Design and Development of an Automation System for Environmental Control and Automatic Irrigation in Aeroponics
Ahmad Zatnika Purwalaksana (a*), Hashifah Dewianty Putri (a), Adhi Kusumadjati (b)

a) Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta 13220, Indonesia
*ahmadzatnikap[at]unj.ac.id
b) Physics Departement, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Academic Belt Road, Dhahran 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Conventional urban agriculture faces significant challenges, including limited land availability and inefficient water usage. Aeroponics provides a soilless alternative through nutrient misting but demands precise environmental regulation. This research develops an Arduino Uno-based automated aeroponic system designed to monitor and regulate air temperature, humidity, light intensity, and water levels. The system integrates DHT22, BH1750, and HC-SR04 sensors with a microcontroller and LCD for real-time monitoring and automated control. Performance evaluations indicated high sensor reliability. The DHT22 recorded errors of 0.42% for temperature and 1.95% for humidity measurements, the HC-SR04 achieved 0.92% error in water level measurements, and the BH1750 exhibited light intensity measurement errors ranging from 3.34%. Comparative growth analysis shows that water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) grown in the automated system significantly outperformed the conventional setup in terms of stem height, leaf dimensions, and leaf count. These findings suggest that the proposed system is a practical and efficient solution for small-scale and household aeroponic cultivation.

Keywords: Aeroponics, Automated control system, Arduino Uno, Environmental monitoring

Topic: Instrumentation and Computational Physics