Synergistic Impacts of Government Climate Policies on Global Biodiversity: A Comparative Analysis
Prima Ayu Novita Junianto, Anak Agung Gde Satia Utama

Accounting Departments,
Airlangga University

Abstract

This research, Synergistic Impacts of Government Climate Policies on Global Biodiversity: A Comparative Analysis, offers a profound exploration of the intersection between governmental climate initiatives and biodiversity preservation, framing it within an increasingly complex global environmental paradigm. The novelty of this study lies in its integrative examination of how climate policies, often narrowly focused on emission reduction, can-when designed synergistically-simultaneously address the growing biodiversity crisis. The prevailing discourse has largely treated climate mitigation and biodiversity conservation as parallel but distinct challenges, a dichotomy this research aims to deconstruct through a multi-layered comparative analysis.

The study evaluates diverse climate strategies implemented by both developed and developing nations, assessing their direct and indirect impacts on biodiversity. By employing a comparative approach, the research scrutinizes national policies within broader international frameworks such as the Paris Agreement and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, elucidating how policy harmonization-or lack thereof-has led to varying degrees of success and failure. In particular, the research focuses on identifying policy mechanisms that foster synergistic outcomes, such as integrated land-use strategies, habitat restoration in conjunction with carbon sequestration, and renewable energy projects that mitigate ecological displacement.

A significant contribution of this work is its identification of policy-induced trade-offs, where measures intended to reduce greenhouse gas emissions inadvertently accelerate biodiversity loss. For instance, large-scale renewable energy installations, while critical for decarbonization, often threaten vulnerable ecosystems due to poor spatial planning and insufficient environmental safeguards. Conversely, the research highlights exemplary cases where nations have successfully aligned their climate and biodiversity agendas, leveraging natural capital for both carbon storage and species protection.

In synthesizing these findings, the study advances the argument that a paradigm shift is essential-one in which global climate governance transcends sectoral silos, fostering a more integrated and adaptive policy framework. Such a framework, grounded in ecological interdependence, is posited as crucial for addressing the intertwined crises of climate change and biodiversity loss. The study provides not only a rigorous analysis but also actionable insights, guiding policymakers toward a future where climate resilience and biodiversity conservation are mutually reinforcing goals. By fostering more integrated and adaptive policy frameworks, this study underscores the necessity for businesses to evolve their accounting practices, ensuring that biodiversity conservation and climate resilience become mutually reinforcing objectives in financial decision-making.

Keywords: Climate policies, biodiversity conservation, synergistic impacts, ecosystem preservation.

Topic: Sustainability accounting