Spatiotemporal Assessment of Wetland environmental Quality in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency Based on the Remote Sensing Ecological Index Abraham Prakoso, Nurlina, Ichsan Ridwan, Mufidah
Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
Abstract
This study assesses the spatiotemporal dynamics of wetland environmental quality in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency using the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) derived from Landsat 5 and 8 imagery. The RSEI integrates three key parameters-Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI), and Normalized Difference Built-up and Soil Index (NDBSI)-through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results indicate that the first principal component (PC1) effectively represents regional ecological conditions, explaining 94.15% of the variance in 2019 and 92.66% in 2023. Ecologically, the region maintained predominantly good to excellent conditions, with these top classes increasing in coverage from 76.13% in 2019 to 81.09% in 2023. While natural factors like vegetation and moisture primarily drove ecological variations initially, the influence of built-up and dry surfaces (NDBSI) became increasingly prominent by 2023 due to anthropogenic pressures. Overall, the environmental quality was highly stable (64.26%) with notable improvements (28.78%), although localized degradation (6.96%) was observed in areas facing intensive land use and development.
