebun Jeruk, Jakarta 11650, Indonesia Abstract Solution-processed hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites have potential for next generation optoelectronic and solar cell applications. The upsurge of low-dimensional hybrid perovskites brought significant interests in view of their appealing stability against harsh environmental conditions as well as their promising performance in optoelectronic applications. Few reports to date have concentrated on the fundamental relationship of fine-tuning control of diamine-based perovskite single crystals toward their electronic properties and optical behaviours. Here, we demonstrate several geometric parameters are proposed to regulate the role of hydrogen bond of organic ligands with the edge-sharing inorganic octahedra layers, leading to strong differences in the material excitonic profile and tunability of their electronic properties. Interestingly, we observe a significant reduction of photoluminescence intensity upon controlling, for example, in one of Dion-Jacobson system with tunable Cu2+/Cu+ proportion. According to the photoemission measurements, the oxidation states variation of Cu cations plays a crucial role to stabilize diammonium-based perovskite geometric structure. Interestingly, we found that the electronic signature of the spin singlet and high energy region transition are not influenced by thermal effect probed by temperature-dependent x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the elevated temperature. Density functional calculations suggest such electronic difference originates from the hydrogen bonding reduction that altered the magnitude of the octahedral distortion within the layered structure. Our other studies have also shown that structural conformation could produce a non-negligible interaction towards tuning the optical and electronic properties of lead-free hybrid perovskites. Keywords: Two-dimensional, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, Dion-Jacobson perovskites, hydrogen bonding, lead-free, octahedral deformation Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Arramel Arramel)

72	Other related to materials science	ABS-49
Development of Nitrogen Measurement Kit in Soil Based on Color Change Indicators Erma Surya Yuliana 1), Nandang Mufti 1,2), Hari Wisodo 1), Asrianti Bt. Sunardi 1), Hilda Rahmawati 1), Nur Asriyani 1), Siti Zulaikah 1), Yudyanto 1) 1) Departement of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia. 2) Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia. Abstract Agricultural productivity is hindered by low soil fertility. The farmer can^t test the macronutient on soil because of expensive laboratory analysis and laboratory methods that take a long time to analyze macronutients in soil. So we need a cheap, fast, portable soil test that can be relied upon the determine the condition of soil nutriens. This study aims to develop a Soil Test Kit (STK) for testing nitrogen in the soil. STK fabrication uses a colorimetric method by mixing reagents and color indicators. The reagent we use in this study are Zn and MnO2. The color indicators are (NH4)2MoO4, bromcressol purple, and methyl red. STK is characterized using XRD, XRF, FTIR, and SEM. XRD analyses indicate that STK contains Zn (OH)2 and MnO2. Based on XRF testing, STK contains Mn, Zn, Mo, Ca, Yb, P, Cu, and Ni. The FTIR results indicate that the STK contains MnO2, Mn2O3, Zn(OH)2, and (NH4)2MoO4 compounds. The SEM showed that the size of particles on the STK with the variation of (NH4)2MoO4 0.4 gram, 0.5 gram and 0.6 gram was 7604 nm, 7163 nm, and 6590 nm. Nitrogen STK provides color indicators as yellow, orange to dark red. The color changes produced by the STK were tested using UV-Vis. The analyses of UV-Vis showed the percentage of nitrogen content that is formed in the range of 0% - 26.75 %. Keywords: colorimetry, color indicator, nitrogen, reagent, soil test kit Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Erma Surya Yuliana)

