Development Strategy of Double Emulsion Formula for Erythropoietin Recombinant Per Oral Based on SWOT Analysis Approach: A Narrative Review
Tiara Mega Kusuma(1,2), Akhmad Kharis Nugroho(3), Ronny Martien(3), Madarina Julia(4)

1 Doctoral Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, Magelang, INDONESIA
3 Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA
4 Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, INDONESIA

Abstract

Recombinant human erythropoietin is a protein drug groups, which is not been per-oral due to low bioavailability. Double emulsion is a widely applied to improve enzymatic stability and permeability of protein drugs. Nevertheless, thermodinamic stability still being discussed. Therefore, a strategy to develop a double emulsion for rh-Epo is needed. This study aims at identifying and analysing as qualitative and quantitative of the strategic plans of double emulsion for rh-Epo based on SWOT analysis approach. Data were obtained from previous research publications relevant to the research topics. The strenghts, weaknesses, opportunities, and threaths were identified and analyzed comprehensively using SWOT, internal and external factor analysis. Based on the results, the strategic plans were obtained by reducing droplet size and shifting charge droplet modification to achieve the best formula. The quantitative analysis of double emulsion for rh-Epo is considered to have low competitive power to face the treath from digestive tract environment. It is necessary to improve formula by strategies diversification, such as the microcapsules by complex coacervation.

Keywords: erythropoietin, protein, double emulsion, multiple emulsion

Topic: Medicine and Health Sciences