Development of Green Competencies Model in Vocational Education Using Fuzzy-AHP Multi-Criteria Decision Making: A Design-Based Research Approach
Muh Abdul Latif, Isma Widiaty, Ade Gafar Abdullah

Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Abstract

Green competencies have become urgent in workforce development and global sustainability efforts. This study develops a Green Competencies (GC) model for vocational education using Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) through Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (Fuzzy-AHP) to support SDG 4. A mixed-method Design-Based Research (DBR) approach was employed, involving 1,022 respondents (students, teachers, and industry practitioners) to identify GC needs, and 10 experts for construct and content validation. Through Systematic Literature Review (SLR), six key dimensions were identified: awareness, knowledge, skills, attitudes, abilities, and behavior, each with specific competency indicators. The study revealed differing perspectives among stakeholders regarding GC priorities in vocational education, necessitating Fuzzy-AHP-based MCDM and Pareto principle analysis for prioritization. Results indicated ^green abilities^ as the highest priority dimension, followed by ^green skills^ and ^green attitudes.^ The study recommends incorporating ^spiritual competencies^ as an additional dimension for a more holistic, value-grounded competency model. This development aligns with Prosser^s 9th and 13th principles, emphasizing graduate preparation based on labor market demands and specific societal needs. A conceptual implementation guide was designed to facilitate systematic integration of the model into vocational curricula. The model serves as a reference for policymakers in embedding green competencies into educational frameworks. This research contributes to bridging the gap between vocational education and sustainable workforce requirements, though further empirical testing of real-world implementation is needed to validate its effectiveness in diverse vocational settings.

Keywords: Green competencies, Desain-Based Research, Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process, vocational education curriculum, and Sustainability Development Goals

Topic: Education for sustainable development