Development of a Biolectrical Impedance Analyzer Prototype for Body Fat Mass Assesment
Umiatin1, Azzahra Khairunisa1, Taryudi2, Bedy Purnama3, Rista Putri Nur Ifa4, and Muhammad Abidin4 Zendi Iklima5,6 Riandini 7

1Physics Study Programme, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Jakarta State University, Jakarta, Indonesia, 13220
2Electrical Engineering Department, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta State University, Jakarta, Indonesia, 13220
3Center of Excellence Artificial Intelligence for Learning and Optimization, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia, 40252
4Frenmed Inovasi Bangsa, Depok, West Java, Indonesia, 16414
5Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
6Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Mercu Buana
7Electrical Engineering Department, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta (PNJ)

Abstract

Obesity is a medical condition characterized by the excessive accumulation of body fat tissue. It is a risk factor for various diseases, including stroke, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and diabetes, which contribute to high mortality rates. Measurement of body fat mass is critical in assessing individual health risks. The Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is widely used method for estimating body fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), and body fat percentage (BF) by transmitting a low alternating electrical current at a specific frequency through the body and measuring the resulting voltage to determine body impedance. This impedance value is subsequently used to analyze body fat composition. The present study aims to develop a Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer (BIA) prototype using the AD5933 module and an Arduino microcontroller. Frequency optimization (25 kHz, 50 kHz, and 100 kHz) as well as measurement method optimization (hand-to-hand, foot-to-foot, and hand-to-foot) were performed. The findings indicate that body fat percentage measurements using the hand-to-hand, foot-to-foot, and hand-to-foot methods at 50 kHz demonstrated greater stability compared to those obtained at 25 kHz and 100 kHz. Furthermore, at 50 kHz, the hand-to-hand method achieved an accuracy of 96.40%, the foot-to-foot method 97.71%, and the hand-to-foot method 97.96%. In conclusion, the development of a BIA prototype demonstrated that the hand-to-foot method at 50 kHz provided most optimal performance for body fat percentage measurement.

Keywords: Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, AD5933 Module, Body Fat Percentage, Frequency Optimization

Topic: Instrumentation and Computational Physics