Towards an Inclusive Islamic Education Curriculum: Theoretical Reflections on Ethnopolitical Influences and Deep Learning Approaches Fitroh Hayati, Alhamuddin, Ikin Askin
Universitas Islam Bandung
Abstract
This theoretical study explores the intersection between ethnopolitical dynamics and deep learning approaches within the transformation of Indonesia^s Islamic Religious Education (IRE) curriculum under the Merdeka Curriculum framework. Given Indonesia^s pluralistic, multicultural, and multiethnic society, the integration of ethnopolitical considerations into curriculum development is not merely an academic endeavor but a practical and ethical necessity. Ethnic identity, local wisdom, and cultural representation play significant roles in shaping students^ sense of belonging and their engagement with religious values. Therefore, this article argues that effective curriculum reform in IRE must be culturally responsive, sensitive to local and ethnic diversity, and committed to upholding Islamic teachings while fostering social harmony and national unity. Drawing on interdisciplinary literature from multicultural education, ethnopolitics, and deep learning theory, this study critically analyzes how these perspectives can be synthesized to inform more inclusive, reflective, and transformative educational practices. The deep learning approach-which emphasizes higher-order thinking, contextualized understanding, self-reflection, and meaningful engagement-provides a promising framework to address persistent challenges in traditional IRE, such as rote memorization and the dominance of monolithic narratives. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of dialogical learning and participatory pedagogies that encourage learners to connect religious values with real-life experiences across diverse sociocultural settings. The paper concludes by offering conceptual and strategic recommendations for developing an IRE curriculum that not only enhances students^ religious literacy and moral character but also strengthens social cohesion and democratic citizenship in a diverse society like Indonesia.
