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Developing 3D Wave Animation Media to Enhance Conceptual Understanding and Learning Retention in Physics Education Physics Education Program Study, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia Abstract Physics students often struggle to understand abstract concepts such as waves due to the difficulty of visualizing them in real time. In many educational settings, learning remains overly reliant on static textbooks and traditional explanations, which impedes the development of accurate mental models. This study developed and evaluated 3D wave animation media to enhance students^ conceptual understanding and learning retention using a research and development (R&D) methodology based on the ADDIE model. The implementation was conducted at the Physics Education Program Study, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia, involving 30 undergraduate students using a one-group pretest-posttest design. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including N-Gain calculation and a paired sample t-test. Results showed significant improvements in summative assessment scores, with pretest and posttest averages of 52.34 and 86.85, respectively. The N-Gain score of 0.72 indicated a high category of improvement. Furthermore, retention scores recorded two weeks post-instruction were 77.59, representing an 89.34% retention rate. Paired t-test analysis confirmed a statistically significant enhancement in conceptual understanding (p < 0.001). Overall, this study demonstrates that the developed 3D animation media effectively enhances understanding of abstract wave concepts while promoting durable learning outcomes. Keywords: 3D Animation Media, Conceptual Understanding, Learning Retention, Wave Topics Topic: Physics Education |
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