73	Other related to materials science	ABS-53
Effect of Variation of Ethylene Glycol (EG) Solution on Physical Characteristics of Porous Reduced Graphene Oxide (P-rGO)-Based on Coconut Shell Samnur (1), Muchlis (2), Andi Muhammad Afdhal Saputra (2), Nur Fadilla (2), Bunga Dian Usman (2), Zurnansyah (2), Dirfan Zabrian (2), Nur Azizah (2), Eko Hadi Sujiono (2*) (1) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar 90224, Indonesia. (2) Laboratory of Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar 90224, Indonesia *e.h.sujiono[at]unm.ac.id Abstract Research has been carried out to look at the effect of variations in ethylene glycol solution on the physical characteristics of porous reduced graphene oxide (P-rGO) based on XRD, FTIR, SEM, and Uv-Vis spectroscopy. The research method used in this study was two steps, namely the synthesis of GO using the modified Hummer method and the synthesis of P-rGO with the ratio between ethylene glycol and deionized water being 1:2 (P-rGO I), 2:2 (P-rGO II), and 3:2 (P-rGO III). The results of XRD characterization of P-rGO samples formed 2 peaks that correspond to the characteristic planes (002) and (100) associated with the turbostratic structure of the carbonaceous material. FTIR characterization of P-rGO showed the appearance of the spectrum of the hydroxyl (OH) group at the absorption peak of 3441 cm-1, the carbonyl (C=O) and aromatic (C=C) groups of P-rGO III experienced a shift, and each of which was at the peak of 1710 cm-1 and 1627 cm-1, the absorption peak at the peak of 1207 cm-1 was associated with the epoxy (C-O) group. SEM morphology analysis showed that the rGO material formed pores on the particle surface with pore sizes in the macropore range, each of which has an average pore size diameter of about 1.91 micrometer (P-rGO I), 1.50 micrometer (P-rGO II), and 1.37 micrometer (P-rGO III). The UV-Visible results show that the band gap energy values obtained by the Tauc plot method for P-rGO I, II, and III are 5.30 eV, 5.36 eV, and 5.38 eV, respectively, indicating that P-rGO has good potential for electronic device application. Keywords: Graphene, Porous Reduced Graphene Oxide, Coconut Shell, Ethylene Glycol, Nanomaterials Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Eko Hadi Sujiono)

74	Other related to materials science	ABS-54
Effect of Ultrasonication Time on Physical Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)-Based on Coconut Shell Eko Hadi Sujiono (1*), Andi Muhammad Afdhal Saputra (1), Muchlis (1), Bunga Dian Usman (1), Nur Fadilla (1), Nur Azizah (1), Dirfan Zabrian (1), Zurnansyah (1), Samnur (2) (1) Laboratory of Materials Physics, Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar 90224, Indonesia. (2) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar 90224, Indonesia. *e.h.sujiono[at]unm.ac.id Abstract Reduced Graphene oxide (rGO) based on coconut shell waste has been synthesized by varying the ultrasonication time. RGO powders have been characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. In this study, we divided the ultrasonication time into three variations, namely 2 hours (rGO I), 4 hours (rGO II), and 6 hours (rGO III). The results of XRD characterization of rGO samples formed two main peaks in the characteristic plane (002) and (100), which were similar to those of rGO synthesized from commercial graphite. FTIR showed the appearance of a band at 1705 cm-1 associated with the carbonyl (C=O), shifting of the C-O bond (alkoxy) at 1216 cm-1, the band at 1577 cm-1 associated with an aromatic functional group (C=C), and a band at 3431 cm-1 indicates the hydroxyl (-OH) functional group, However, in rGO III, the hydroxyl group (O-H) is no longer visible (disappearance). SEM morphological analysis showed that the rGO material formed pores on the particle surface with pore sizes in the macropore range, each of which had an average pore size diameter of about 1.03 micrometer (rGO I), 0.61 micrometer (rGO II), and 1.15 micrometer (rGO III). The UV-Visible results show that the optical properties are quite marked by the spectrum formed due to the light absorption or energy transmitted to the sample. The sample band gap energy values obtained by the Tauc plot method for rGO I, II, and III are 4.42 eV, 4.78 eV, and 4.98 eV, which indicate the nature of the semiconductor material and has good potential for electronic device applications. Keywords: graphene, reduced graphene oxide, coconut shell, ultrasonication, band gap energy, nanomaterials, carbon materials. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Eko Hadi Sujiono)

75	Other related to materials science	ABS-56
Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups Quantitative Analysis of Plasma-Treated Magnetic Carbon Nanotubes Using Boehm Titration Leny Dwi Anggraini 1, Teguh Endah Saraswati 1, a), Nestri Handayani 2 and Lusi Ismayenti 3 Author Affiliations 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126 Indonesia 2 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126 Indonesia 3 Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126 Indonesia Author Email a) Corresponding author: teguh[at]mipa.uns.ac.id Abstract The surface of the magnetic carbon nanotubes (Mag-CNT) was successfully modified by atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJ). APPJ was generated by a high voltage power supply (4.98 kV) using acetic acid vapor carried by argon gas at a rate of 1.4 L/min with treatment times of 6, 10 and 20 minutes. To analyze the success of the modification, a dispersity test, qualitative analysis with Fourier-transform infra-red (FTIR), and quantitative analysis with Boehm titration was carried out. FTIR spectra show the addition of new functional groups C=O and C-H for the sample after plasma treatment. The results of quantitative analysis showed that the longer treatment time, the greater the number of oxygen-containing functional groups. Using titration Boehm, after 20 min plasma treatment, the hydroxyl, lactone, and carboxylated groups attached on Mag-CNT were respectively estimated of 42,14 x 10^23, 30,10 x 10^23, and 114,38 x 10^23 functional groups/gram Mag-CNT. In total, the number of attached functional groups on the surface of Mag-CNT at 6, 10, and 20 minutes were 126,42 x 10^23, 138,46 x 10^23, and 186,62 x 10^23 functional groups/gram Mag-CNT, respectively. Keywords: Surface modification- Acetic acid- APPJ- Magnetic carbon nanotubes- Boehm titration Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Leny Dwi Anggraini)

