a riview of improving sustainable fashion education through CLO 3D: a technology-based approach to reducing material waste in fashion design vocational education
Rella Mugiana, Isma Widiawati, Suciati

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Abstract

The fashion sector faces serious sustainability challenges with textile waste production reaching 92 million tons per year (UNEP, 2025), driving the urgency of transformation in the fashion design vocational education system. This study evaluates the potential contribution of CLO 3D technology to sustainable fashion education practices through a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA protocol (Page et al., 2021). Of 410 publications from 2015-2025, 27 articles were analyzed in depth. The results reveal a significant paradox: the dominance of CLO 3D adoption by leading fashion brands (Kim, 2020) contrasts with the absence of empirical evidence of its implementation in the context of vocational education. Analysis of similar immersive technologies (virtual reality, augmented reality, metaverse) as proxy evidence demonstrates substantial impact- minimizing physical material consumption by 35-70%, accelerating learning efficiency by 40-65%, developing technical competencies by 35-85%, and increasing knowledge acquisition by 45-60%. Virtual simulation-based technology consistently improves three learning domains, namely cognitive, affective, and psychomotor, with a substantial effect size (d>0.80), resulting in optimal outcomes for the hybrid learning approach. The study identifies a crucial need for empirical investigation of CLO 3D in vocational education, presents an evidence-based framework for stakeholders, and provides an implementation roadmap that integrates environmental, pedagogical, and economic benefits in the transformation of sustainable fashion education.

Keywords: 3D garment simulation, sustainable fashion education, vocational school, waste minimization, digital learning technology

Topic: Education for sustainable development