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The Effect of Smoking Behavior on Household Food Insecurity: An Analysis of BPNT Recipient Households in Indonesia Using Caloric Intake and FIES Models 1) Master of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Airlangga University Abstract This study examines the influence of household smoking behavior on food insecurity among BPNT recipient households in Indonesia. Using data from the March 2023 National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) conducted by Statistics Indonesia, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed on a final sample of 54,239 households. Food insecurity was assessed using two models: caloric intake (with a precise threshold of 2100 kcal per person) and the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). The results indicate that in all models, smoking significantly increases the likelihood of food insecurity among households. Additionally, household size has a significant effect, with larger households being more prone to food insecurity. Variables such as per capita expenditure, the age of the household head, and the marital status of the household head consistently reduce the likelihood of food insecurity. However, the effects of urbanization differ between the two models. Metropolitan households are more vulnerable to food insecurity based on caloric intake, but exhibit lower levels of food insecurity when assessed using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). These findings underscore the complex nature of food insecurity and suggest that targeted measures such as tobacco control, financial literacy programs, and increased food aid availability in metropolitan areas could help mitigate food vulnerability. The study emphasizes the need to address both the nutritional and experiential dimensions of food poverty concurrently. Keywords: food insecurity, smoking behavior, BPNT, caloric intake, FIES, household characteristics, logistic regression Topic: Development economics |
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