76	Other related to materials science	ABS-66
Rapid and Facile Electrochemical Synthesis of MIL-101(Fe)-NH2 Larasati, Witri Wahyu Lestari and Maulidan Firdaus Universitas Sebelas Maret Abstract As emerging new materials with exceptional porosity and tunability, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) receive great attention for their wide spectrum of application ranged from catalysis to drug delivery. One of the most reported MOFs is MIL-101(Fe)-NH2, that is comprised of Fe-clusters as the metal nodes and H2BDC-NH2 ligand as the organic struts. Despite the progressively growing scope of their functionalization and application, the synthesis method to achieve the material in such short time is still a challenge. The most used conventional solvothermal method is time-consuming and commonly involves heating at high temperature. In this study, we performed the electrochemical preparation of MIL-101(Fe)-NH2 for the first time. The synthesis was conducted at room temperature for 30 min. The obtained material exhibited similar characteristics and even better compared to those prepared with solvothermal method. Analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the electrochemically-synthesized MIL-101(Fe)-NH2 demonstrates high suitability with standard pattern at 9.28, 10.3, and 16.72, and has the highest purity among the materials synthesized with other methods. Further analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed that the proposed method had successfully produce the desired materials, as observed from the shift of CO bond absorption band from 1688 cm-1 to lower wavenumber, and the broadening peak of OH bond at around 3500 cm-1. As assessed with Surface Area Analyzer (SAA), the BET surface area and BJH pore volume of the material are 53.676 m2/g and 0.131475 cm3/g, respectively, with average pore size of 4.90 nm. Moreover, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the material is thermally stable to 250 C. Keywords: Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Larasati Larasati)

77	Other related to materials science	ABS-67
Graphene Growth Effort at Low Temperature by Using Hot Wire-Very High Frequency-Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition A Momang Yusuf, Kurniati A., Ajeng E., Jasruddin D. Malago, Fatimah A. Noor, Toto Winata Physics of Electronic Materials Research Division, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung Abstract We have attempted to grow graphene by using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) combined with hot wire (HW). Plasma was generated by Radio Frequency (RF) at Very High Frequency of 70 MHz. Raman spectra of the samples show that graphitic structure had been formed as indicated by sharp G band, followed by sharp D band which indicate that the samples highly contain disorder structure. However, the indistinct of 2D band from Raman spectra suggest that the obtained samples contain functional groups, and it was confirmed by FTIR spectrum of the samples. This result suggests that instead of graphene, we obtained graphite oxide and to obtain graphene as we expected, growth parameters still need to be optimized further as well as preparation samples should be conducted carefully to avoid contamination with air. Keywords: graphene- graphite oxide- PECVD- hot-wire- Raman Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (A Momang Yusuf)

78	Other related to materials science	ABS-79
Synthesis and Crystal Structure Investigation of Fe3O4/ZnO/PVP/PABS Nanocomposites from Natural Material by Co-Precipitation Method Sunaryono(1,2,a*) , Mohamad Dimas Amardika(1,b), Nadiya Miftachul Chusna(1,c), Robi Kurniawan(1,d), Nandang Mufti(1,2,e), and Ahmad Taufiq(1,2,f) 1) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia 2) PUI-PT Centre of Advanced Materials for Renewable Energy, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang No. 5, Malang 65145, Indonesia *a)sunaryono.fmipa[at]um.ac.id,b)mohamad.dimas.1803226[at]students.um.ac.id,c)nadiya.miftachul.1403226[at]students.um.ac.id,d)robi.kurniawan.fmipa[at]um.ac.id,e)nandang.mufti.fmipa[at]um.ac.id,f)ahmad.taufiq.fmipa[at]um.ac.id Abstract Fe3O4/ZnO/PVP/PABS sample was synthesized using co-precipitations from natural material to produce FeCl2 and FeCl3 solutions. That solution was reacted with NH4OH. Then the precipitation of Fe3O4 and ZnO were combinate to produce the Fe3O4/ZnO sample. The functional groups of the Fe3O4/ZnO/PVP/PABS sample were carried out using an FTIR instrument. IR spectra based on FTIR results showed that the sample was having Fe-O and Zn-O bonds, those bonding represent Fe3O4 and ZnO materials, respectively. Meanwhile, S=O and C-N bonds represent PABS and PVP, respectively. Fe3O4/ZnO and PVP/PABS were characterized using the XRD instrument. The result showed that the XRD pattern was having two phases of crystal and an amorphous phase. The crystal size of Fe3O4 was around 11.46 nm and ZnO was around 35.97 nm. Keywords: Fe3O4, ZnO, PVP, PABS, crystal structure. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Mohamad Dimas Amardika)

