ESPIONAGE ACTIVITIES BY USING OUTER SPACE
Edmondus Sadesto Tandungan, Judhariksawan, Marthen Napang, S.M. Noor

Hasanuddin University

Abstract

Outer space use by state can lead to espionage activities against the other state and potentially leading to international conflict. This study aims to construct the form of state^s responsibilities towards the use of outer space in espionage activities. This study uses a normative method with literature approach. The result of these study shows that basically espionage activities are violation of internasional law, especially violations of sovereignty principle. Therefore, the offending state must be responsible for these violations. The form of state^s responsibilities can be related to the diplomatic relation and also due to high losses inflicted on the victim^s state.

Keywords: State^s Responsibilities- Espionage- Outer Space

Topic: Maritime, Environment and International Policy