Contingency planning of tourism development in volcanic disaster-prone areas in Indonesia
Kristianto1, Mochamad Nugraha Kartadinata2, Devy Kamil Syahbana2

1. Center for Geological Survey,
2. Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM)

Abstract

Geologically, Indonesia is known as a collision zone for three tectonic plates: the Eurasian, Pacific, and Indo-Australian Plates. As a result, the Indonesian region is prone to geological hazards. There are 127 volcanoes that pose potential eruption threats. Volcanic hazards, significant in terms of occurrence and impact, often cause loss of life and property. The beauty and charm of the morphology and landscape around volcanoes provide a strong attraction for tourists to visit, climb, and engage in activities around these areas. These tourism activities can lead to large concentrations of people, which, if not managed properly, can create problems and disasters. Several volcanic eruptions have caused disasters for visitors, such as the eruptions of Lokon (1991), Semeru (2000), Bromo (2004), and Marapi (2023).
There are five volcanoes that have been developed into UNESCO Global Geoparks and National Geoparks: Batur, Rinjani, Ijen, Dieng, and Tambora. Other active volcanoes have been developed as nature tourism parks and volcano climbing tours. In the future, tourism management in disaster-prone areas must consider contingency planning for volcanic hazards to increase tourist safety. This plan should focus on aspects of disaster risk analysis, such as the utilization of volcanic hazard maps in the early design of tourist areas, following the technical recommendations from authorized volcanological institutions, implementing an early warning system, and promoting the socialization of volcanic hazards and their mitigation plans.

Keywords: Tourism, volcano, eruption, hazard-prone areas, disaster mitigation.

Topic: Geohazard