Acoustic Spectrum Analysis of Makharijul Huruf as a Foundation for Developing a Contextual Acoustic Physics Learning Module in Islamic Boarding Schools
Yiyin Ema Amalia (a), Galih Restu Fardian Suwandi (b)

(a) Master Program of Physics Teaching, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
(b) Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Research Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia

Abstract

This study investigates the acoustic spectrum of makharijul huruf as a foundation for developing a contextual acoustic physics learning module for Islamic boarding schools. The study focuses on the pronunciation of makhraj al halq letters, namely hamzah, ha, ain, ha, ghain, and kha, by examining their first formant F1 and second formant F2 frequency characteristics. It also compares the formant patterns produced by certified and beginner Quran reciters. The research employed a Research and Development approach based on the ADDIE model, limited to the analysis, design, and development stages. Audio recordings of the target letters were processed using Praat to observe waveform patterns, spectrograms, and formant frequency distributions. The analysis shows that each letter exhibits distinguishable acoustic characteristics associated with differences in articulation position, vocal tract configuration, and resonance patterns. Variations in F1 and F2 values were also observed between certified and beginner reciters, indicating differences in pronunciation consistency and acoustic realization. These findings were then translated into the design of an acoustic physics learning module that connects Quranic pronunciation phenomena with fundamental physics concepts, particularly sound waves, resonance, frequency, and sound signal visualization. By using a culturally and educationally relevant context, the module is expected to support more meaningful physics learning and to help strengthen science literacy in Islamic boarding school environments.

Keywords: acoustic physics, acoustic spectrum, F1 and F2 formants, makharijul huruf, sound resonance, physics learning module.

Topic: Physics Education