Bioactive Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems: Formulation Strategies, Biopharmaceutical Performance, and Therapeutic Applications Sani Ega Priani (a,b*), Adilah Nurhaliza (a), Gofarana Wilar (c), Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa (d), Iyan Sopyan (d)
a). Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Bandung, Jl. Ranggagading, Bandung 40116, Indonesia
b) Doctoral Program of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
*egapriani[at]gmail.com
c). Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
d). Department of Pharmaceutics and Technology of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
Abstract
Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SNEDDS) are lipid-based delivery platforms that spontaneously form nanoemulsions in gastrointestinal fluids, thereby enhancing the solubility, dissolution, and absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. Bioactive SNEDDS incorporate therapeutic oils that function both as lipid excipients and as active agents with intrinsic pharmacological effects. This review examines the development of Bio SNEDDS in terms of formulation strategies, biopharmaceutical performance, and therapeutic applications. A systematic literature search was conducted on studies published within the last five years from reputable databases. Reported bioactive oils include black seed oil, pomegranate seed oil, turmeric oil, copaiba oil, cardamom oil, eucalyptus oil, mentha oil, olive oil, mahogany seed oil, raspberry oil, and coconut oil fatty acids. When combined with suitable surfactants and co-surfactants, these oils have yielded nanoemulsions often below 100 nanometers in size with narrow polydispersity, high stability, rapid emulsification, and markedly enhanced bioavailability. The improvement in bioavailability was mainly attributed to the efficient drug delivery provided by the SNEDDS system. Generally, the bioactive oils offered complementary pharmacological effects that were secondary to the benefits from improved solubility and absorption. Overall, Bio SNEDDS present a promising dual-function platform, with the delivery system as the primary driver of performance and the bioactive oils offering potential complementary benefits
