Enhancing Strength Assessment: A Comprehensive Analysis of Velocity-Based and Isometric Methods for 1RM Estimation
Asep Prima (a*), Putra Arima (a), Melly Br Bangun (b)

a) Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Medan, Jl. William Iskandar Ps. V, Deli Serdang 20221, Indonesia
*asepprima[at]unimed.ac.id
b) Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Medan, Jl. William Iskandar Ps. V, Deli Serdang 20221, Indonesia

Abstract

This study explores safer and more efficient alternatives to traditional one-repetition maximum (1RM) testing, especially for the elderly or individuals with medical conditions. It focuses on velocity-based methods - specifically the load-velocity (L-V) relationship - and isometric approaches like the isometric midthigh pull (IMTP), which correlate strongly with maximal strength while reducing fatigue and injury risk. A bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software was conducted on articles from 2015 to 2025 to map trends, identify key researchers, and highlight gaps. The results show a growing interest in 1RM estimation since 2017. L-V methods relate lifting velocity to maximal strength, while isometric tests offer fatigue-free alternatives. However, variability in technique and individual response remains a challenge. The study underscores the need to standardize these methods for broader applicability. Future research should enhance accuracy, especially for untrained and clinical populations. Overall, alternative 1RM estimation methods show promise but require refinement and validation.

Keywords: one-repetition maximum (1rm), load-velocity relationship (l-v), isometric midthigh pull (imtp), strength estimation methods, bibliometric analysis

Topic: Sport Sciences and Heritage Culture