Types of Vaccines and the Latest Development of the COVID-19 Vaccine Lia Siti Halimah
Lab of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani
Abstract
The 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the most formidable challenge for humanity in this century. This situation has prompted many companies and public research institutions to focus their efforts on effective therapeutic and vaccine research to find the proper answers to controlling SARS-CoV-2. Because COVID-19 is new to humanity and the nature of the protective immune response is poorly understood, it is not clear which vaccine strategy will work most. Therefore, it is imperative to develop multiple vaccine platforms and strategies in parallel. Generally, vaccine platforms are apart into six categories: live attenuated viruses, recombinant viral vector vaccines, inactivated viruses, protein subunit vaccines, virus-like particles (VLP), and nucleic acids DNA or mRNA-based vaccines. A successful COVID-19 vaccine will require careful validation of its efficacy and adverse reactivity in the vaccine target population including high-risk individuals over the age of 60, those with chronic comorbidities, frontline healthcare workers, and those involved.. in an important industry. Vaccine design concerns antigen selection, vaccine platform, and vaccination route and regimen. The choice of vaccine platform determines the relative immunogenic strength of the vaccine-derived viral antigen, whether adjuvants are required, and the nature of protective immunity. This review is aimed at providing an overview of the efforts dedicated to an effective vaccine for this novel coronavirus which has crippled the world in terms of economy, human health, and life.