79	Other related to materials science	ABS-98
Synthesis and Characterization of CS/PVA/GA/ZnO Based Hydrogel for Wound Dressing Applications Fitri Khoerunnisa1*, Riri Uswatun Annifah1, Mita Nurhayati1,2, Eli Hendrik Sanjaya3, Murni Tri Handayani4, Witri Wahyu Lestari5, Oh Wen Da7,* 1Department of Chemistry, Indonesia University of Education, Setiabudi 229 Bandung 40154 Indonesia 2Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea 3Departement of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Malang. Jl. Semarang No. 5 Malang 65145, Indonesia 4Research Center for Advanced Materials - National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Puspitek Area, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, 15314, Indonesia 5Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36 A Kentingan, Jabres, Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia 7School of Chemical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia Abstract Hydrogels have been widely developed for wound dressing applications with their unique biochemical and mechanical properties. Chitosan is one of biopolymers used as a precursor for hydrogel wound dressing material fabrication due to its hydrophilic, biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, and antibacterial properties. In this study, the synthesis, and characterization, of CS/PVA/GA/ZnO-based hydrogels ware systematically investigated. The hydrogel was synthesized by solution mixing and casting methods following the optimum composition of CS/PVA/GA/ZnO (10:10:0,75:4 by volume ratio). Hydrogel characterization was carried out with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), hydrophilicity porosity, swelling ratio, deswelling, and antibacterial activity tests. The interaction between CS, PVA, GA, and ZnO was indicated by typical absorption at wavenumbers of 418 cm-1 for Zn-O vibrations, 1647 cm-1 for C=N, and 1105 cm-1 for acetal bridge formation. The X-ray diffractogram showed a shift in the diffraction peaks at 2&#952- 10.07o and 19.99o to 11.50o and 19.70o, correspond to the typical peak shift of PVA and Chitosan. The crystallinity of the hydrogel also increased after the addition of ZnO from 60.25% to 71.55%. SEM images exhibited a homogeneous surface, indicating that ZnO is evenly distributed in the hydrogel matrix. The addition of ZnO increased the hydrophilicity of the hydrogel, as indicated by the decrease of water contact angle from 80.46o to 75.03o. The % porosity also decreased with the addition of ZnO from 58.16% to 55.45%. Furthermore, the addition of ZnO increased the swelling and deswelling ratio from 127% to 249% and from 59.21% to 88.24%, respectively. The hydrogel composite had an excellent antibacterial activity with the addition of ZnO, indicated by the increase in zone of inhibition from 8.3 mm and 9.1 mm to 20.3 mm and 21.6 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. These proved that the hydrogel composite offers a great potential as wound dressing material Keywords: hydrogel, CS/PVA/GA/ZnO, wound dressing, synthesis, characterization Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fitri Khoerunnisa)

80	Other related to materials science	ABS-99
Performance of PES/PVA-Based Composite Membrane with Addition of Nanofiller on Water Filtration: A review Fitri Khoerunnisa1, a), Putri Citra Amanda1, and Mita Nurhayati1, 2 1Department of Chemistry, Indonesia University of Education, Setiabudi 229 Bandung 40154 Indonesia 2Department of Advanced Science and Technology Convergence, Kyungpook National University, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea a) Corresponding author: fitri[at]upi.edu Abstract Membrane filtration has been widely developed for the water treatment since it has good selectivity, easy operation, low energy, and allow to filter contaminants without chemical excess. Poly (ether sulphone)/ PES-based membrane is one of the most common polymers for membrane precursors due to its superior chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability, but the hydrophobic properties cause the membrane to be susceptible toward contamination. Poly (vinyl alcohol)/ PVA that can be used to modify PES membranes, because it is reported to improve hydrophilicity and good filtration performance. Incorporation of nanofiller (metal oxides, GO, and O-MWCNT) into PES/PVA based composite membranes is expected to improve its characteristics and performance. In this study, the effect of other precursors and nanofillers on the performance of PES membranes, by including permeation flux, rejection, and antifouling properties was systematically reviewed. This review provides insight of PES/PVA-based membranes to be applied in water purification technology via filtration. Keywords: composite membranes- PES/PVA- nanofiller- Water Treatment Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Fitri Khoerunnisa)

