SUBCRONIC TOXICITY EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF BITTER MELON PULP (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L.) ON KIDNEY FUNCTION AND Welly Ratwita1, Maman Djamaludin2, Henny Juliastuti3, Dian Anggraeny4, Imas Puji Astuti5, M. Fikri A6.
1-2Departement of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Jenderal Achmad Yani University, INDONESIA
3Departement of Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Jenderal Achmad Yani University, INDONESIA
4Departement of Histology Faculty of Medicine Jenderal Achmad Yani University, INDONESIA
5-6Medical Study Program Faculty of Medicine Jenderal Achmad Yani University, INDONESIA
Abstract
Bitter melon is a fruit that was famous for its bitter taste and contains chemical compounds that are proven to have effects such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant. One of the prerequisites of a plant to be developed into a drug that is by testing the subchronic toxicity. This study goals to determine the presence of toxic effects that are not detected in the acute toxicity test. A total of 40 galur wistar rats were divided into 1 control group (C) and 3 treatment groups (T). Each group consisted of 5 male rats and female rats. Group C is only given food (pellets) and drinking water. T1, T2, and T3 groups were ethanol extract of bitter melon pulp (Momordica charantia L.) with multilevels doses 250 mg/kgbw, 500 mg/kgbw, and 1000 mg/kgbw. The observations made for 28 days included the number of death animals, relative organ weight (ROW), ureum, creatinine levels, histopatological changes in kidney. There were no deaths in the entire group and there were no significant changes in ROW (p=0,370 and p=0,394), ureum (p=0,022), creatinine levels (p=0,022, and also changes in microscopic structure. In conclusion, the ethanol extract of bitter melon pulp in this study showed toxic effect on kidney.
