Towards a New Equilibrium: The Intersection of Economy, Demography, and Environmental Degradation in Southeast Asia Ima Amaliah, Tasya Aspiranti, Neira Mayza, Aulia Putri Achmadinata, Febi Resti Fauzi, Dewi Intan, Chanra Satria Putra
Universitas Islam Bandung
Abstract
Environmental degradation has remained a persistent issue of global concern, closely intertwined with population growth and economic development. Population size and economic expansion are often cited as primary drivers of environmental damage. This study aims to analyze the impact of population and economic growth on environmental degradation in Southeast Asia. The data used in this study were sourced from the World Bank, Environmental Statistics, and the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The analytical model employed is panel data analysis, combining time series and cross-sectional data from Southeast Asian countries.
The findings indicate that environmental degradation in Southeast Asia is more strongly influenced by economic growth rather than population size. Statistically, population does not have a significant effect on environmental degradation in the region. These findings support the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, which suggests an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental impact. Currently, Southeast Asian countries are still in the stage of pursuing economic growth as a means to address population-related challenges. The level of environmental degradation in the region remains high, with common patterns including deforestation, increased CO₂- emissions, plastic waste accumulation, and frequent flooding.
Shifts in consumption behavior, the adoption of environmentally friendly technologies, and strong national commitments are essential components in promoting sustainable economic growth. These measures are crucial to ensuring long-term environmental sustainability in Southeast Asia.