81	Other related to materials science	ABS-100
Microwave Assisted Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using the Matoa Leaves Extract as Colorimetric Detection of Mercury(II) Ion Ari Sulistyo Rini(a*) Gilar Ramadhan(a), Rahmi Dewi(a), Jasril(b), Yolanda Rati(a) (a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Riau, Simpang Baru, Riau 28293, Indonesia *ari.sulistyo[at]lecturer.unri.ac.id (b)Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Riau, Simpang Baru, Riau 28293, Indonesia (c)Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia Abstract Colorimetric sensors using silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have been carried out to detect mercury (II) ions in this paper. Ag-NPs were synthesized using silver nitrate in aqueous matoa leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent via the microwave method at various irradiation power of 360, 540, and 720 Watt. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis., FTIR, TEM, and XRD analysis. The Ag-NPs are effectively shaped with a broad peak due to surface plasmon resonance created at 430 nm showing a yellowish-brown color. FTIR characterization confirmed the presence of O-H functional groups of polyphenol and flavonoid compounds in reducing Ag+ ions to Ag0. TEM images suggest that the nanoparticles are of spherical and oval shape with an average size ranging from 10-12 nm. The structure of the biosynthesis is a face-centered cubic type with the crystalline nature of nanoparticles. The sensitivity of Ag-NPs to mercury (II) was investigated by varying the concentration of HgCl2 solution 1-100 ppm. The colour change of silver nanoparticles to colorless indicates sensitivity and selectivity in detecting mercury. Therefore, the Ag-NPs are potentially used for the determination of mercury (II) ions in various water samples. Keywords: biosynthesis, colorimetry, Mercury detection, silver nanoparticles Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Ari Sulistyo Rini)

82	Photonic materials	ABS-89
Gold Nanoparticles Modified PEDOT:PSS as Hole Transport Layer and Its Effect on Performance Efficiency in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Nur Fadhilah Syarif (1), Muhammad Cikal Merdeka (1), Rahmat Hidayat (1), and Priastuti Wulandari (1*) (1) Physics of Magnetism and Photonics Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, West Java, Indonesia *pwulandari[at]itb.ac.id Abstract We investigate the effect of gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-induced localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) on the performance of inverted hybrid bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. LSPR is an optical phenomenon generated by light waves trapped within conductive material that have a dimension <10 nm. In this case, AuNP has a diameter that is close to the incident wavelength, resulting in the collective oscillation of electrons in the conduction band. In our previous research, we studied the effect of AuNP embedded into the active polymer of P3HT:PCBM to enhance the performance of inverted BHJ solar cells. In this research, we synthesized AuNP capped by 3-MPA (Au-MPA) by using modified reduction method and then characterized the optical and chemical properties of Au-MPA including the Au-MPA modified poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) solution. It has been known that PEDOT:PSS has high work function, transparency, and good conductivity, but it has disadvantages like particle aggregation in water solution, strong acid of PSS, and hydrophilic character which causes non-homogeneity film morphology and electrical properties along with the term stability of hybrid solar cells. Therefore, the amphiphilic surfactant molecule is added to PEDOT:PSS solution to enhance the wettability of the PEDOT:PSS layer when it is placed into a hybrid solar cell structure. The morphology and shape of Au-MPA were captured by TEM imaging. While the characterizations of Au-MPA-modified PEDOT: PSS was done by UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopies. The typical plasmonic peak of Au-MPA is clearly shown in the absorbance spectra at 527 nm as indicated also by homogenous spherical shape of nanoparticle with ~50 nm of diameter size. However, its plasmonic peaks relatively shifted when the nanoparticles are added into PEDOT:PSS solution. The fabricated BHJ solar cell devices modified Au-MPA into PEDOT:PSS as hole transport layer will be performed in comparison to that of reference devices without modification of Au-MPA. Keywords: Au nanoparticles- PEDOT:PSS- LSPR- hole transport layer- hybrid bulk heterojunction solar cell Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Nur Fadhilah Syarif)

