Optimization of Lithium Excess in NMC 811 (LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2) Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Battery Applications Yunita Sari1, Bagus Anggraini1, Akhmad Saufan1, Muhammad Fatihuddin1, Reza Febriano Armas1, Evvy Kartini1,2, and Muhammad Fakhrudin1,2
1Departement of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, East Jakarta, Indonesia
2National Battery Research Institute (NBRI), Technology Business Zone BRIN Puspitek Area, Bogor West Java, Indonesia
3Nano Material Research Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
Abstract
The rapid expansion of electric vehicles has intensified the demand for lithium-ion batteries with high energy performance and long-term durability. Among layered oxide cathodes, NMC 111 (LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2) remains a promising material because it offers a balanced combination of energy density, operational stability, and cost efficiency. However, repeated charge and discharge cycling can induce structural degradation, capacity fading, and reduced service life. Therefore, precise material engineering is required to improve the structural reliability and electrochemical stability of NMC 111 cathodes.
This study aims to optimize the addition of excess lithium using LiOH in NMC 111 cathode materials as a strategy to enhance crystal structural stability, electrochemical performance, and battery cycle life. NMC 111 materials with different excess lithium contents will be synthesized through a coprecipitation method, followed by controlled calcination. The structural properties of the synthesized materials will be examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), while particle morphology and size distribution will be evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Electrochemical performance will be assessed through galvanostatic charge and discharge (GCD) testing to determine specific capacity, cycling stability, and Coulombic efficiency. By correlating excess lithium content with structural, morphological, and electrochemical characteristics, this study is expected to identify an optimal lithium excess level that improves the durability and performance of NMC 111 cathodes for lithium-ion battery applications.
