The Antidiabetic Effects of Konjac Glucomannan from Porang on The Clinical Outcomes of Patients with T2DM: Systematic Review Puan Nur Rizqia
Faculty of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
Abstract
Background: Diabetes Mellitus Type-2 (DMT2) is a group of complex metabolic disorders that cause insulin resistance in the body. Konjac Glucomannan is known to have potential as an alternative therapy for T2DM patients with OAD or insulin therapy. Administration of glucomannan in T2DM patients significantly reduced HbA1C and postprandial glucose. KGM can also reduce insulin resistance which is one of the main factors in the pathogenesis of T2DM and increase insulin sensitivity of body cells.
Research Methods: A systematic study was carried out by synthesizing studies on patients with T2DM and compiled based on the PRISMA 2020 Systematic Review protocol. The scientific databases used were Science Direct, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest. The main outcomes determined were HbA1C, PPG, HOMA-IR as a standard for assessing insulin resistance, and fasting insulin levels (FSI). The screening and extraction process is carried out by examining the identified titles and abstracts, then the full-text articles are evaluated to obtain articles that meet the eligibility criteria. A risk analysis of bias was carried out by two reviewers based on the 2020 PRISMA protocol and Jadad^s score.
Results: Of the total, there were 6 RCT articles that met the criteria, with a total of participants. Based on the results of the risk of bias analysis, 2 articles with low risk of bias and 4 others with high risk of bias were calculated by the Jadad score. 4 studies showed significant reductions in HbA1c and FBG, while two showed no signficant change with KGM. There is significant decrease in HOMA-IR but not in FSI. In general, glucomannan has a general role in preventing the progression of complications in T2DM, especially CVD, namely by regulating postprandial plasma glucose, regulating food absorption, and decreasing insulin resistance. Differences in the effectiveness of glucomannan on glycemic control and decrease insulin resistance may be influenced by the dose and duration of administration.
Conclusion: Giving KGM can reduce postprandial blood glucose, FBG, and HbA1C in T2DM patients with OAD and < 3 complications, there is an increase in serum fructosamine, ghrelin, and leptin as well as a significant decrease in HOMA-IR. However, the decrease in fasting insulin levels was found to be insignificant. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of KGM on insulin resistance and the development of KGM as a treatment for T2DM in humans.
