Design and Evaluation of a Sustainable Smart Library Ecosystem Using RFID and ESP32-Based IoT Integration
Taryudi, Nur Hanifah Yuninda, Rizki Pratama Putra, Murti Kusuma Wirasti, Wan-Jung Chang, Nawanda Husna, Adinda Nur Azizah

Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia
National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan

Abstract

The increasing demand for digital transformation in educational institutions has highlighted the limitations of conventional library management systems, which often rely on manual processes and lack real-time monitoring capabilities. Although RFID-based library systems have been widely implemented, many existing solutions provide limited cloud integration and scalability for sustainable educational environments. This study presents the design and evaluation of an IoT-enabled sustainable smart library ecosystem integrating RFID technology, an ESP32 microcontroller, and a Firebase cloud database. In the proposed architecture, RFID tags are attached to books for automatic identification, while the ESP32 functions as an IoT gateway that transmits transaction data in real time to the cloud. A web-based management platform enables librarians to monitor book circulation, manage inventories, and access transaction records remotely. The system was evaluated through functional and performance testing, including tag detection accuracy, transaction processing time, and system responsiveness. Experimental results demonstrate reliable operation with high identification accuracy and significant improvements in transaction efficiency, reducing processing time by up to 70% compared with conventional manual procedures. The proposed solution provides a low-cost, scalable, and sustainable framework for modern library management while supporting digital transformation in educational institutions. Furthermore, the system contributes to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4 by enhancing access to educational resources and SDG 9 through the adoption of IoT and cloud-based technologies in library services.

Keywords: Digital Library, RFID, ESP32, Firebase, Internet of Things, Cloud Computing

Topic: Instrumentation and Computational Physics