83	Polymer	ABS-3
The Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycle on The Physical Properties of PVA/Guava Leaf Extract Hydrogel William Xaveriano Waresindo1, b), Halida Rahmi Luthfianti1, Dian Ahmad Hapidin1, Dhewa Edikresnha1, Akfiny Hasdi Aimon1, Tri Suciati2, and Khairurrijal Khairurrijal1, 3, 4, a) Author Affiliations 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 2Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 3University Center of Excellence - Nutraceutical, Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Center, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 4Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Lampung 35365, Indonesia Author Emails a) Corresponding author: krijal[at]itb.ac.id b) williamwaresindo046[at]gmail.com Abstract Guava leaves are known to have many health benefits. Extraction of guava leaves by maceration method can accommodate important bioactive compounds so that guava leaf extract (GLE) is obtained. The loading of GLE into a 3-dimensional polymer matrix called hydrogel is carried out so that the release can be controlled. The synthesis of hydrogels by physical crosslinking known as freeze-thaw has become the preferred method because the process is simple and low-cost. The physical properties of the hydrogel are influenced by the freeze-thaw synthesis parameters. In this research, we succeeded in optimizing the parameters of the number of freezing and thawing cycles (4, 5, and 6 cycles) and knowing their effect on the physical properties of PVA/GLE hydrogels e.g., swelling degree, weight loss, gel fraction, and mechanical properties. The optimum number of FT cycles is 5 cycles because it produces a hydrogel with the largest swelling degree of 180.83 %, the smallest weight loss of 17.41 %, the largest gel fraction of 82.58 %, and the highest compressive strength of 174.96 kPa. Keywords: guava leaves- GLE- hydrogel- freeze-thaw- PVA- physical properties Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (William Xaveriano Waresindo)

84	Polymer	ABS-6
The Preliminary Study of the Freeze-thawed PVA Hydrogel Loaded with Bandotan Leaves Extract (Ageratum conyzoides) Marathur Rodhiyah1, b), William Xaveriano Waresindo1, Halida Rahmi Luthfianti1, Kusjuriansah1, Nabila Asy Syifa1, Dhewa Edikresnha1, 2, Dian Ahmad Hapidin1, 2 Tri Suciati3, Akfiny Hasdi Aimon1, Khairurrijal Khairurrijal1, 2, a) 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 2University Center of Excellence - Nutraceuticals, Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Center, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 3Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 4Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Sumatera Institute of Technology, Indonesia a) Corresponding author: krijal[at]itb.ac.id b) 20221302[at]mahasiswa.itb.ac.id Abstract In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel loaded with bandotan leaves extract (BLE) has been successfully developed using the freeze-thaw method. The precursor solution for hydrogel were made by mixing PVA solution and BLE solutions at the ratio of 10/0, 10/1, 10/2, 10/3, 10/4, and 10/5. The concentration of PVA was 12% w/w in water, while the BLE solution was 5% w/w in a solvent system of water/ethanol, at a weight ratio of 1/1. The duration of freezing and thawing was 20 and 4 hours, respectively. The freezing temperature was maintained at minus 25 celcius degrees and the thawing temperature at 37 Celcius degrees. The increasing concentration of BLE in the precursor solutions reduced the viscosity, density, and pH of the precursor solutions of the hydrogel. The pH obtained was in the range between 4.7 and 5.9, which is suitable for human skin. The swelling degree of the composite hydrogels initially increased as the fraction of BLE increased but then decreased as the fraction of BLE became too high with the largest swelling degree was possessed by the hydrogel with the ratio of PVA/BLE at 10/2. The swelling degree result was best modeled after the second-order swelling kinetics. The release of BLE during the swelling degree test was also confirmed by the weight loss. The fracture stress, onset strain, and onset stress of the as-formed hydrogels tended to decrease with the increase of BLE in the precursor solutions. The higher fraction of BLE in the precursor solution resulted in a larger fraction of ethanol in the as-formed hydrogel. The ethanol acted as the free liquid inside the hydrogel, which did not freeze during the freeze-thaw process hence resulting in a soft hydrogel texture. Keywords: hydrogel- freeze-thaw- polyvinyl alcohol- Ageratum conyzoides- swelling degree- compressive test. Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Marathur Rodhiyah)

