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Effectiveness of Lead Remediation by Self-Immobilized Activated Biochar and Trametes versicolor Composite Pellet Department of Agricultural Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya Abstract Lead (Pb) is one of the most toxic heavy metals, frequently accumulating in soil and water bodies due to various anthropogenic activities such as excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, mining activities, transportation, and industrial waste disposal. The accumulation of Pb poses serious threats to environmental quality, ecosystem sustainability, and food security through the food chain contamination. Bioremediation is recognized as an effective and sustainable strategy for environmental restoration. The aims of this study to enhance the Pb biosorption capacity by employing self-immobilized composite composed of white rot fungi Trametes versicolor and activated biochar. Specifically, this study investigates the effect of heavy metal concentrations (50, 100, 150 mg/L) and contact time (1, 2, 3 hours) on Pb removal efficiency. The experiments were conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three factor levels and replications. The findings showed that metal concentration had a significant effect on Pb removal. The highest Pb removal rate (89.39%) was observed at an initial Pb concentration of 50 mg/L with a contact time of 1 hour, while the lowest (74.97%) was obtained at Pb concentration of 100 mg/L and a contact time of 3 hours. The 150 mg/L Pb concentration sample and a contact time of 3 hours resulted the highest pH (3.97). Interestingly, a longer contact time (5 hours) on the same sample produced the lowest pH (3.70). Overall, the research about self-immobilized composite pellets providing a new perspective on efficient and sustainable heavy metal waste management. Keywords: Biochar- Bioremediation- Lead- Self-Immobilization- Trametes versicolor Topic: Waste and environmental management and engineering |
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