Comparative Nutritional Analysis of Various Palm Sugar as Quick Energy and Electrolyte Sources for Enhancing Athletic Performance
Fitri Komala Sari1,*, Raida Amelia Ifadah1, Diwyacitta Antya Putri1, Aji Fajar Ramadhan1, Rendra Lebdoyono1

1Department of Food Technology and Agricultural Product, Faculty of Food Security, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Abstract

Palm sugars are widely consumed in Indonesia and have been traditionally recognized as natural quick energy sources capable of supporting aerobic endurance in athletes. This study aimed to compare the nutritional profiles of three common types of palm sugars-aren (Arenga pinnata), coconut (Cocos nucifera), and lontar (Borassus flabellifer)-with a focus on reducing sugar content and essential minerals (potassium, calcium, iron, and magnesium). These components play a critical role in rapid energy supply, muscle contraction, cramp prevention, and electrolyte balance, all of which are vital for optimal athletic performance.
Results demonstrated clear variations among the three types. Aren sugar contained the highest reducing sugar level (11.045%), making it the most suitable for rapid glucose replenishment during or after high-intensity activity. Coconut sugar exhibited the highest concentrations of calcium (1207.07 ppm) and potassium (659.59 ppm), which are important for sustaining muscle function and preventing fatigue. Lontar sugar, although not the highest in any single parameter, provided a more balanced nutritional composition.
In conclusion, aren sugar is recommended for athletes who require immediate energy recovery, whereas coconut sugar may be more beneficial for mineral supplementation to maintain performance over longer durations.

Keywords: athletic performance, minerals, palm sugar, quick energy source, reducing sugar

Topic: Food science and biotechnology