85	Polymer	ABS-7
PVA/PVP based Hydrogel with Good Swelling Ability for Potential Wound Dressing Applications William Xaveriano Waresindo1, b), Halida Rahmi Luthfianti1, Dian Ahmad Hapidin1, Dhewa Edikresnha1, Akfiny Hasdi Aimon1, Tri Suciati2, and Khairurrijal Khairurrijal1, 3, 4, a) Author Affiliations 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 2Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 3University Center of Excellence - Nutraceutical, Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Center, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 4Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Lampung 35365, Indonesia Author Emails a) Corresponding author: krijal[at]itb.ac.id b) williamwaresindo046[at]gmail.com Abstract Hydrogels are still an interesting topic of study because of their superior properties, such as swellability and biocompatibility. Hydrogels can be synthesized by physical and chemical cross-linking methods. One type of physical crosslinking method is freeze-thaw (F-T), which works based on the process of crystallizing the precursor solution and then forming physical crosslinks. In this paper, PVA and PVP were used as precursor solutions for the preparation of hydrogels with PVA/PVP ratios of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40 which were labeled as HPP1, HPP2, HPP3, HPP4, and HPP5. respectively. Variations in PVP composition cause changes in the physical properties of PVA/PVP hydrogels. The addition of PVP caused a decrease in viscosity by 14.33% (from 25.74 cP decreased to 22.05 cP). The solution density and hydrogel density also decreased from 1.0641 gram/cm3 to 1.0365 gram/cm3 and from 1.213 grams/cm3 to 1.021 grams/cm3, respectively. However, the addition of PVP composition caused an increase in the degree of swelling of the hydrogel in absorbing the PBS solution. PVA/PVP hydrogel with sample code HPP2-HPP5 synthesized by the freeze-thaw method is very potential as a wound dressing material with the ability to absorb solution (wound exudate) from 259.83 % to 347.89 %. Keywords: hydrogel- freeze-thaw- PVA- PVP- swelling degree- wound dressing Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (William Xaveriano Waresindo)

86	Polymer	ABS-15
Recycling of High Density Polyethylene Plastic Waste as A Membrane for Methylene Blue Removal from Water Utari Zulfiani1, a), Afdhal Junaidi1, b), Badrut Tamam Ibnu Ali1, c), Juhana Jaafar2, d), Saiful3, e), Nurul Widiastuti1, f) 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia 2Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia Abstract As the population increases and industrialization ramps up, the availability of clean water is running low. About 80% of industrial wastewater is discharged into the environment without treatment, of which 17-20% is dominated by dyes. One of the most widely used dyes in the textile industry is methylene blue (MB), which is a cationic dye with an economical price. In the process of staining methylene blue, only about 5% is used and the rest is discarded. Contamination with methylene blue can cause irritation of the gastrointestinal tract if swallowed, causes cyanosis if inhaled, and cause skin irritation if touched. This, of course, requires special handling considering its harmful effects on health. Besides that, the abundance of plastic waste that continues to increase by 14%, or 85,000 tons per year, is another problem that must be solved. One of the promising methods in water treatment is membranes that can be fabricated by using inexpensive materials. Because of its film-forming properties, HDPE is one type of plastic that has the potential as a membrane material. Therefore, in this study, HDPE plastic waste will be fabricated into a membrane which is expected to remove methylene blue from water. This research reports various membrane composition and its performance for methylene blue removal from water The results showed that the 10% HDPE membrane produced a water flux of 24.43 L/m2h, a methylene blue flux of 11.61 L/m2h and a methylene blue rejection of 76.13%. Keywords: HDPE- membrane- metilen blue- waste watertreatment- environment friendly Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Utari Zulfiani)

87	Polymer	ABS-74
Effect of Vulcanization Time and Crosslink Density on Mechanical Properties of Acrylic Rubber Composite Alfi Haradi Iskandar (a), Jasmansyah (a), Anceu Murniati(a), Hernandi Sujono (a), and Arie Hardian (a*) (a)Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia *arie.hardian[at]lecture.unjani.ac.id Abstract Keywords: acrylate rubber composite, crosslink density, vulcanization time, mechanical properties, swelling test Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Alfi Haradi Iskandar)

