Agronomic characteristics of elite soybean lines and the response to pod shattering
Ayda Krisnawati, Yuliantoro Baliadi, Eriyanto Yusnawan, Andy Wijanarko, M. Muchlish Adie

Indonesian Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI)


Abstract

The soybean productivity can be increased simultaneously by improving the genetic potential and saving the yield losses due to pod shattering. The research aimed to evaluate the agronomic characters of 14 soybean elite lines and two check varieties and to identify their resistance to pod shattering. The experiment was conducted in two stages, i.e. field, and laboratory research. The field experiment was conducted in Mojokerto (East Java, Indonesia) from February to May 2019, and arranged in a randomized block design using 16 soybean genotypes with four replications. When the plants were in the R8 phase, five plants were randomly taken from each genotype to be tested their resistance to pod shattering using the oven-dry method in the laboratory of ILETRI, Malang. The agronomic characters of days to flowering, days to maturity, 100 seed weight, and seed yield were significantly different between genotypes, meanwhile, the other agronomic characters (plant height, number of nodes, number of branches, number of empty pods, number of filled pods, seed weight per plant) were not significantly different. The range of seed yield of 14 elite lines was 2.76 - 3.14 t/ha, and the check varieties of Anjasmoro and Gema were 2.56 t/ha and 2.76 t/ha, respectively. All elite lines have large seed size but medium maturity. The shattering evaluation obtained two resistant lines and twelve highly susceptible lines to pod shattering. Two high yielded elite lines (3.14 t/ha and 3.11 t/ha, respectively) showed a highly susceptible reaction to pod shattering. The two resistant elite lines produced a yield of 3.0 t/ha and 2.97 t/ha, respectively. Those four elite lines could be recommended for varietal development, but with the implication that the high yielded lines but susceptible to shattering need to be harvested immediately after maturity. On the contrary, it was possible to delay harvest for the resistant elite lines without causing significant yield losses.

Keywords: harvest delay, high yield, yield losses, improved variety

Topic: Plant Breeding and Biotechnology

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