Differences in Intelligence Quotient between stunted and non-stunted children Syifa Samsara Feri, Dr. Yoke Ayukarningsih, dr., Sp.A.,M.Kes, Anastasia Yani Triningtyas, dr., M.Kes
Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani
Abstract
Background: Stunting is a condition when a child has malnutrition state during long period so that they become shorter compared by normal child at their age. In 2017, approximately 22% under five years children experience stunting around the world. Riskesdas, held by Indonesian Government at 2018, find almost 30% child has stunting and severe stunting that can be continued until school age. Stunting on early age potentially disturb neural plasticity that developed maximally between prenatal and first year of life. Unfortunately, whether early stunting influence children^s intelligence and cognitive development at school age or not is still unclear.
Method: Literature study with six engine databases (Pubmed, Google Scholar, Researchgate, Wiley Online Library, WHO, Oxford Library) was done using stunting, stunted, malnutrition, Intelligence Quotient, IQ, and Cognitive as keyword to search article published between 2010 until 2020.articles meet inclusion criteria and undergo critical appraisal then be reviewed.
Result: There is significant relation between stunting and IQ score in school age children. Severity of stunting has correlation with IQ score in this group. Stunting is also influence cognitive development and learning achievement. Children with stunting has lower cognitive score and worse learning achievement than non-stunting children. Early stunting can give negative impact on intelligence and cognitive development but children with successful growth catch up can have similar IQ and cognitive score as well as non-stunting children.
Conclusion: Early stunting has influence on cognitive and intelligence of school age children but with growth catch up that negative impact can be resolved.
