The Relationship Between the Cooling Effect of Parks and the Urban Heat Island Effect in Jakarta and Bandung, Indonesia
Muhammad Faishal Hafizh 1*, Mochamad Donny Koerniawan 2, Firmansyah 2

Institut Teknologi Bandung

Abstract

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon is common in urban areas that are undergoing rapid development and have little green space. This study aims to examine the relationship between the cooling effect of parks (city and district parks) and land surface temperature values (as part of the UHI phenomenon) in affected areas in Jakarta and Bandung, Indonesia. The method used is quantitative, with the analysis divided into three stages: determining the affected areas of Land Surface Temperature (LST), calculating the park cooling effect index, and analyzing the relationship using multiple regression. The results show that all parks, whether larger than 1 ha or smaller than 1 ha, exhibit a park cooling effect with varying degrees of correlation. Large parks (>1 ha) have cooling effect variables related to the LST values of their locations, including area, intensity, and gradient, while small parks (<1 ha) are related to cooling efficiency. Since each has an effect influenced by park size on this phenomenon, all parks can serve as mitigation measures in urban areas.

Keywords: Urban Heat Island- Land Surface Temperature- Park cooling effect- Urban park size- Urban Climate Mitigation

Topic: Appearance/Shape of Livable Space