88	Semiconductor	ABS-71
Atomic Layer Deposition of Boron Group Oxides Abu Saad Ansari 1, a), Arramel 1, Alfian Noviyanto 1, Nurul Taufiqu Rochman 1 Nano Center Indonesia Research Institute, Puspitek street, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia Abstract Miniaturization of electronic devices induces a significant challenge to processing methods. Nano-scale devices in future require an innovative and scalable coating techniques. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is one of the most suitable deposition technologies for nanoscale device fabrication, which enables ultrathin films deposition with high conformality, good uniformity, high material quality, and sub-nanometer thickness controllability. The present work describes the ALD of boron group oxides. ALD Al2O3 can be easily deposited using trimethylaluminum (Al(CH3)3) and H2O. ALD of other boron group oxides using trimethyl precursors of Ga or In with H2O are very difficult, but more facile with O3. Here we examine the adsorption of the boron group trimethyl compounds on Si(100) surface, and their oxidation with H2O, H2O2 and O3 oxidant species. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to obtain the energy change along reaction coordinates. It is found that Al(CH3)3 adsorb strongly with large exothermicity, while the adsorption strengths of other metal precursors are weaker. The activation barriers for removal of the methyl ligands from the metal atoms is significantly lower for Al compared to all elements. The oxidation reaction mechanisms of CH3-terminated surface formed by adsorption of the group III elements into OH under ALD conditions are considered. The activation energy for the oxidation reaction is smaller than that for the molecular desorption of the oxidants only in the case of Al, suggesting the favorability of Al2O3 ALD over other group III oxides. Comparison of the energy parameters of the reaction show the trend in reactivity of O3 > H2O2 > H2O. Keywords: ALD, DFT, Group-13 Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Abu Saad Aqueel Ahmad Ansari)

89	Sensor	ABS-9
The Fabrication of PVP/NiAc Nanofiber as a QCM Active Layer for Hazardous Vapor Detection Riris Sukowati (a), Yadi Mulyadi Rohman (a), Bertolomeus Haryanto Agung (a), Aan Priyanto (a), Dian Ahmad Hapidin (a), and Khairurrijal Khairurrijal (a,b) a) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesa 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia. b) Department of Physic, Faculty of Science, Sumatera Insitute of Technology, Indonesia Abstract Keywords: QCM- PVP/NiAc Nanofiber- Methanol- Acetone- Formaldehyde- adsorption models Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Riris Sukowati)

90	Sensor	ABS-13
Numerical Investigation of High-sensitivity Photonics crystal fiber based on surface plasmon resonance sensor for detection of cancer cell Dedi Irawan (a*), Khaikal Ramadhan (b,d), Saktioto (b), Azwir Marwin (b), Fitmawati (c), Beny Agustirandi (d), Dwi Hanto (e), Bambang Widiyatmoko (e) a) Department of Physics Education, Faculty of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, 28293, Indonesia b) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, 28293, Indonesia c) Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, 28293, Indonesia d) Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia e) Research Center of Physics, National Research and Innovation Agency PUSPIPTEK Serpong, South Tangerang, 15314, Indonesia Abstract A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor has good performance in sensing analytes. SPR has plasmonic material that can give rise to the phenomenon of plasmon resonance so it is very sensitive to environmental changes. Recently, photonic crystal fiber-based SPR sensors have experienced significant developments and can be applied to detect analytes based on very small changes in refractive index. In this study, we investigated the PCF-SPR sensor in detecting cancer-infected and healthy cells using the finite element method (FEM) based on COMSOL Multiphysics version 5.6. Cancer cells that became the object of observation were skin cancer cells (Basal), blood cancer cells (Jurkat), and cervical cancer cells (Hela). The investigated PCF-SPR sensor has a simple geometric structure and can detect in the range of refractive index 1.36 -1.392 RIU, this refractive index range is the ideal range of refractive index of cancer-infected cells. The sensor was investigated for polarization on the x-axis which had consistent performance, while polarization on the y-axis did not give consistent values. The results of numerical observations of PCF-SPR have an average wavelength sensitivity of 4500 nm/RIU. Meanwhile, in detecting blood, Hela (Cervical), and Basal (Skin) cells, the sensor design has high sensitivity compared to the sensor design previously proposed by the researcher, with values of 8571.4 nm/RIU, 8636.4 nm/RIU, and 4500 nm/RIU. This sensor also has a very large resolution of 6.67 x 10-6 and is also known to have amplitude sensitivity in detecting skin cancer cells, cervical cancer, and blood cancer, respectively -1403.63 1/RIU, -536.51 1/RIU and -686.26 1/RIU from these results show that the sensor can well distinguish healthy cells and cells infected with skin cancer, cervical cancer, and blood cancer. Keywords: PCF-SPR sensor- Cancer cell detection- Refractive index- Skin cancer- Blood Cancer- Cervical Cancer Share Link | Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Khaikal Ramadhan)

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