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The Role of Non-State Actors in Enhancing Commercial Diplomacy for the Indonesian Footwear Industry
Dyah Lupita Sari, Sri Issundari, Iva Rachmawati, Meike Lusye Karolus, Clarisa Shinta, Rizky Yunita

UPN ^Veteran^ Yogyakarta


Abstract

Commercial diplomacy is essential in international relations, driving global trade, investments, and business development. Traditionally dominated by states, the post-Cold War era has highlighted the growing significance of non-state actors-such as multinational corporations, NGOs, and individuals-in shaping global economic dynamics. This paper examines the importance of commercial diplomacy in Indonesia^s footwear industry, where exports reached US-7.42 billion in 2022 but saw a slight decline in 2023. Non-state actors are crucial in supporting Indonesia^s commercial diplomacy, yet their contributions are often underrecognized and underutilized by the government. Challenges like lack of coordination, differing interests, and regulatory uncertainties hinder the full potential of Indonesia^s commercial diplomacy. This research explores the contributions, opportunities, and challenges faced by non-state actors in Indonesia^s footwear industry. By understanding their roles, the study aims to develop strategies and policies to enhance public-private cooperation, advance the industry globally, and provide recommendations for the government to better utilize non-state actors in commercial diplomacy.

Keywords: Commercial diplomacy, non-state actors, Indonesia, footwear industry

Topic: Social Science

Plain Format | Corresponding Author (Dyah Lupita Sari)

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